Botany (Cell Organelles)

Grana

stacks of thylakoids

Cell Wall

strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria

Nucleus

A membrane-bound structure that contains the cell's DNA.

Primary Cell Wall

A relatively thin and flexable cell wall furthest outside that is first secreted by a plant cell

Golgi Apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Crista

An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.

Cell Membrane

Flexible protective membrane around all cells.

Dictyosomes

Groups of flat, roundish sacs, organized into stacks, Collecting and packaging centers for proteins and other molecules like, plant counter parts of Golgi apparatus.

Microfilaments

Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell

Tonoplast

Membrane surrounded the vacuole.

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Produces ribosomes.

Protoplast

The living material of a plant or bacterial cell, including the protoplasm and plasma membrane after the cell wall has been removed.

Cytoplasm

The protoplasm of a cell contained within the cell membrane but excluding the nucleus: contains organelles, vesicles, and other inclusions.

Nuclear Envelope

Two membranes that surround the nucleus.

Ribosomes

Where proteins are made.

Cytoskeleton

a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Microtubules

hollow tubes of protein about 25 nanometers in diameter, support the cell and moves organelles within the cell

Secondary Cell Wall

in plants, a strong and durable matrix often deposited in several laminated layers for cell protection and support.

Chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Vacuoles

saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Stroma

the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)

Matrix

the surface area exposed to fluids, where the production of energy takes place, in a mitochondrion

Thylakoids

A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy.

Chromoplast

Plastid containing pigments.

Leukoplasts

Plastid that lacks pigments.

Cisternae

Sacs within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi Apparatus

Nucleoli

Structures associated with chromosomes

Plastids

Term for plants involved either in making or storing food in pigments.