Bone Test Anatomy

bones become extremely porous; bones break easily and heal slowly; bone is no longer replaced as quickly as it is removed

osteoporosis

bones are forced out of normal position

dislocation

3 major kinds of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

How many bones are in the human body?

206

pectoral girdle (scapula and clavilcle) connects upper limbs and the pelvic girdle connecting lower limbs

appendicular skeleton

inflammation of joints

arthiritis

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers a bone where it forms a joint (articulation) of another bone

articular cartilage

skull, vertebral column, thorax (12 pairs or ribs and sternum)

axial skeleton

contain passageways for...

blood vessels and nerves

most numerous inorganic substance found in bone

calcium phosphate

unite 2 bones by cartilage; lack a joint cavity (for example: ribs connected to sternum by hyaline cartilage, pubis symphysis connected with fibrocartilage

carliginous joints

cartilage is overworked and tears; cartialge cant repair itself; must be removed by arthroscopic surgery

cartilage injury

intercellular material of bone tissue is largely ...... that make bone harder

collagen and inorganic salts

thin plates of periosteum cover ..... and endosteum cover ....

compact bone and spongy bone

broken bone pertrudes through skin

compound fracture

bone is crushed

compression fracture

shaft of long bone; contains a medullary cavity filled with yellow bone marrow which stores fat; walls are composed of compact bone

diaphysis

membrane that lines internal bone structures (medullary cavity, void spaces of spongy bone, etc)

endosteum

ends of a long bone; exterior is composed of compact bone; interior is composed of spongy bone; covered with articular cartilage

epiphyses

parts of a long bone

epiphyses, diaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, endosteum

connected by fibrous tissue; no joint cavity; capable of little or no movement (for example: joint between tibia and fibula OR sutures between flat bones in skull)

fibrous joints

bones provide what for our body?

framework

bone breaks incompletely

greenstick fracture

provide a sight for...

hematopoiesis (blood cell transformation)

broken bones are forced into 1 another

impacted fracture

bones store...

inorganic salts such as calcium, potassium, and phosphorus

union of 2 or more bones

joint

4 classifications of bones

long, short, flat, and irregular bones

bones are the what of the skeletal system?

organs

associated with aging process and can affect any joint; cartilage of the affected joint is gradually worn down, eventually causing bone to rub against bone

osteoarthiritis

both membranes (endosteum and periosteum) contain ..... and .....

osteoblasts (bone builders) and osteoclasts (bone destroyers)

bone cells are known as...

osteocytes

softening of adult bone due to vitamin D deficiency and insufficent calcium in the diet; weight bearing bones may fracture or bend; reffered to Rickets in children

osteomalacia

bone disorders

osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and arthiritis

double layered membrane which surrounds all bones

periosteum

bones provide ... for muscles

point of attachment

found in void spaces of spongy bone; produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

red marrow

autoimmune disease in which the bodys immune system attacks itself

rheumatoid arthiritis

bone breaks and doesnt penetrate skin

simple fracture

protect and support what in the body?

softer tissues such as skull, vertebrae, and ribs

ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn (strain- stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon)

sprain

common joint injuries

sprains, cartilage injuries, dislocations

articulating bones are seperated by a fluid containing cavity; freely moveable joints

synovial joints

2 types of bone marrow

yellow and red

primarily fills shaft of long bone; consists mostly of fat cells (adipose tissue); serves as energy reserve; can be converted to red bone marrow

yellow marrow