Brewer Quiz + Exam Review

Which best describes language delays? A) "Language delays" mean that children are delayed in either receptive and productive language B) Language delays can only be properly diagnosed if no other intellectual or physical disabilities are present C) Children suspected of language delays should only be referred for services after the age of four D) All of the above are true

A) "Language delays" mean that children are delayed in either receptive and productive language

Teachers who are interested in whether their students have learned important core material should use what kind of test? A) Achievement B) Criterion-referenced C) Norm-referenced D) Screening

A) Achievement

The term "extensions" is BEST defined as A) Adults restating of children's communications to acknowledge content while modeling correct syntax B) Adults restating of children's communications to correct or expand on the information C) Adults responding to or adding on to children's communications D) Adults providing activities and situations that encourage children's creative use of language

A) Adults restating of children's communications to acknowledge content while modeling correct syntax

Head Start programs A) Are funded by the federal government and available in all states B) Are funded by state governments and available in selected states C) Are funded by parent fees D) Are no longer available in the US

A) Are funded by the federal government and available in all states

Yamina is teaching a unit on bugs. All of the children are sitting in a semi-circle around Yamina while she holds up large, detailed pictures of each bug and solicits student comments. Fred persistently shouts out answers without raising his hand, drowning out other comments. Yamina is most likely to use which behavior management system? A) Assertive discipline B) The Glasser model C) The Ginott model D) The Dreikurs model

A) Assertive discipline

Hallie wants her 3-year-old class to excel on the school's vocabulary test. To encourage vocabulary acquisition, she spends a large portion of the day naming or asking children to name different objects. When children answer her questions correctly, she gives them praise or a reward. This is likely to produce and increase in Hallie's instructional approach matches a _________ philosophy of language acquisition A) Behaviorist B) Linguistic C) Constructivist D) Inferential

A) Behaviorist

Ismerelda's classroom is set up with rows of tables and chairs, so that all of the children face Ismerelda's desk at the front of the room. Most materials are placed up high, out of children's reach. Ismerelda probably endorses which theory? A) Behaviorist B) Maturationist C) Montessori D) Constructivist

A) Behaviorist

Two dads are arguing about how to help their 3 year old children understand that hitting people is wrong. Jorge says, "You have to give children immediate consequences for hitting. When you punish them right away, children will learn that hitting is wrong." Brad says, "You can't teach children this age how someone else feels. You have to wait until kids get old enough to understand that other people feel the same way." 3) Jorge's explanation best matches which perspective on children's cognition and learning? A) Behaviorist B) Constructivist C) Maturationist D) None of the above theories would match this approach.

A) Behaviorist

Two parents are arguing about their son's language development. The mother says "in order for kids to learn to speak, they have to have a supportive person who will listen to what they say and provide a lot of encouragement". The father says "That's all fine and good, but kids really need to be told when they say something correctly or incorrectly, and rewarded for correct grammar" The father's statement is a _______ example of a model of language development. A) Behaviorist B) Linguistic C) Constructivist D) Social

A) Behaviorist

The term mistaken behavior refers to the idea that A) Children will not intentionally misbehave if they know the consequences B) Children most often misbehave by taking things C) Children most often misbehave because they misunderstand (mistake) other people's motivations or actions D) All of the above are part of this term

A) Children will not intentionally misbehave if they know the consequences

Traffic patterns refer to A) Children's movement throughout the school B) Children's movement on the playground C) Children's movement when riding tricycles or other wheeled vehicles D) This is not a term used in ECE settings

A) Children's movement throughout the school

Two mothers are discussing their children's preschool experience. Amelia says "Our teacher is wonderful, the classroom is full of writing and books and stories." Sarah says "if you like it, that's fine, but you have to teach children about letters to make them learn to read. Children need workbooks that practice letters and sounds. Labels on doors and windows don't really do anything." Sarah's philosophy would fit best with which other concept? A) Direct instruction B) Environmental print C) Emergent literacy D) Immersion

A) Direct instruction

For 3 and 4 year old children, math manipulatives should be A) Discrete objects such as blocks, cubes, or beads B) Segmented objects, such as Cuisenaire rods or Montessori rods, that show units within a larger whole C) Used primarily as a supplement for paper-and-pencil activities D) Used primarily in games, such as dominoes or dice

A) Discrete objects such as blocks, cubes, or beads

Early childhood physical education programs should A) Encourage the development of fundamental motor skills B) Should provide workouts that help children meet fitness standards C) Ensure that children learn basic sports rules D) Involve only activities that all children can do equally well

A) Encourage the development of fundamental motor skills

The fact that preschoolers can often communicate meaning while using inappropriate syntax shows that A) Function develops before form B) Form develops before function C) Function and form develop jointly D) None of the above, this fact demonstrates adults' skill at scaffolding children's language acquisition

A) Function develops before form

The development of realism in children's drawing is associated with A) Greater self-evaluation B) Increased creativity C) Improvements in sequencing and pattern matching D) Specific training in perspective taking

A) Greater self-evaluation

Unlike Piaget, Gardner's theory A) Highlights individual domains of cognition B) Sees children as actively engaged in the learning process C) Assumes that children's experiences promote their development D) Focuses on children's' ability to reflect on their own understanding of a situation

A) Highlights individual domains of cognition

Program evaluation measures emphasize the importance of environmental print. This corresponds to Cambourne's concept of A) Immersion B) Expectation C) Approximations D) Responsibility

A) Immersion

A Christmas card project is A) Inappropriate for most early childhood settings, because of the emphasis on a religious holiday B) Inappropriate for most early childhood settings, because crafts should be discouraged in favor of art C) Appropriate for early childhood education, as long as it is balanced by unstructured art activities and respect for diversity D) None of the above is true

A) Inappropriate for most early childhood settings, because of the emphasis on a religious holiday

Music instruction for preschool children should A) Include concrete materials as well as sounds/singing B) Focus on sounds and singing until children master auditory discrimination C) Should focus on recognizing and replicating musical notes D) Should focus on recognizing and replicating beats and patterns

A) Include concrete materials as well as sounds/singing

Which of the following is not an appropriate activity for early childhood physical education? A) Jumping rope B) Rolling down grassy hills C) Playing catch with balls of yarn D) Hitting a stationary piñata

A) Jumping rope

The term "emergent curriculum" means that group activities should A) Match the interests of the children' B) Provide maximum challenge to take advantage of children's emerging abilities C) Be selected and determined by children whenever possible D) Have a clear purpose and structure

A) Match the interests of the children'

Beth and Alex are both prekindergarten teachers, and they are arguing about when to introduce letter-sound matching. Beth says "You can introduce it at any age, as long as the child has had the necessary experiences to learn from that instruction." Alex says "You have to wait until the child's is developmentally ready, but if you wait too long it will be harder than introducing it too early." Alex probably teaches at a _______ school: A) Montessori B) Behaviorist C) Piagetian D) Vygotskian

A) Montessori

Autoeducation refers to ___________ idea that __________. A) Montessori's; children spontaneously organize information. B) Piaget's; children actively construct knowledge. C) a Behaviorist; reinforcement shapes behavior. D) Vygotsky's; spontaneous knowledge becomes integrated with scientific knowledge

A) Montessori's; children spontaneously organize information.

Teachers should limit the amount A) Of salt, sugar, and fiber in class cooking projects B) Of food that children eat, particularly if children are overweight C) Food groups included in any meal; no more than 2 groups should be included. D) All of the above are true

A) Of salt, sugar, and fiber in class cooking projects

Research on oral language and sound-letter matching suggests that A) Oral language improves phonetics but phonetics does not improve oral comprehension B) Phonetics improve oral comprehension but oral language does not help phonetics C) There is a two-way relationship, so oral language skills improve phonetics and phonetic skills improve oral language D) There is no relationship between oral language skills and phonetics

A) Oral language improves phonetics but phonetics does not improve oral comprehension

Which of the following best describes the relation between assessment and reporting strategies? A) Personal conversation (parent-teacher conferences) is generally the best strategy for helping parents understand their children's skills and abilities. B) More qualitative, open-ended assessments require parent-teacher conferences but quantitative measures such as test scores and report cards do not. C) Quantitative measures such as test scores and report cards require parent-teacher conferences but more qualitative, openended assessments do not. D) Personal conversation between parents and teachers are nice but usually not necessary to help parents evaluate their children accurately.

A) Personal conversation (parent-teacher conferences) is generally the best strategy for helping parents understand their children's skills and abilities.

Activities such as clapping the beats (or syllables) in a word, will promote A) Phonemic awareness B) Understanding of phonics C) The alphabetic principle D) Understanding of syntax

A) Phonemic awareness

Science exploration, as described in the text, is most like Piaget's description of children's activities during the ________ period. A) Sensorimotor B) Preoperational C) Concrete Operations D) Formal Operations

A) Sensorimotor

A soft, quiet area A) Should be available at all times of the day B) Should be centrally located and close to all curricular centers C) May be effectively combined with the dramatic play area D) Should be darker than the regular room and located away from windows

A) Should be available at all times of the day

Art education A) Should be considered a core academic subject B) Is mostly important as a method for fostering math and science understanding C) Is best used as a method for engaging children in language and literacy activities D) Best done outside of early childhood centers, is community-based programs

A) Should be considered a core academic subject

Based on the Strand model, fractions A) Should be introduced using manipulatives rather than written symbols. B) Cannot be understood until children have the concept of reversibility. C) Are related to understanding of reversibility D) All of the above are true

A) Should be introduced using manipulatives rather than written symbols.

