BOT 313 FINAL

dieocious

- Male and female gametes produced by separate plants

Caryophyllaceae characteristics

-"pinked" petals -simple. opposite leaves -free central placentation -swollen nodes

Chenopodiaceae characters

-Flowers small, inconspicuous, green, lacking petals. Plants often with mealy hairs. -kinda jointed -ugly

Rosaceae characteristics

-alternate leaves with attached stipules -hypanthium present -many stamens

Lamiaceae characteristics

-bilabiate -schizocarp of 4 nutlets -square stems -superior ovary

Myrtaceae characteristics

-glandular punctate leaves with aromatic oils -deciduous sepals and petals -many showy stamens -cup flower -trees and shrubs with glandular-punctate or pellucid leaves and usually epip-erigynous flowers with numerous stamens.

Asteraceae characteristics

-head inflorescence -determinate -calyx modified into dry pappus of scales, bristles, awns, or completely absent --Involucrate heads -pollen released by pushing through the center of an anther-Chaff, -palea= bract subtending the floret -phyllaries= bract subtending receptacle -flowers either bilabiate, disk, or ray/ligulate (heads of many taxa a mixture of central disk flowers and peripheral ray flowers),

Ranunculaceae characteristics

-many carpels and stamens -flowers lacking fusion -apocarpous gynoecium

euphorbaceae characteristics

-milky latex, if succulent they have spines - 3 forked stigmas, gland and appendages appear petal-like but real flowers apetalous - unisexual flowers with a superior, usually 3-carpellate ovary with 1 ovule per carpel, -apical-axile in placentation, t -he Euphorbioideae alone with reduced staminal flowers, some with a characteristic cyathium inflorescence.

Fagaceae characteristics

-oaks -alternate, simple, stipulate leaves -apetalous flowers in a catkin - monoecious (rarely dioecious) trees or shrubs with simple leaves (sometimes divided), - flowers unisexual and small -male flowers in catkins or heads , t -female at base of male inflorescences or solitary, with an inferior, multicarpel-late ovary -fruit a nut subtended by 2-many valved cupule bearing appendages.

Fagaceae

-oaks -alternate, simple, stipulate leaves -apetalous flowers in a catkin -female flowers in axils, cone like

solanaceae characteristics

-petals connate, rotate, tubular -5 stamens adnate to petals -connivent anthers syncarpous leaves simple, pinnate

Boraginaceae characteristics

-scorpioid cyme -appendages in corolla throat -ovary superior, unlobed or strongly (usually 4-) lobed,

Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) characteristics

-sheathing petioles -scented herbage -compound umbel or head-involucre of bracts subtending florets

Rhamnaceae characteristics

-simple leaves with stipules -clawed petals with cupped blades -stamens opposite petals -trees, shrubs, lianas, or rarely herbs with simple, spiral or opposite leaves, unisexual or bisexual -perigynous to epiperigynous flowers, the perianth/androecium 4-5-merous -nectariferous disk usually adnate to hypanthium -fruit a drupe, circumscissile capsule, or schizocarp.

Malvaceae characteristics

-stellate trichomes -palmate leaves -connate sepals -monadelphous stamens (filaments fused into a tube)

Crassulaceae characteristics

-succulent -#of petals = #of carpels -#of stamens= 2x #of petals -apocarpus -succulent leaves having CAM photosynthesis, -spiral

Aizoaceae characteristics

-succulent stems -petals derived from staminodes -ice plant -betalin flowers

Cucurbitaceae characteristics

-vines with tendrils - palmately veined - imperfect flowers - contorted stamen - fruit is a pepo -parietal placentation

Polygonaceae characteristics

-with or without ocrea -6 tepals -involucre subtending flowers -swollen nodes -simple spiral leaves -achene -gynoecium is syncarpous, with a superior ovary

