Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

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what time of gestation would a fetus need to be exposed to BVD for abortion occur

2-8.5 months

what time of gestation would a fetus need to be exposed to BVD for birth defects be produced

3-6 months

when should MLV be given to cows, bulls and heifers before breeding

30-45 days prior

how long should a producer isolate any new additions away from the breeding herd for

30-45 days, allow TI to clear infection

what days of gestation would a fetus need to be exposed to BVD to become a PI

40-120 days

Another common misconception of BVD is PI calves are thin, have rough hair coats and are poor-doers however _____% will appear normal

50

common misconception of BVD is that calves are PI because their dam is a PI, what % of calves come from PI dams

7

what percent of PI calves are a result of a PI female giving birth to a PI calf

<10%

a female (non-PI) becoming infected with BVD during days of 40-120 of gestation will result in a PI calf. This method represents what percent of PI calves

>90%

Reproductive problems, BRD, and immune suppression are associated with what disease

BVD

________ may become TI with reduced _____ and _________ semen

Bull, fertility, infected

what type of test is used for BVD

PCR

A PI female will always give birth to a ____ calf

PI

a person born with the flu virus and carries the virus until death, always spreading to others

PI

by vaccinating, your goal is to try to prevent ____ and ____

PI, TI

when bringing in non home raised pregnant replacements you want to know their ________ status and must test their _________ shortly after birth

PI, calves

to aid in control and prevention of BVD a producers should test all new additions for ____ status and __________

PI, isolate

a person with the flu virus-has the virus, spreads to other persons then becomes non-infected

TI

calves become _______, may develop ________ and ____________

TI, pneumonia, scours

What are the two genotypes of BVD

Type 1 and Type 2

methods of transfer

aerosol saliva tears reproductive fluids semen

what time of gestation would a fetus need to be exposed to BVD for the fetus to appear normal

after 5 months

how many doses of MLV should heifers receive before weaning to help prevent BVD

at least 2

which test sample is more accurate

blood

What are some congenital abnormalities that would appear at 120-180 days of pregnancy

cataracts hydrocephalus cerebral hypoplasia hypotrichosis-> no hair

____________ and _______ may become TI, results in reduced __________

cow, calf, fertility

BVD has the largest negative impact on what type of herd from a reproductive standpoint?

cow-calf

BVD infects the unborn fetus during days 40-120 of gestation -> fetus doesn't have a working immune system-> BVD is recognized as being normal -> calf's immune system never recognizes the virus as being foreign

creation of the PI calf

What are the two biotypes of BVD

cytopathic noncytopathic

The PI must be exposed to a _________ _______ of the virus to set off the mucusal disease

cytopathic strain

when bringing in pregnant cows the best way to prevent and control BVD is to test

each calf at birth

what two samples can you send in for the BVD test

ear notch blood sample

if a producers finds a PI in a new addition what should he do

eliminate it

A PI calf is constantly ____________ herdmates to BVD at all time

exposing

what are 3 ways BVD can enter a herd

fence-line contact with neighbors wildlife replacement females and bull

if infected with BVD during days 1-40 of pregnancy what is the outcome of the pregnancy

fetal loss

the key is to __________ and __________ PI animals and __________ make PI calves

find, remove, NOT

What other diseases typically have ulcers caused by mucus

foot and mouth vesicular stomatitis blue tongue chemical burns mature/poor forage quality

A PI calf has a _____ risk of dying early in life

greater

The PI calf with shed extremely _______ concentration of the BVD virus

high

a pregnant females fetus may become__________

infected

List the reproductive outcome possibilities of BVD

infertility Early Embryonic Death Abortion Produce PI Birth defects normal

why is there not treatment for BVD

its a virus, antibiotics don't have an effect

PI calves will contain a ______ amount of the virus in almost all tissues compared to TI

large

PI animals are the way the BVD is ____________ in cattle population

maintained

PI calves will result in __________ PI calves being made and delivered the next calving season

more

BVD is a __________ disease

mucosal

mouth, penile, and tongue ulcers are typical signs of what type of disease

mucosal

what are the two things a producer must do to control and prevent BVD

must keep PI and TI animals from entering the herd and must keep PI animals from being produced

If a calf tests negative for PI then it's mother must be

negative PI

Can you tell by just looking at a calf if it is PI

no

Is diarrhea a common sign of BVD

no

will a PI ever become non-infected

no

will a TI cow test positive

no

PI is from a _____________ BVD infection

noncytopathic

What is the treatment for BVD

none

how many operations who had tested during the previous 3 years had 1 or more PI calves

none

if exposed to BVD from 180 days to 280 days (parturition) what effect will there be

none

1 in 10 herds who had not tested calves for PI during the previous 3 years had at least ____ positive

one

immunosuppression will increase the risk of disease to other___________, especially ___

pathogens, BRD

PI

persistently infected

What is the most dangerous type of infected animal

pi

most vaccine claims "aid in prevention/reduction" of _____ BVD

reproductive

BVD misconeption is that the greatest cost associated with a PI calf is the death of that calf but what is the actual greatest cost associated with BVD

reproductive lost (lower pregnancy %, increased abortions, increased calf mortality)

where is the virus shed

saliva nasal excretions urine feces

PI bulls will shed high volumes of BVD in _____ thereby providing another method of exposure

semen

One common BVD misconception is that PI calves will be killed by a MLV vaccination, MLV vaccinations may cause a PI calf to become _____ or ______, but less than 100% are negatively affected

sick, die

TI

transiently infected

T/F BVD can directly cause pneumonia

true

T/F BVD can cause immunosuppression

true

to control and prevent BVD a producers should keep its cow herd well

vaccinated

how many PI calves live to be of breeding age

very few

can both TI and PI animals expose the herd to BVD

yes

does BVD prevent conception

yes

would a females cycle be slightly increased in length if infected with BVD and conception did not occur

yes

What percent live to be 18 months

~20%


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