_______ is most likely in preschool, while ________ is most likely in middle childhood. A) Symbolic play; rule-based game play B) Rule-based game play; practice play C) Practice play; symbolic play D) Practice play; Rule-based game play

A) Symbolic play; rule-based game play

The idea that children can learn failure refers to A) The importance of making sure that children feel successful with their activities B) Giving children lots of feedback to ensure that they do not practice the wrong response C) The fact that less-educated parents tend to have children who do less well in school D) The social-modeling influence of having low-performing children in the classroom

A) The importance of making sure that children feel successful with their activities

Science is best defined as A) The process of observing, thinking, and reflecting on events B) Understanding of facts and formulas C) Physical knowledge about the world D) All of the above

A) The process of observing, thinking, and reflecting on events

Which best describes the development of games with rules? A) They become appealing as children enter school and predominate play by middle childhood B) They are resisted by young children unless explained and enforced by teachers C) They begin when children grasp language and become more sophisticated as children age D) There is no stable pattern for children's engagement of rule-based games.

A) They become appealing as children enter school and predominate play by middle childhood

Two teachers are discussing outdoor time. Janice says, "Kids learn best when they are free to explore. We should give them time in the sandbox to do their own thing, because we can't know what concepts they are working on as well as they do." Monica says, "But they'll learn more and do more exciting things if we talk to them about what they are doing. We should help them plan and problem solve." Monica's philosophy best matches which theory of cognitive development? A) Vygotsky B) Piaget C) Gardner D) Behaviorism

A) Vygotsky

Yamina is teaching a unit on bugs. All of the children are sitting in a semi-circle around Yamina while she holds up large, detailed pictures of each bug and solicits student comments. Fred persistently shouts out answers without raising his hand, drowning out other comments. Yamina's teaching technique is known as A) direct instruction B) shaping of behavior C) scientific learning D) using key experiences

A) direct instruction

Because behaviorist programs emphasize _______ they are most effective at helping children master ____________. A) direct instruction; facts B) direct instruction; critical thinking skills C) behavior; social skills D) exploration; social skills

A) direct instruction; facts

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a teacher who is observing lots of misbehavior in her classroom? A) her curricula is unengaging B) there are lots of boys in the classroom C) the students are very young D) the parents have a different culture

A) her curricula is unengaging

As described in the text, the best music areas A) incorporate dance and movement B) are centered around a piano in a classroom where the teacher can play piano C) emphasize teacher-directed structured learning activities D) emphasize individual experience over group activities

A) incorporate dance and movement

Modern early care and education programs are A) intended to allow mothers to work B) mandatory in many states C)appropriate only for normally-developing children D) necessary for low-income children

A) intended to allow mothers to work

An integrated curriculum A) is part of DAP guidelines B) emphasizes direct instruction C) is not possible when schools mandate learning goals D) all of the above are true

A) is part of DAP guidelines

When assessing children's language skills, teachers must A) observe children in multiple contexts B) evaluate whether children demonstrate specific abilities and skills C) base their assessment on the information contained in the particular program used by their school D) all of the above are true

A) observe children in multiple contexts

When immersed in regular classrooms, ESL children A) often do better in mathematics than in literacy activities B) usually perform similarly in different subject areas C) often do better in literacy than in mathematics activities D) perform differently depending on their native language

A) often do better in mathematics than in literacy activities

For several years, John has had a security blanket which he carries everywhere. When John starts preschool, the other kids make fun of his blanket. After a few weeks, John stops carrying the blanket so the other kids won't make fun of him anymore. This is an example of: A) operant conditioning B) classical conditioning C) the zone of proximal development D) centration

A) operant conditioning

Your friend's 8 month old baby can babble, producing different sounds, but does not yet assign meaning to those sounds. We would say that the baby has competence in ___________ but not in ___________. A) phonology; morphology B) morphology; phonology C) syntax; morphology D) syntax; semantics

A) phonology; morphology

An anecdotal record A) provides descriptions of the child's activities B) lists stories told by the child C) provides stories made up for the child D) lists the teacher's opinions about the child's progress

A) provides descriptions of the child's activities

Infant's are in the _______ stage of Piaget's theory of development, and emphasize ________ play. A) sensorimotor; practice B) sensorimotor; construction C) preoperational; practice D) preoperational; construction

A) sensorimotor; practice

Measurement tasks for young preschoolers A) should focus on relative concepts of more and less B) should emphasize the use of standard measuring instruments, such as rulers C) should involve discussing different dimensions of the same object D) all of the above are true

A) should focus on relative concepts of more and less

Without instruction, children begin to sing at approximately A) 1 year old B) 2 years old C) 3 years old D) 4 years old

B) 2 years old

Jacob and Bethany are playing with parquetry blocks and patterns, using small triangle blocks to create larger shapes. Jacob and Bethany's activity is most appropriate for A) 3 year olds B) 5 year olds C) 7 year olds D) This activity is appropriate for any child during the early childhood period

B) 5 year olds

Children typically begin to engage in spontaneous games at about A) 3 years of age B) 5 years of age C) 8 years of age D) None of the above; there is no normative age for game-related play

B) 5 years of age

We would expect to see this use of perspective when children are approximately A) 3 years of age B) 5 years of age C) 9 years of age D) This is not based on age; children need instruction in drawing to develop perspective

B) 5 years of age

Language is best defined as A) Verbal communication B) A communication system used by humans C) A biologically-linked set of phonemes D) The linking of objects or events and logically related sounds

B) A communication system used by humans

Experimentation is best defined as A) Children's every day observations of their environment B) A refinement of children's every day observations of their environment C) A new skills which must be taught, so that children do not rely on everyday observation D) Activities that take place in a laboratory (or other carefully controlled) setting

B) A refinement of children's every day observations of their environment

Portfolios are A) One of the easiest forms of assessment in early childhood settings B) A technique for collecting complete information about children C) Usually more accurate and informative than standardized tests D) Often used inappropriately to evaluate teachers for "accountability."

B) A technique for collecting complete information about children

Curriculum is best defined as A) A mandated set of learning goals B) A written plan about activities to guide instruction C) A thematic web D) A set of measurable objectives

B) A written plan about activities to guide instruction

Creativity is fostered by A) Craft activities that guide children's understanding of how things in the real world (flowers, houses) should be represented B) Any opportunity to explore media in new ways C) Discussion of what makes "good" and "bad" artwork D) All of the above are true

B) Any opportunity to explore media in new ways

Corporal punishment is best defined as A) Spanking B) Any punishment involving physical contact C) Restriction of privileges or physical punishment D) Discipline in schools

B) Any punishment involving physical contact

Sheet music and written songs A) Are appropriate only for children in the primary grades B) Are an effective way to incorporate text into music areas C) Will be discouraging for preliterate children D) Are required for all music areas

B) Are an effective way to incorporate text into music areas

Children begin to use negatives in their verbal communication A) During the toddler years B) Around three years old C) During the kindergarten period D) None of the above; there is not predictable sequence in children's use of negatives

B) Around three years old

Research on the effect of art training for young children shows that A) Children who receive training develop representational art skills at a younger age B) Art training effects children's perceptions of art but not their production of art C) Children who receive training are more creative than children who do not receive training D) Art training has no effect on children

B) Art training effects children's perceptions of art but not their production of art

Beverly wants each child in her prekindergarten class to sign a "get well" card for the school director. Which of the following is most likely to prevent misbehavior during this activity? A) Waiting until children are seated for lunch and then asking them to each sign the card before lunch is served. B) Asking children to visit the card signing center during choice time, and reminding children who do not spontaneously visit the center. C) Passing the card around during group time. D) Bringing the card to outside time and pulling each child from play for a few minutes to sign the card.

B) Asking children to visit the card signing center during choice time, and reminding children who do not spontaneously visit the center.

Appropriate study of scientific transformations (such as mixing water and baking soda, or exploring a water-corn starch mixture) should A) Be done once (or infrequently), so children do not become bored B) Be done many times, so that children can recreate their experiments C) Be done first with adult direction, and then children should be allowed to explore the materials on their own to study D) Be avoided until children are in the primary grades and can appropriately record and understand these transformations

B) Be done many times, so that children can recreate their experiments

In early childhood math curricula, calculators should A) Be avoided, since they discourage children from using and understanding arithmetic B) Be explored but not used for arithmetic lessons C) Be encouraged as a useful aid in complex arithmetic D) None of the above; there is no clear guideline for the use of calculators

B) Be explored but not used for arithmetic lessons

The BASIC acronym suggests that social conflict is more likely at ALL BUT WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING times A) Arrival and departure B) Bed/nap time C) Schedule transitions D) Individual interaction with materials

B) Bed/nap time

Yamina is teaching a unit on bugs. All of the children are sitting in a semi-circle around Yamina while she holds up large, detailed pictures of each bug and solicits student comments. Fred persistently shouts out answers without raising his hand, drowning out other comments. Based on this example, Yamina probably endorses which approach to teaching? A) Montessori B) Behaviorism C) Constructivist D) there is no way to tell from this information

B) Behaviorism

Beth and Alex are both prekindergarten teachers, and they are arguing about when to introduce letter-sound matching. Beth says "You can introduce it at any age, as long as the child has had the necessary experiences to learn from that instruction." Alex says "You have to wait until the child's is developmentally ready, but if you wait too long it will be harder than introducing it too early." Beth is probably a teacher at a ________ school: A) Montessori B) Behaviorist C) Piagetian D) Vygotskian

B) Behaviorist

Projects like Mother's Day cards are A) Inappropriate for young children in any circumstances B) Best described as craft activities C) Best described as art activities D) Central to quality early childhood art instruction

B) Best described as craft activities

Which of the following best describes the use of books in early childhood science education? A) Books are not an appropriate part of early childhood science, which should use only active exploration B) Books are useful primarily for information about scientists, rather than science facts and principles C) Books are useful for teaching about all kinds of science information D) The text does not provide information about books and science

B) Books are useful primarily for information about scientists, rather than science facts and principles

Which of the following best describes the relationship between math and science study in early childhood education? A) Both involve study of concepts from the physical world B) Both involve logico-mathematical knowledge C) Both involve study of concepts from the physical world and logicomathematical knowledge D) Science involves study of the physical world while math involves logico-mathematical knowledge