Brassicaceae characteristics

1. Basal rossette and stem leaves 2. shaped like a cross 3. Tetradynamous = 2 whorls : 6 stamens with 2 short and 4 long 4. Thickened rim = replum which can also be seen as a "seam" in the fruit 5. Persistent septum between 2 carpels 6. Mustard oil glycosides and myrosin cells produce the peppery taste characteristic to broccoli, spinach, etc. ovary superior, 2-carpellate/loculate ovary, with axile-parietal placentation/

Fabaceae characteristics

1. Pulvinus = Leaves fold when moved 2. Gynophore = Ovary on a short stalk 3. 3 subfamilies - Mimosoidae (5 radial petals), Faboideae (5 petals, 1 banner, 2 wings, 1 keel), and Caesalpinoideae (5 petals haphazard) marginal placentation, the fruit a legume compound leaves -generally 10 stamens excent mimisoidae

ligulate floret

5 different appendages

Drupe

A type of fruit having a single seed enclosed in a hard layer and that is covered with soft, often juicy flesh, as in cherries and peaches.

monoecious

If staminate and carpellate flowers are on the same plant.

linear leaves

Long, straight leaves.

receptacle

The base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs.

bipinnately compound

a compound leaf divided twice with leaflets attached to secondary rachises

hypanthium

a cuplike or tubular enlargement of the receptacle of a flower, loosely surrounding the gynoecium or united with it.

pulvinus

a joint-like thickening at a leaf/leaflet base

catkin

a slim, cylindrical flower cluster, with inconspicuous or no petals, usually wind-pollinated but sometimes insect pollinated.

ligule

a small flap of tissue at the base of the upper leaf blade of grasses.

Synoecious

all flowers have both sexes (most common)

bilabiate floret

bilateral 5 lobes ligule present bisexual

keel

boat like petal in fabaceae

Chaff

bracts on the individual flowers i.e. palea

Radiate head

disk flowers surrounded by ray flowers

disciform head

disk flowers surrouned by a ring of filaform flowers

Ericaceae characteristics

evergreen shrubs (some achlorophyllous and mycotrophic), with coriaceous, linear-revolute to broad-flat leaves, a sympetalous corolla, urn shaped berries

peduncle

flower stalk

what is the dominant stage in ferns and friends

gametophyte

Myrtaceae characteristics

glandular-punctate or pellucid leaves and usually epip-erigynous flowers with numerous stamens. -cup flower

Ligulate head

head composed of ligulate florets only

discoid head

head that only has disk flowers not ray flowers

Plantaginaceae characteristics

herbs, rarely shrubs, leaves spiral to whorled BILABIATE flowers bisexual or unisexual, with 3-5 connate sepals and petals, 2-4 stamens, and a superior to inferior, 1-2 carpellate ovary, fruit a capsule, achene, berry, or schizocarp of nutlets.

phyllaries

involucral bracts

banner

large petal in fabaceae

pinnately compound leaf

leaf type with a divided leaf blade consisting of leaflets arranged on both sides of the midrib

palmately compound

leaflets radiate from one central point

scale-like leaves

leaves in the shape of small, flat or thickened triangles with little or no differentiation of a blade

Rachis

main axis of fern leaf

Papaveraceae characteristics

many petals and stamens syncarpous superior ovary parietal placentation

extrafloral nectary

nectar-secreting glands found on structures other than flowers, such as leaves

ray floret

one of the petal-like flowers arranged around the edge of a composite flower head -only female

the labellum is a flower part of the?

orchid

operculum

petal cap

indusia

protects sori; the small membranous, sometimes umbrella like covering of a developing fern sorus

filaform flower

radial 3-5 lobes ligule present

Betulaceae

samaras female catkins birches

phyllode leaf

shaped like a leaf

what is the dominant stage in gymnosperms and angiosperms

sporophyte phase

Cactaceae characteristics

stem succulent axillary meristems modified into areoles with leaf spines

Eriogonoideae

subfamily of polygonaceae- no ocrea -umbel surrounded by involucre

awl-like

tapering from the base to a sharp point

disk flower

the center of the daisy that contains many, tiny, tube shaped flowers 5 corolla lobes