B) Both involve logico-mathematical knowledge

Which of the following best describes the comparison between oral language and literacy development? A) Oral language develops through a series of approximations while literacy is a process of mastering specific, discrete skills B) Both oral language and literacy develop through a series of approximations C) Literacy develops through a series of approximations while oral language is a process of mastering specific, discrete skills D) Neither oral language nor literacy develop through a series of approximations

B) Both oral language and literacy develop through a series of approximations

Superhero play A) Is uncommon in school settings B) Can be used as the basis for discussion of social concepts, such as morality C) Should be discouraged at all times D) Is accepted as a normal part of child development

B) Can be used as the basis for discussion of social concepts, such as morality

Idiomorphs are best understood as indicating A) Children have phonological limitations indicating potential hearing or speaking problems B) Children have had unique semantic experiences C) Children are learning language in an atypical sequence D) Children are expressive speakers

B) Children have had unique semantic experiences

Which of the following best describes the role of child choice in Montessori programs? A) Children select their own activities and explore materials in their own way B) Children select their own activities but use materials according to teacher directions C) Teachers select activities but children explore materias in their own way D) Teachers select activities and how children use the materials

B) Children select their own activities but use materials according to teacher directions

Which of the following is the best strategy for handling snacks? A) Snacks should be discouraged, so children learn to eat properly at meal times. B) Children should be allowed to select from among different snack options and eat as much as they like. C) Children should only be allowed to eat snacks when they participate in snack preparation. D) Children should only have snacks that they bring from home.

B) Children should be allowed to select from among different snack options and eat as much as they like.

To encourage perceptions of autonomy when monitoring young children's group activities, A) Teachers should not enforce rules B) Children should have input in determining rules C) Teachers should utilize social comparison to highlight other children's self-control strategies D) None of the above, with young children compliance and socialization are more important than perceptions of autonomy

B) Children should have input in determining rules

What is an appropriate guideline for determining which measurement concepts may appropriately be introduced to your class? A) Preschoolers are not yet ready to learn about measurement B) Children's performance on conservation tasks shows which measurement concept they are ready to learn C) Preschoolers need training in conservation tasks D) Children of all ages should practice measuring and remeasuring quantities

B) Children's performance on conservation tasks shows which measurement concept they are ready to learn

When teacher's provide evaluative feedback about children's art work A) Creativity is likely to be increased, as children's representations become more sophisticate B) Creativity is likely to be reduced, as children become more concerned about external standards C) Creativity is likely to be unaffected, as it reflects an innate aspect of children's temperament D) Creativity may be reduced, but self-discipline will be increased

B) Creativity is likely to be reduced, as children become more concerned about external standards

Amy and Louisa have just registered their sons for kindergarten and are discussing the kindergarten entrance assessment that was part of the registration. Amy says, "I wonder if my son passed the test and can go to kindergarten?" Based on this, what kind of test does Amy consider the assessment to be? A) Achievement B) Criterion-referenced C) Norm-referenced D) Developmental

B) Criterion-referenced

Commercial phonics programs generally A) Facilitate language development by highlighting specific morphemes and phonemes B) Discourage language development by decontextualizing words and sounds C) Foster language development by encouraging adult direction and feedback D) Discourage language development by drawing children's attention to letters rather than semantics

B) Discourage language development by decontextualizing words and sounds

Two mothers are discussing their children's preschool experience. Amelia says "Our teacher is wonderful, the classroom is full of writing and books and stories." Sarah says "if you like it, that's fine, but you have to teach children about letters to make them learn to read. Children need workbooks that practice letters and sounds. Labels on doors and windows don't really do anything." Amelia's philosophy would fit best with which other concept? A) Direct instruction B) Emergent literacy C) The Montessori method D) Chomsky's LAD

B) Emergent literacy

Learning plans A) Should be clearly defined and teachers should follow them exactly to ensure student mastery B) Emphasize the idea that children acquire skills through multiple activities, across different lessons. C) Describe the content/information to be achieved, while lesson plans describe how that information will be presented D) Prohibit incidental learning

B) Emphasize the idea that children acquire skills through multiple activities, across different lessons.

Guided reading A) Emphasizes children's understanding of text read by the teacher B) Emphasizes teacher support for comprehension of text read by students C) Emphasizes recall and retelling of stories read as a group D) Emphasizes children's ability to guide younger children in understanding familiar stories

B) Emphasizes teacher support for comprehension of text read by students

The term kidwatching A) Emphasizes the principle that teachers should keep a hands-off approach to language development, interfering as little as possible in children's language B) Emphasizes the importance of observing children to constantly assess their language skills C) Emphasizes the importance of peer interaction in language development by describing an important way children acquire language skills D) None of the above are accurate descriptions of the term kidwatching

B) Emphasizes the importance of observing children to constantly assess their language skills

Good literature for an early childhood setting A) Provides engaging stories with simple, straightforward language B) Emphasizes the musical and poetic aspects of language as well as narrative stories C) Sets the stage for direct instruction about syntactic rules D) None of the above is true

B) Emphasizes the musical and poetic aspects of language as well as narrative stories

When children require special assistance, it is best to A) Use a pull-out program B) Encourage special teachers to come to the classroom C) Provide additional instruction after the regular school day D) Remove the children from the classroom in favor of whole-day special programming

B) Encourage special teachers to come to the classroom=

Beth says, "cookie, cookie!" and her teacher responds, "Oh, you want a cookie?" The teacher is using which language support strategy? A) Parallel talk B) Expansion C) Extension D) Fill-in

B) Expansion

Science activities for young children are best organized around A) Classification of similarities and differences B) Experiments that facilitate hypothesis testing C) Textbooks or integrated curricula D) All of the above are equally good foundations for science

B) Experiments that facilitate hypothesis testing

You have a selection of different types of rocks, in different colors and textures, and from different sources. You plan to have children categorize the rocks, first by appearance, then by texture, then by type of rock. As described, this would be an appropriate activity for A) Three year olds B) Five year olds C) Seven year olds D) All of the above; this activity is appropriate for any age child

B) Five year olds

Based on Piaget's ideas, recognizing the physical aspects of an object (such as temperature or texture) is A) Essential to logico-mathematical construction of relationships B) Generally ignored by young children doing math, because they focus on number rather than form C) A characteristic of a mental set, rather than inherent in the object D) All of the above

B) Generally ignored by young children doing math, because they focus on number rather than form

Jacob and Bethany are playing with parquetry blocks and patterns, using small triangle blocks to create larger shapes. This activity is likely to improve which math skill? A) Algebra B) Geometry C) Place value D) Measurement

B) Geometry

Healthcare A) Has always been incidental to early childhood education B) Has historically been central to preschool care, and should be still C) Has historically been central to preschool care but is now incidental D) Has differing importance depending on the social class of the children served.

B) Has historically been central to preschool care, and should be still

Children's understanding of hygiene and cleanliness can be increased by A) Using antibacterial hand wipes rather than washing hands B) Having teachers wash their hands before meals and naps, or after projects. C) Introducing these ideas in the primary grades, when children have more self-control and responsibility. D) Linking these ideas to visits to the hospital or other settings that show the consequences of illness.

B) Having teachers wash their hands before meals and naps, or after projects.

The book suggests that aggression is minimized by children's ability to identify their own emotions. This relates aggression to which of Gardner's types of intelligence? A) Intrapersonal B) Interpersonal C) Naturalistic D) Existentialist

B) Interpersonal

An individual's ability to understand his or her own goals, motivations and needs is part of their ________ intelligence. A) Interpersonal B) Intrapersonal C) Existentialist D) Logical-mathematical

B) Intrapersonal

Bringing money from different countries into class and letting children explore different monetary systems (e.g. dollars, yen, pounds) A) Will confuse ECE children, who cannot differentiate among these systems B) Is a good way to incorporate diversity in math instruction C) Will improve children's ability to use symbols to represent math concepts D) Is a good way to practice algebraic principles

B) Is a good way to incorporate diversity in math instruction

Reporting to parents A) Is a good idea, as long as it does not take time away from teaching B) Is a necessary part of teaching C) Is sometimes a good idea, but can sometimes cause problems for teachers D) Should only be done with the child's permission

B) Is a necessary part of teaching

Rough and tumble play A) Should be discouraged because it often leads to aggression B) Is a normal aspect of preschoolers' play C) Is less important than other types of play D) Will generally increase in frequency throughout the early childhood period

B) Is a normal aspect of preschoolers' play

Your school has a vegetable garden, and each spring the children work together to plant a variety of different seeds, weed and water the garden, and sample the results. Based on the idea of a learning spiral, this activity A) Is best limited to four and five year old children B) Is appropriate for all ages, but children should engage in more complex analyses as they get older C) Planting and eating is appropriate for all ages, but only primary grade children should be involved in the maintenance of the garden D) All of the above are true

B) Is appropriate for all ages, but children should engage in more complex analyses as they get older

No Child Left Behind legislation has A) No impact on early childhood since it emphasizes secondary education B) Is incompatible with developmentally-appropriate practice C) Uses valid tests that appropriately assess school effectiveness D) All of the above are true

B) Is incompatible with developmentally-appropriate practice

Singing is most likely to be effective and engaging if A) It is conducted by professional musicians or music specialists B) It incorporates instruments or recorded music C) It expands children's vocal range D) Children rehearse phrases and lines of songs until they have mastered them, then combine the parts into a complete song

B) It incorporates instruments or recorded music

Aggressive, superhero play is often illicit because A) It does not serve any developmental purpose B) It is discouraged by teachers and caregivers C) It rarely happens in group settings D) It is mostly children copying scenes from books or videos

B) It is discouraged by teachers and caregivers

Based on her ability to match a number and an object, but her inability to correctly produce the numbers "1," "2," and "3", we could make what conclusion? A) Louise is in primary grades B) Louise is in preschool C) Louise is receiving inappropriate math instruction, and should be taught rote counting. D) None of the above, individual children learn different skills at different times.

B) Louise is in preschool

Adults can best help children behave appropriately by A) Providing clear step-by-step instructions and giving immediate feedback when children misbehave B) Making sure that children know the rules and appropriate behaviors for the situation C) Drawing children's attention to other children's misbehavior D) Avoiding discussion of negative emotions (like anger)

B) Making sure that children know the rules and appropriate behaviors for the situation

According to the NAEYC/IRA position statement, which of the following can be an appropriate part of preschool curricula? A) Writing dictated words B) Matching letters and sounds C) Sounding out unfamiliar words D) All of the above are appropriate

B) Matching letters and sounds

Which of the following is true of electronic portfolios? They A) Can only include data from assessments like rubrics and checklists, but not real examples of student work B) May facilitate sharing information among teachers and parents C) Are limited by the file size requirements, so that teachers include less information D) All of the above are true

B) May facilitate sharing information among teachers and parents

Children with hearing difficulties A) Can usually participate in physical fitness activities without any adaptation B) May need special, visual cues for "start" and "stop" C) Often have great difficulty participating in group fitness activities D) May require physical therapy in order to participate in school activities

B) May need special, visual cues for "start" and "stop"

Hearing impaired children A) Can never participate in music activities B) May rely on visual aids rather than sounds to participate in music C) Should focus on motion rather than music D) Are less distractible during music than "normal" children

B) May rely on visual aids rather than sounds to participate in music

To ensure that activities are safe for preschool children, teachers should A) Not use heat (such as burners or electric frying pans) B) Monitor children's use of heat carefully C) Use heat only in one-on-one situations, with a single child at a time D) Let teachers use cooking materials while children watch

B) Monitor children's use of heat carefully

Throughout the academic year, classroom organization should A) Simpler, with fewer activities more focused on children's emerging interests B) More complex, with more choices for children to select among C) Remain at a similar, developmentally appropriate level D) Focus on larger group activities

B) More complex, with more choices for children to select among

Which is true of the relationship between room arrangements and children's activities? A) The physical arrangement of the room has no effect on children's activities. B) More open room arrangements encourage child exploration. C) More open room arrangements intimidate and discourage child exploration. D) Accessible play materials discourage child attention and learning.

B) More open room arrangements encourage child exploration.

Adult-student and student-student interaction is desirable in science education for young children because A) Adults can correct students errors B) More participants encourage multiple representations of the same information C) Peer interaction makes the activity more fun, while adult interaction makes the activity more educational D) All of the above are true

B) More participants encourage multiple representations of the same information

Research on reading instruction A) Has produced a clear consensus about appropriate instruction strategies for young children B) Must be analyzed according to the source and agenda of the author C) Are generally irrelevant because the research tasks are not the same as real-life reading tasks D) Is most relevant when it uses the same packaged curriculum as the teacher will be using

B) Must be analyzed according to the source and agenda of the author

Which of the following is most likely to convey the same information as a parent-teacher conference? A) Report cards B) Narrative reports C) Telephone calls D) Conversation when children are being picked up or dropped off

B) Narrative reports

Play is important in the primary classroom because A) It allows children necessary down-time from school work B) Open-ended exploratory play supports academic knowledge C) Teachers need to be able to observe children's performance in free play to develop behavioral baselines D) It is the best way to identify children with special needs

B) Open-ended exploratory play supports academic knowledge

Two teachers are discussing outdoor time. Janice says, "Kids learn best when they are free to explore. We should give them time in the sandbox to do their own thing, because we can't know what concepts they are working on as well as they do." Monica says, "But they'll learn more and do more exciting things if we talk to them about what they are doing. We should help them plan and problem solve." 10) Janice's philosophy best matches which theory of cognitive development? A) Vygotsky B) Piaget C) Gardner D) Behaviorism

B) Piaget

Antonio is probably in which stage of cognitive development? A) Sensorimotor B) Preoperational C) Formal Operations D) There is no way to relate his behavior to cognitive skills

B) Preoperational

Children with special needs A) Always require additional guidance B) Probably require additional guidance if they have cognitive or social disabilities C) Generally do not need additional guidance but do need greater access to resources D) Should not interact in social settings with normally-developing peers

B) Probably require additional guidance if they have cognitive or social disabilities

The Smiths are very worried because their daughter, Rachel, has been hitting other children in her playgroup. The Smiths go to see a psychotherapist with a Behaviorist perspective. Based on this approach to development, which explanation is the therapist likely to give for Rachel's behavior? A) Rachel is expressing unconscious aggression B) Rachel is getting something she wants by hitting other children C) Rachel needs to have someone explain why hitting is wrong, and what she could do instead of hitting D) Rachel does not yet have the cognitive maturity to learn why hitting is wrong

B) Rachel is getting something she wants by hitting other children

Instruction in logical thinking for kindergarteners should emphasize A) Hierarchical organization B) Recognizing simple classifications C) Comparing sets with words D) Using arithmetic to compare sets

B) Recognizing simple classifications

Self-evaluations are A) Never reliable or useful with preschool-age children B) Reliable ways of assessing children's current self-perception C) Reliable ways of assessing children's general self-concept D) Reliable ways of assessing children's ability

B) Reliable ways of assessing children's current self-perception

Conservation of classroom resources during science activities is important A) Because if too many materials are used, schools will stop allowing science lessons B) Respect for the environment and waste avoidance are critical parts of science education C) Children will be more careful, and therefore more safe, if they handle resources carefully D) It is necessary to make sure all the students have a turn to participate in science

B) Respect for the environment and waste avoidance are critical parts of science education

Which of the following is an example of the common kindergarten error of "overregularization?" A) Saying, "I go to the store yesterday" B) Saying, "I have two geeses at home" C) A girl calling all dogs "Harvey" (the name of her dog) D) Leaving out prepositions in verbal communication

B) Saying, "I have two geeses at home"

Bev is sitting with paper and pencil, using random letters to "write" her ideas about a picture she has drawn. When you ask her what she is writing, she says that the text describes the picture and reads it as "the bird is flying over the house to its nest." Which is the most likely explanation for her behavior? A) She probably has special needs B) She is probably a prekindergarten or kindergarten student C) She needs more specific instruction in phonics and spelling D) She probably has not had adequate exposure to text or books

B) She is probably a prekindergarten or kindergarten student

To encourage positive child attitudes, new and/or unusual foods A) Should only be introduced if they are part of children's cultural background B) Should be introduced in conjunction with familiar, well-liked foods C) Should be introduced once, and then repeated only if children responded positively D) Should not be introduced by teachers, only by parents

B) Should be introduced in conjunction with familiar, well-liked foods

Fire drills A) Serve no purpose because children cannot remember the routine B) Should be practiced regularly C) Are useful for teachers but not for children D) Are less important than teaching children to dial "911"

B) Should be practiced regularly

An individualized education plan A) Should be prepared for every child in your class B) Should be prepared for all special needs children in a class C) Should be used when the teacher or parent has a particular behavioral goal for a child D) None of the above

B) Should be prepared for all special needs children in a class

Computer software to teach math A) Is appropriate only for elementary school, not early childhood programs B) Should emulate manipulative experience C) Can provide valuable drill and practice experiences D) Is the best way to convey graphing and probability

B) Should emulate manipulative experience

Three and four year olds' study of living organisms A) Is limited to remarking on their appeal and dietary habits B) Should include the idea of developmental change C) Should emphasize health issues (such as pet care) D) Is generally fun, but not of educational value

B) Should include the idea of developmental change

Because measuring is an important component of the scientific process, early childhood science activities A) Should involve explicit instruction in standard measurement techniques (such as use of rulers) B) Should incorporate easy and accessible measuring techniques (such as scoops of pet food) C) Should rely on adult measuring as a model for future child proficiency D) None of the above; even though measuring is an important skill, it is too hard for young children

B) Should incorporate easy and accessible measuring techniques (such as scoops of pet food)

Anecdotal records A) Should explain and interpret children's behavior B) Should record different kinds of behavior in different contexts C) Are especially useful for children with behavioral problems D) All of the above are true

B) Should record different kinds of behavior in different contexts

Rubrics A) Can be easily standardized across classrooms and programs B) Should reflect key learning goals for the specific children and program. C) Are similar to checklists in recording success and failure D) Are best used to compare programs effectiveness across classes or sites

B) Should reflect key learning goals for the specific children and program.

Jorge and Beverly are building in the block area. Jorge says, "This can be the spaceport." Beverly says, "This will be the horse's stable." Based on this, their play is best described as Beverly and Jorge's play is best described as A) Practice play B) Symbolic play C) Games with rules D) Construction

B) Symbolic play

Guided play refers to the idea that A) Teachers should help children learn to play by narrating stories for them to act out B) Teachers can shape children's play by the materials they provide in the classroom C) Children with special needs will require additional assistance to engage in sociodramatic play D) Children from 3 to 8 should emphasize games rather than free play

B) Teachers can shape children's play by the materials they provide in the classroom

To facilitate children's use of learning areas A) Teachers should assign children to areas, so that each child experiences each area B) Teachers should use signs to help children understand area rules and limits C) Teachers should offer many areas at the beginning of the year, and then continue and elaborate only those areas which children seem interested in D) Teachers should keep the activities in each area constant throughout the year

B) Teachers should use signs to help children understand area rules and limits

Three year old children will be most attracted to songs A) That cover a broad range of notes and sounds B) That contain a repetitive chorus C) That tell a narrative story D) That have an unpredictable rhythm

B) That contain a repetitive chorus

The use of a quiet area where children can go when they are unable to control their behavior in a group setting best fits with this disciplinary model? A) Assertive discipline B) The Glasser model C) The Ginott model D) The Dreikurs model

B) The Glasser model

As long as children engage in physical activity for at least an hour per day, it is okay for primary children to skip recess and wait until after school to play on the playgroud A) This is true for all children in the primary grades B) This is false for all children in the primary grades C) It depends on the nature of the child's activity after school D) It depends on the health and nutrition of the child

B) This is false for all children in the primary grades

Juanna is a four year old girl. During activities, she follows directions and is often the first child to clean up or complete a project. However, she rarely talks and uses much shorter sentences than her peers. Which is the best teacher response in this situation? A) To refer Juanna to a psychologist for an IQ test or other assessment of a learning disability. B) To investigate Juanna's use of language at home. C) To work with Juanna using flashcards or other structured activities to increase her vocabulary. D) To require Juanna to verbally explain her activities, since she obviously has mastered the language in order to follow the directions.

B) To investigate Juanna's use of language at home.

To ensure safety, it is essential that teachers make sure that young children A) Follow scientific techniques for recording observations B) Use scientific techniques when smelling objects or chemicals C) Use scientific language for posing questions D) None of the above

B) Use scientific techniques when smelling objects or chemicals

Transitions can best be facilitated by A) Providing clear consequences for misbehavior during this time B) Using games to engage children's attention C) Scheduling relatively few, longer activities during the day so fewer transitions are necessary D) Recognizing that misbehavior is an inevitable part of early childhood development

B) Using games to engage children's attention

A child who draws "x-ray houses" A) Is in the preschematic stage B) Will probably repeat the same forms over and over C) Is probably between 2 and four years of age D) Will probably be self-conscious about showing his/her work to adults

B) Will probably repeat the same forms over and over

According to DAP guidelines, assessment of children should A) not be a regular part of classroom activities B) be used to guide future teaching C) be based on comparison with clear performance standards D) all of the above are true

B) be used to guide future teaching

Which of the following best describes the similarities and differences between Piaget's and Vygotsky's view of learning? A) both described children as little scientists, learning through self-directed experimentation B) both thought that children learned through self-directed experimentation, but Vygotsky placed greater emphasis on guidance and instruction C) both thought that children learned through self-directed experimentation, but Piaget placed greater emphasis on guidance and instruction D) both thought children learned primarily through instruction, but Piaget also thought children learned through self-directed experimentation

B) both thought that children learned through self-directed experimentation, but Vygotsky placed greater emphasis on guidance and instruction

Mandated goals A) can be ignored if the teacher feels that the goals are not developmentally appropriate B) can be incorporated into any curriculum approach C) are usually accompanied by a mandated curriculum approach D) are usually based on a skills approach, rather than a facts approach to curricula

B) can be incorporated into any curriculum approach

Kindergartens were originally designed for ___________ children because ________________: A) children about to enter elementary school; they needed to develop school readiness skills B) children 4 to 6 years old; they were transitioning from preoperational to concrete operational thought C) 4 year old children; they were not yet able to succeed in primary settings D) 5 year old children; they were ready for a reduced-hour primary class

B) children 4 to 6 years old; they were transitioning from preoperational to concrete operational thought

Which of the following is true of preschooler's understanding of money? A) even very young children use the numbers written on money to help them understand value B) children base their assessment of value on size rather than numbers, writing and pictures C) children frequently believe that coins are worth more than paper money D) children have difficulty differentiating the "head" and the "tail" sides of a coin

B) children base their assessment of value on size rather than numbers, writing and pictures

An office thematic play area (with desks, writing materials, adding machines, files, folders, coffee/snack equipment, and the like) would best be described as a A) simple unit B) complex unit C) super unit D) imaginary unit

B) complex unit

Play _______ belong in the school because it ___________. A) does not; distracts attention from direct instruction learning activities B) does; improves problem solving and creativity C) does not; improves creativity at the expense of problem solving skills D) does; allows children less restrictive play environments than the home can provide

B) does; improves problem solving and creativity

Effective science instruction for young children A) produces the desired product B) emphasizes children's understanding over their results C) does not present children with facts, only with experiences D) uses only autonomous child activity and does not include guided instruction

B) emphasizes children's understanding over their results

Although both are Constructivist, Piagetian theory _______________ while Vygotskian theory ______________. A) emphasizes individual differences; emphasizes universal trends B) emphasizes qualitative stages; emphasizes gradual changes C) describes development in continuous stages; describes development as discontinuous D) emphasizes the role of adults, emphasizes individual experimentation

B) emphasizes qualitative stages; emphasizes gradual changes

A learning plan A) is another way of describing a lesson plan B) emphasizes the integration of different skills into higher-order student learning goals C) should be prepared for a specific child or group of children, with their own learning style and skills D) all of the above are true of learning plans

B) emphasizes the integration of different skills into higher-order student learning goals

Punishment A) helps children achieve self-control B) encourages obedience to authority figures C) is the theory behind "time-outs" D) all of the above are true

B) encourages obedience to authority figures

Outdoor play A) is identical to indoor play B) has fewer limitations than indoor play C) should emphasize gross motor activities D) does not encourage symbolic thinking

B) has fewer limitations than indoor play

Making simple observations about objects or events A) is not science B) is an appropriate science activity for four year old children C) is only science when the observations are compared to scientific concepts or vocabulary D) is only science when two or more senses are used

B) is an appropriate science activity for four year old children

Which of the following is most important according to the direct instruction model? A) arranging the classroom so that materials are accessible and attractively presented B) monitoring children's specific responses and giving appropriate feedback C) allowing children some choice and self-direction D) ensuring that children understand the underlying concepts and principles of the academic task

B) monitoring children's specific responses and giving appropriate feedback

The ability to recognize and use the component sounds in words is called A) phonics B) phonemics C) whole language D) multisyllabic understanding

B) phonemics

Classroom activities such as creating a chart listing whether children like or dislike pepperoni pizza can be used to teach A) seriation B) probability C) measurement D) functions

B) probability

Shared reading A) is only appropriate for elementary school age children B) provides teachers with the opportunity to scaffold children's ability to make predictions C) complements reading readiness activities D) all of the above are true

B) provides teachers with the opportunity to scaffold children's ability to make predictions

You see a child's drawing, which contains a recognizable dog, house and tree. However, the dog appears to be floating over the tree. This type of drawing is called A) preschematic B) schematic C) primitive realism D) dramatic realism

B) schematic

Which of the following is not a category of activity used by the Montessori program? A) daily-living exercises B) scientific facts C) sensory experiences D) artistic/cultural materials

B) scientific facts

A person's ideas and feeling about their value as a person is called A) self-concept B) self-esteem C) self-control D) dispositional knowledge

B) self-esteem

Children from minority backgrounds A) should be allowed to use dialects in all settings B) should be instructed in the different language demands of different settings C) should be discouraged from using dialects D) should be instructed simultaneously in their own dialect and in Standard English

B) should be instructed in the different language demands of different settings

Sociodramatic play will be emphasized in a preschool classroom using which approach? A) facts B) skills C) subject-matter D) thematic organization

B) skills

Research on early childhood intervention programs A) provides conclusive evidence that early care and education has a positive impact on development B) suggests that constructivist care has positive social-emotional effects C) suggests that direct instruction has positive long-term academic effects D) provides conclusive evidence that early care and education has a negative impact on child development

B) suggests that constructivist care has positive social-emotional effects

When children use the order of words in a sentence to infer the meaning of a new word, they are using A) semantics B) syntax C) phonetics D) approximations

B) syntax

Which of the following demonstrates the cephalocaudal trend in prenatal development? A) there is a brief period of time during which the fetus has gills and a tail B) the fetus develops arms and hands before it develops legs and feet C) teratogens are likely to cause more severe damage early in pregnancy than they cause later in pregnancy D) hair appears relatively late in prenatal development

B) the fetus develops arms and hands before it develops legs and feet

Sex-role identification begins during the _________ period and is most rigid and stereotyped during the ________ period A) infant; middle childhood B) toddler; preschool C) toddler; toddler D) preschool; middle childhood

B) toddler; preschool

Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is best demonstrated by A) watching a child draw a picture of a cat B) watching an older brother help a younger sibling tie his shoe C) watching a mother dress her infant child D) watching two 4-year-olds play catch

B) watching an older brother help a younger sibling tie his shoe

Complex thematic play areas like an office unit (with desks, writing materials, adding machines, files, folders, coffee/snack equipment, and the like) are most appropriate for A) Toddlers B) 3 year old children C) 5 year old children D) This type of super unit is equally appropriate for all ages of children

C) 5 year old children

Which of the following is NOT true of the application of Vygotsky's theory to literacy? A) Children should actively explore text. B) Adults should provide whatever assistance is necessary for successful completion of an activity. C) Adults should direct children to appropriate activities. D) Literacy activities should occur in a natural context.

C) Adults should direct children to appropriate activities.

The book suggests that the guideline of "60 minutes of physical activity each day" is appropriate for A) Children in primary grades only; this is too much activity for younger children B) Children in preschool only; older children need less activity C) All children during early childhood D) Children who wish to prepare for team sports; other children need less physical strength

C) All children during early childhood

Examining cultural and/or historical differences in art is A) Not an appropriate part of art education for primary-grade children B) Appropriate, but not as important as other aspects of art education for primary-grade children C) An element of the learning standards for primary-grade children D) The most important part of art instruction, so that children can learn to evaluate art

C) An element of the learning standards for primary-grade children

Which of the following BEST describes group time? Group time is A) A necessary part of the school experience for children of all ages. B) Only appropriate for children 5 and older. C) Appropriate for children 5 and older, but should not be used for instruction until the primary grades. D) Appropriate for children 5 and older, but should only be used for conversation and never for instruction.

C) Appropriate for children 5 and older, but should not be used for instruction until the primary grades.

Games in which children copy each others' movements and/or patterns are A) Appropriate from about age 2, when children become interested in movement and music B) Appropriate for preschoolers C) Appropriate for primary-grade children D) Not appropriate at any age because they emphasize following directions over creativity

C) Appropriate for primary-grade children

Journals A) Are appropriate for children who are in the phonetic spelling stage or beyond B) Are problematic because they may emphasize cultural differences among children C) Are appropriate for children from any background and at any age D) May encourage young children's art skills more than their literacy, unless teachers limit drawing in the journal

C) Are appropriate for children from any background and at any age

Standardized tests A) Serve no useful purpose B) Are problematic no matter how they are used, but sometimes offer important information C) Are problematic when used for a different purpose than intended D) Are seen as problematic, but really are an essential part of the education process

C) Are problematic when used for a different purpose than intended

Constructivist literacy instruction suggests that A) Children will not be involved with text unless directed toward literacy activities by adults B) Children always need adult mediation to write effectively C) As children become skilled, they will rely less on adult assistance D) Reading to children will make them dependent on adults

C) As children become skilled, they will rely less on adult assistance

Jorge and Beverly are building in the block area. Jorge says, "This can be the spaceport." Beverly says, "This will be the horse's stable." Based on this, their play is best described as A) Onlooker B) Parallel C) Associative D) Cooperative

C) Associative

In order for an activity to be defined as play, it must A) Occur in an interactive social context B) Involve symbolic representation C) Be freely chosen by the participants D) Not involve adults

C) Be freely chosen by the participants

To provide a good and reliable assessment of children's mastery of the curriculum, portfolios should A) Focus on a single subject at multiple times during the school year B) Focus on the child's best work (e.g. ability at the end of the year) in many subjects C) Be organized according to the programs stated instructional goals D) None of the above are important in designing a good portfolio

C) Be organized according to the programs stated instructional goals

Which curricular approach utilizes direct instruction and clear feedback and reinforcement? A) High/Scope B) Montessori C) Behaviorism D) All of the above encourage direct instruction and feedback

C) Behaviorism

Two kindergarten teachers, Binyamina and Martha, are discussing their children's mathematical knowledge. Binyamina says, "My students clearly know more about math, because they scored higher on the district test than your children did". Martha says, "My students know more, because they asked me questions about why we were taking the test and what the numbers would tell me, while your students just did what you told them to do." Binyamina probably has ________ teaching philosophy, and Martha probably has a ________ teaching philosophy. A) Constructivist; Montessori B) Maturationist; Preoperational C) Behaviorist, Constructivist D) Mandated; Flexible

C) Behaviorist, Constructivist

Music instruction is similar to art instruction because A) Both can be eliminated if more time is needed for academics B) Both are best handled by specialists, rather than the classroom teacher C) Both offer children opportunities for self-expression D) Both are more closely related to language skills than mathematics

C) Both offer children opportunities for self-expression

Which of the following best describes the use of emergency drills (e.g., for earthquake or fire) in preschool settings? A) Only teachers should have such drills, because they may be too frightening for small children B) Only teachers will benefit from such drills, because small children will not remember them C) Both teachers and children should have regular experience with evacuation drills D) Neither teachers nor students need drills in most child care settings, because the group sizes and buildings are small and easily evacuated

C) Both teachers and children should have regular experience with evacuation drills

Outdoor play areas A) Serve different developmental needs than indoor areas B) Require less planning and supervision than indoor areas C) Can effectively incorporate dramatic play and art activities D) All of the above are true

C) Can effectively incorporate dramatic play and art activities

Which of the following is TRUE of referential and expressive language? A) Children learning sign language are more likely to use referential language than B) Children learning spoken language C) Children who use primarily referential language are more likely to be able to name household objects than children using expressive language D) Children who use primarily referential language are more likely to use idiomorphs than children who use expressive language E) All of the above are true

C) Children who use primarily referential language are more likely to be able to name household objects than children using expressive language

Two parents are arguing about their son's language development. The mother says "in order for kids to learn to speak, they have to have a supportive person who will listen to what they say and provide a lot of encouragement". The father says "That's all fine and good, but kids really need to be told when they say something correctly or incorrectly, and rewarded for correct grammar" The mother's statement is an example of a _______ model of language development. A) Behaviorist B) Linguistic C) Constructivist D) Social

C) Constructivist

Use of a thematic web corresponds to which model of early childhood education? A) Montessori B) Behaviorist C) Constructivist D) None of the above

C) Constructivist

Appropriate phonics instructions should A) Emphasize the rules of language before engaging with real-world text B) Use flashcards and mnemonic systems to ensure that children memorize letters, letter-names, and sounds C) Develop the alphabetic principle and phonological awareness D) Be the primary form of literacy instruction for emergent readers

C) Develop the alphabetic principle and phonological awareness

Which of the following best describes the role of drug abuse awareness in early childhood education? A) Drug abuse education should not begin until the middle primary grades. B) Drug abuse education in early childhood should emphasize simple strategies, such as "Just say no". C) Drug abuse programs should focus on altering personality characteristics associated with high-risk behavior. D) All of the above are true.

C) Drug abuse programs should focus on altering personality characteristics associated with high-risk behavior.

When first introducing a new science activity for three and four year olds, teacher should make sure that A) Activities are introduced to the whole group, as a group activity B) Children explore the activity in pairs C) Each child has his/her own materials D) There is no guideline for introducing new materials to prekindergarten children

C) Each child has his/her own materials

A four-year-old child using telegraphic speech A) Is likely to be a child with special needs B) Is likely to be a child newly acquiring English C) Either A or B could produce telegraphic speech in a four-year-old D) Neither A nor B could produce telegraphic speech in a four-year-old

C) Either A or B could produce telegraphic speech in a four-year-old

Programs to help children develop physical skills should A) Include structured practice in the specific skills targeted for that age in the physical fitness standards B) Make sure that children engage in physical games for no more than 30 minutes at a time C) Embed physical movements in meaningful activities whenever possible D) Focus on individual activities rather than group activities

C) Embed physical movements in meaningful activities whenever possible

Which of the following is the best way to help children develop observation skills is to A) Have children describe the appearance of different objects B) Provide children with engaging materials and let them explore the materials on their own C) Encourage children to compare different sensory impressions (sight, sound, smell, touch) of the same object D) Ask children specific questions about the characteristics of an object

C) Encourage children to compare different sensory impressions (sight, sound, smell, touch) of the same object

Multicultural education is designed to A) Reflect special aspects of each culture that are not seen in daily life B) Present culture so parents and families do not need to be involved in the classroom C) Encourage critical thought about social differences D) Allow staff to enforce their perspectives on children

C) Encourage critical thought about social differences

In order to help children develop positive self-esteem, teachers should A) Avoid focusing on individuals B) Focus on individuals often C) Focus on individuals only in positive ways D) Praise children as much as possible

C) Focus on individuals only in positive ways

Preschool children are more likely to participate in __________ if they have adult guidance. A) Practice play B) Symbolic play C) Games with rules D) Games of construction

C) Games with rules

Louise's teacher puts 3 cookies on the table and asks Louise how many cookies she has. Louise points at the first cookie and says, "one," points to the second cookie and says, "five," and points to the third cookie and says, "eight." This suggests that A) Louise doesn't yet understand anything about counting B) Has mastered the concept of "place value." C) Has mastered the concept of "one to one correspondence." D) Has mastered "rational counting" but not numerical order.

C) Has mastered the concept of "one to one correspondence."

Blocks A) Always require large areas for construction B) Have no academic purpose C) Have changing uses as children develop D) Should always be stored on carefully organized shelves

C) Have changing uses as children develop

Which of the following would be the LEAST effective literature-based language activity? A) Having children retell a story in their own words B) Having children act out a story C) Having children memorize words or characters from a story using flashcards or pictures D) Having children write their own stories

C) Having children memorize words or characters from a story using flashcards or pictures

Jorge has noticed that one of the boys in his 4-year-old class is unable to focus on his own activities and keeps interrupting his peers, disrupting story time and other group activities, and upsetting other students. Jorge wants to use operant conditioning to shape the boy's behavior. To do this, he needs ALL BUT WHICH ONE of the following pieces of information? A) How often the boy is disrupting the class now B) What reinforcers would interest the boy C) How often other children misbehave in the classroom D) An analysis of the components of the boys misbehavior

C) How often other children misbehave in the classroom

Lucinda's class is doing a project on time. The children are cutting out circles that she has marked on construction paper by tracing paper plates, and then pasting stickers of the numbers from one to twelve around the edges. The last step is to attach straws as hands. Lucinda's project is likely to A) Increase children's creativity B) Increase children's understanding time C) Increase children's ability to follow directions D) All of the above

C) Increase children's ability to follow directions

Review of influential individuals in early childhood education suggests that in the past 100 years, theorists and practitioners have A) Increasingly emphasized children's innate characteristics and aptitudes B) Decreased attention to assessment and screening C) Increased the emphasis on individual variation in the time and support required for development D) Decreased emphasis on academic and cognitive skills

C) Increased the emphasis on individual variation in the time and support required for development

The common preschool activity of providing instruction about the meaning of the "big hand" and the "little hand" on a rotary clock A) Helps children understand both time and geometry B) Is less appropriate than a digital clock, which shows the mathematical relationship among minutes and hours C) Is less appropriate than concrete measures of time, like an hour glass D) None of the above accurately describe instruction in time in preschool

C) Is less appropriate than concrete measures of time, like an hour glass

Physical fitness includes all of the following EXCEPT A) Balance B) Coordination C) Knowledge of sports rules D) Speed

C) Knowledge of sports rules

Mother's Day cards are A) Are an important part of a art curriculum B) May be included in early childhood as part of a holiday celebration C) Less desirable than general "caregiver appreciation" cards D) Inappropriate under any circumstances

C) Less desirable than general "caregiver appreciation" cards

Invented spelling is most likely to be seen when children are in the _______ stage of writing. A) Linear repetitive B) Random letter C) Letter name D) Transitional

C) Letter name

Two dads are arguing about how to help their 3 year old children understand that hitting people is wrong. Jorge says, "You have to give children immediate consequences for hitting. When you punish them right away, children will learn that hitting is wrong." Brad says, "You can't teach children this age how someone else feels. You have to wait until kids get old enough to understand that other people feel the same way." Brad's explanation best matches which perspective on children's cognition and learning? A) Behaviorist B) Constructivist C) Maturationist D) None of the above theories would match this approach

C) Maturationist

"Show-and-tell" group activities A) May be made more appropriate by ensuring that every child shares something B) Should be avoided because they turn in to "bring and brag" activities C) May be made more appropriate by providing teacher guidance about what to bring and say D) Are one of the central socialization activities in early childhood programs

C) May be made more appropriate by providing teacher guidance about what to bring and say

9) When children in a group have very disparate physical abilities (e.g., because some children have special needs or because the age range is large), teachers should A) Divide children into smaller, homogenous skill groups for physical activities. B) Have children do different activities, but allow the less-skilled children to watch the more skilled children and learn from their model. C) Modify activities so that all children can participate by adjusting the rules or the materials. D) Focus on building specific skills rather than on integrated physical games.

C) Modify activities so that all children can participate by adjusting the rules or the materials.

Ilene visits Ismerelda' room and criticizes it, saying, "it's good to explain how an activity works or how materials should be used, but children need to select their own work". Ilene probably advocates which theory? A) Behaviorist B) Maturationist C) Montessori D) Constructivist

C) Montessori

Classroom themes A) Must be changed every year as student interests change B) Should emphasize student interests over program goals C) Must accommodate available resources and learning goals D) Should correspond to the developmental domains

C) Must accommodate available resources and learning goals

Outdoor play spaces A) Do not need to be organized into different areas, since their primary function is to encourage gross motor activity B) Should remain constant over the school year, to provide stability for children's physical development C) Must correspond to children's developmental abilities D) All of the above are true

C) Must correspond to children's developmental abilities

Louisa says, "I have no idea how my son did on the test, because he was so tired. Last night he had a nightmare and couldn't sleep." Louisa is suggesting that her son's performance on this test is _________ assessment of ability. A) Not a valid B) Not a reliable C) Neither a valid or reliable D) Both a valid and reliable

C) Neither a valid or reliable

In traditional report cards, children are assigned letters or numbers. Some schools now use report cards that list a continuum of increasingly advanced skills, and mark the child's current subject mastery on the continuum at the end of each reporting period. The first approach is an example of ________ assessment and the second an example of ______ assessment. A) Norm-referenced; readiness B) Achievement: criterion-referenced C) Norm-referenced, achievement D) Developmental, readiness

C) Norm-referenced, achievement

The best technique for assessing children's literacy is A) Evaluation of writing on standardized worksheets B) Evaluation of writing as demonstrated in journals or similar activities C) Observation of children's reading and writing D) Assessment of children's ability to read out loud

C) Observation of children's reading and writing

Which teacher is likely to endorse the Strand model of mathematics? A) Both will endorse the Strand model B) Only Binyamina will endorse the Strand model C) Only Martha will endorse the Strand model D) Neither will endorse the Strand model

C) Only Martha will endorse the Strand model

Which of the following is NOT part of the "numbers and operations" concepts that the Strand Model advocates for preschool? A) One-to-one correspondence B) Counting C) Place value D) Single-digit addition

C) Place value

Sociodramatic play is best defined as A) Any play that uses an object imaginatively B) Any play that involves cooperative communication C) Play in which people act out fantasy roles D) Play which occurs in the thematic area of the classroom E) All of the above

C) Play in which people act out fantasy roles

Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between guidance and punishment? A) Both approaches are more concerned with altering children's behavior than with children's ideas B) Guidance emphasizes altering children's behavior while punishment seeks to alter both children's behavior and their ideas C) Punishment emphasizes altering children's behavior while guidance seeks to alter both children's behavior and their ideas D) Both approaches are concerned with altering both children's ideas and their behavior

C) Punishment emphasizes altering children's behavior while guidance seeks to alter both children's behavior and their ideas

The current move toward requiring children to have certain competencies before entering kindergarten is an BEST DESCRIBED as A) Achievement testing B) Developmental testing C) Readiness testing D) Screening

C) Readiness testing

Gross motor physical activity A) Should be kept outside of the classroom B) Requires a special location within the classroom, apart from other activities C) Requires a soft surface or mat in the classroom D) None of the above are true

C) Requires a soft surface or mat in the classroom

Research suggests that teachers have the most anxiety about teaching which subject? A) Language arts B) Mathematics C) Science D) Art and Drama

C) Science

Louisa continues, "Fortunately, it doesn't matter. The public school has to accept them because they are old enough. They only use to check if children have special needs." Louisa is stating that this test is a ________ test. A) Readiness B) Reliability C) Screening D) Standardized

C) Screening

Behaviorist approaches are most successful at A) Developing mental organization of sensation and perception B) Promoting scientific, academic knowledge C) Shaping behavior on specific activities D) Fostering conceptual development across all domains

C) Shaping behavior on specific activities

Teaching children to dial 911 A) Should wait until children are in the primary grades B) Cannot occur until children have mastered basic math concepts C) Should be part of all early childhood safety curricula D) Is the responsibility of the parent, not the teacher

C) Should be part of all early childhood safety curricula

Cooking projects for young children A) Should begin with children observing the teacher cook and gradually increase child participation as children's skills increase B) Should begin with fun snack foods like cake and cookies and gradually switch to healthier foods as children's interest in cooking increases C) Should begin with familiar foods and gradually incorporate new foods as children's familiarity with cooking increases D) All of the above are true

C) Should begin with familiar foods and gradually incorporate new foods as children's familiarity with cooking increases

IRA/NCTE standards for literacy development suggest that emergent readers should A) Read one genre until they have mastered that style of story, then be exposed to a new genre B) Should engage with texts presenting primarily familiar social contexts and cultural groups C) Should explore different technologies and forms of literature D) All of the above are true

C) Should explore different technologies and forms of literature

Children demonstrating egocentrism, according to Piaget's tests, are most likely to have difficulty with A) Social skills B) Verbal skills C) Social knowledge D) Dispositional learning

C) Social knowledge

Curriculum design must include ALL BUT WHICH ONE of the following: A) Consideration of program goals B) Assessment of student learning and program effectiveness C) Specific daily lesson plans D) Multiple instructional strategies to achieve each learning objective

C) Specific daily lesson plans

Book areas should A) Store books in a space efficient manner, so that the maximum variety of books is available to children B) Have a stable set of books so that children can practice their language acquisition skills by rereading books multiple times C) Store books so their covers are visible to engage children's interest D) Clearly identify books as easy and hard, so that students can easily select books appropriate for their reading level

C) Store books so their covers are visible to engage children's interest

Which of the following is a good strategy for helping children to resolve misbehavior and prevent future misbehavior? A) Time outs to allow children to calm down and think privately about the situation B) A clear and consistent system of consequences for misbehavior C) Talking to children about the causes of the problem and strategies for resolving it D) All of the above are equally good at promoting children's understanding of social interaction

C) Talking to children about the causes of the problem and strategies for resolving it

Today Amata had an incident report in her backpack, stating that she pushed another girl on the playground. Her mother says, "You are always pushing people," but Amata insists that she hardly ever pushes. The most useful way to assess how often Amata pushes her peers would be a A) Anecdotal record B) Checklist C) Tally D) Self-evaluation

C) Tally

Montessori's idea of "prepared environments" suggests that A) Child choice is not an important part of early childhood education B) Individual activities should be focused on specific content or facts C) Teachers should create activities with clearly defined instructions D) All of the above are true

C) Teachers should create activities with clearly defined instructions

Instruction in English as a second language will be most effective when A) It encourages children to acculturate to the "normative" American culture as rapidly as possible B) ESL children are sheltered from interactions with primary-English children C) Teachers use English terms to discuss children's culture of origin D) None of the above are appropriate strategies for dealing with ESL children

C) Teachers use English terms to discuss children's culture of origin

Which best describes the relationship between assessment and testing in early childhood? A) These terms are synonymous B) Testing is the most accurate type of assessment because it is completely objective C) Testing is a limited form of assessment because it reflects the child's abilities on a specific task at a specific point in time D) Testing refers to the use of standardized measures to rate a child in relation to other children while assessment refers to informal observation

C) Testing is a limited form of assessment because it reflects the child's abilities on a specific task at a specific point in time

The Reggio Emilia approach views the learning environment as A) Incidental to the relationship between child and teacher B) A factor to be overcome in shaping the child's responses C) The child's third teacher D) An uncontrollable aspect of every child's experience that will create individual differences in understanding

C) The child's third teacher

How would you evaluate the effectiveness of these two styles of report cards in communicating with parents? A) They are both poor methods of communicating with parents. B) The traditional, graded approach is more useful and informative that the continuum approach. C) The continuum approach is more useful and informative that the traditional, graded approach. D) They are both good methods of communicating with parents.

C) The continuum approach is more useful and informative that the traditional, graded approach.

Literacy is best defined as A) The ability to sound out familiar and unfamiliar words B) The ability to derive meaning from text C) The functional use of reading and writing D) The ability to interpret and retell stories

C) The functional use of reading and writing

Early childhood is defined by the National Association for the Education for Young Children (NAEYC) as: A) The preschool period B) The period from birth to age 6 C) The period from birth to age 8 D) The period from birth to age 10

C) The period from birth to age 8

Which of the following are appropriate reasons to select a classroom theme? A) The school or a teacher-supply store offers premade materials for the theme B) The theme worked effectively in prior years C) The theme is relevant to the community and/or season D) All of the above

C) The theme is relevant to the community and/or season

The true purpose of a time out is A) To punish children for their misbehavior B) To allow adults time to regain control C) To allow a child time to calm down D) To show the other children that misbehavior will not be tolerated E) All of the above

C) To allow a child time to calm down

Rational counting is best described as A) Understanding that numbers increase in magnitude B) Reciting numbers in their correct order C) Using counting to assess the size of a group D) Using counting to solve addition problems

C) Using counting to assess the size of a group

Yee Min loves her aunt's old dog. Whenever she visits the aunt's house, Yee Min sits with the dog, cuddling it, feeding it, and brushing its hair. One day her neighbor gets a dog, and Yee Min rushes up to cuddle it. The dog snaps at her, and Yee Min responds by avoiding that dog from then on. This is an example of A) disequilibrium B) assimilation C) accommodation D) metaknowledge

C) accommodation

The phrase "developmentally appropriate practice" means: A) matching activities to age-related norms B) ensuring that children master school readiness skills C) adapting activities to the individual abilities of the child D) emphasizing the children's exploration of the environment

C) adapting activities to the individual abilities of the child

Antonio is playing with clay. He rolls the clay into a snake, then slides the clay along the table saying "Hssss. I'm coming to bite you, I'm coming to bite you". This behavior is BEST DESCRIBED as A) an example of drama B) an example of the visual arts C) an example of the integration of different skills D) None of the above

C) an example of the integration of different skills

Children with special needs should A) not be exposed to writing until any delays in spoken language are resolved B) receive direct instruction and explicit evaluation about reading strategies C) be exposed to text but not direct feedback about their reading efforts D) be explicitly told what they can and cannot achieve

C) be exposed to text but not direct feedback about their reading efforts

Research on temperament suggests that A) children are born with innate differences in personality B) children's personalities are affected by their social interactions C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

C) both A and B

The phrase "emerging curriculum" refers to A) a teacher's increasing skill at planning for students as the year progresses B) parents' increasing understanding of the teachers goals as the year progresses C) changes in the curriculum based on children's interests and ideas as the unit progresses D) developmental changes in appropriate activities as children age and mature

C) changes in the curriculum based on children's interests and ideas as the unit progresses

Vygotskian theory suggests that A) mathematics is primarily spontaneous knowledge B) mathematics is primarily scientific knowledge C) concepts of number are spontaneous but the language of counting is scientific D) concepts of number are scientific but the language of counting is spontaneous

C) concepts of number are spontaneous but the language of counting is scientific

Montessori believed that children ______ knowledge while Constructivists believe that children ________ knowledge. A) construct; interpret B) memorize; assimilate C) copy; construct D) shape; learn

C) copy; construct

Jamie and Beth are playing school. Beth writes "AXOOVVvWRT" and shows her paper to Jamie. Jamie asks what it says and Beth answers "I went to the store". Beth is in the stage of writing development" To further Beth's literacy skills, a teacher should A) ask Beth to sound out the letters she wrote B) praise Beth's writing C) discuss Beth's writing with her by asking meaningful questions D) point out the errors and nonletters in Beth's writing

C) discuss Beth's writing with her by asking meaningful questions

When teachers are selecting children's literature for young preschoolers, they should A) select books with simple, concrete language B) avoid poetic expressions which may be confusing for young children C) emphasize narrative stories with interesting plots D) all of the above should be considered when selecting children's books

C) emphasize narrative stories with interesting plots

The Constructivist model of language development A) suggests that parents should provide additional motivators to help children learn language B) explains why children usually acquire the forms of language usually before the functions of language C) emphasizes the importance of social interaction in language development D) operates on different principles than the Constructivist theory of cognitive development

C) emphasizes the importance of social interaction in language development

Research suggests that corporal punishment _______ child aggression and _________ self-control. A) increases; increases B) decreases; increases C) increases; decreases D) decreases; decreases

C) increases; decreases

Invented spelling A) should be encouraged in children of all ages B) should be discouraged in children of all ages C) is a developmental stage which children will outgrow D) is a good assessment of children's phonetic understanding

C) is a developmental stage which children will outgrow

Children with developmental delays A) are unlikely to play B) play in the same way as their peers C) play like younger children D) play best with adults

C) play like younger children

Jamie and Beth are playing school. Beth writes "AXOOVVvWRT" and shows her paper to Jamie. Jamie asks what it says and Beth answers "I went to the store". Beth is in the stage of writing development. A) linear repetitive B) scribble C) random letter D) letter name

C) random letter

Which order correctly describes the development of children's play? A) onlooker, associative, parallel, cooperative B) solitary, associative, parallel, cooperative C) solitary, onlooker, parallel, cooperative D) onlooker, parallel, cooperative, associative

C) solitary, onlooker, parallel, cooperative

Which of the following does NOT contribute to reading comprehension? A) predicting B) sampling C) sound-letter matching D) confirming predictions

C) sound-letter matching

Preschoolers often successfully communicate while still using inappropriate A) phonology B) morphology C) syntax D) semantics

C) syntax

Which best describes children's acquisition of reading and writing skills? Children learn... A) to read text before they can write it B) to write letters before they can read text C) to recognize text concurrently with their efforts to produce it D) none of the above, the order of reading and writing depends on the child's experiences

C) to recognize text concurrently with their efforts to produce it

Which of the following best describes visual arts activities in early childhood education? A) Visual art experiences are less important than literacy and science activities. B) Visual arts should only be encouraged when children display particular aptitude or interest. C) Children need opportunities to paint or draw, but other media and activities are less important. D) All children need opportunities to experiment with diverse art media on a regular basis.

D) All children need opportunities to experiment with diverse art media on a regular basis.

Developmentally appropriate physical education A) Recognizes that children's motor skills develop in a stable sequence B) Recognizes that individual children develop at different rates C) Recognizes that both strength and flexibility are important indicators of physical health D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Factors to be considered in organization of space include A) Fixed elements such as windows, doors, and outlets. B) Space that can accommodate multiple uses. C) Water areas and activities that need water-access. D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Schooling strategies for young children with special needs are called "Individualized Family Service Plans." This name A) Emphasizes the importance of parents in the educational outcomes of very young children B) Emphasizes the fact that every special-needs child requires different educational approaches C) Indicates that both teaching and evaluation strategies must be planned D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Vygotskian principles suggest that science instruction should emphasize A) Experiences over explanations B) Familiar materials and activities C) Interaction with a adult or older peer D) All of the above E) None of the above

D) All of the above

During successful parent-teacher conferences, teachers A) Provide written documentation as well as verbal explanations B) Listen as well as talk C) Consider the impact of the conference after it is over D) All of the above are aspects of effective parent-teacher conferences

D) All of the above are aspects of effective parent-teacher conferences

The best technique for teaching personal routines is A) To talk about the purpose of different routines B) To make routines a regular part of class activities C) To have the teacher model good personal routines D) All of the above are good strategies

D) All of the above are good strategies

Traffic safety can be best taught by A) Taking children on walks. B) Providing children with toy roads and cars C) Helping children learn the indicators of an approaching car D) All of the above are good strategies

D) All of the above are good strategies

Baking cookies for parent night A) Can send inappropriate messages about nutrition B) Can help children feel valuable C) Can help children develop math concepts D) All of the above are true

D) All of the above are true

Effective art areas should A) Be near a sink or have water access B) Provide access to several different types of craft materials (e.g. markers, glue, buttons, construction paper) C) Accommodate the fine motor abilities of the children in the room D) All of the above are true

D) All of the above are true

Play corresponds to constructivist models of learning because A) Children are mentally active B) Children can apply their own experiences and ideas C) Children are autonomous D) All of the above are true

D) All of the above are true

Sociodramatic play A) Involves symbolic play B) Is associated with perspective taking and social skills C) Is strongly influenced by available props D) All of the above are true

D) All of the above are true

The spacing between learning areas should be A) Big enough to allow access by children with special needs (e.g. wheelchairs) B) Small enough to discourage large motor play C) Designed to facilitate easy exit in the case of emergency D) All of the above are true

D) All of the above are true

Which of the following best describes the influence of curriculum and room arrangement on discipline in the preschool years? A) Restrictions on movement will result in misbehavior B) Large open spaces in the classroom will reduce self-discipline C) Crossing traffic patterns produce conflict D) All of the above are true

D) All of the above are true

Lucinda's project is best described as A) An art project B) A craft project C) A science concept project D) An inappropriate activity for preschool settings.

D) An inappropriate activity for preschool settings.

Which of the following best describes obstacle courses? Obstacle courses are ______ for ECE, because A) Inappropriate; they are hazardous and can cause accidents B) Appropriate; they ensure that children will receive aerobic exercise C) Inappropriate; they encourage children to compare their performance to their classmates D) Appropriate; they are easily adapted for different ages and ability levels

D) Appropriate; they are easily adapted for different ages and ability levels

Cubbies, or other personal storage spaces, A) May be inside the classroom or elsewhere in the school. B) Are only necessary if the children are bringing their own food and extensive clothing or other materials to school. C) Can be shared by may children or assigned on a rotating basis. D) Are required for each child within the classroom.

D) Are required for each child within the classroom.

Discussion of medical procedures A) Has no effect on children's perceptions and anxieties B) Increases children's anxieties about shots and doctor visits C) Decreases children's anxieties about shots and doctor visits D) Can have different effects on children depending on their personal history

D) Can have different effects on children depending on their personal history

Snack time A) Is essential for 3 and 4 year olds but can easily be eliminated from programs for 5 and 6 year old children B) Is a necessary part of the schedule but not really a learning activity C) Should always be approached as a whole-group activity D) Can often be combined with curriculum on nutrition, self-care, or culture

D) Can often be combined with curriculum on nutrition, self-care, or culture

Which of the following BEST describes computers in early childhood settings? A) Computers should not be used in ECE because children have enough access at home. B) Computers should be used in all ECE settings because they are a necessary school readiness skill. C) Computers should not be used in ECE because software is developmentally inappropriate and mostly appealing to boys. D) Computers should be used in ECE in a collaborative way.

D) Computers should be used in ECE in a collaborative way.

After some discussion, Beverly and Jorge agree to build a train station. Beverly is assigned the task of building the terminal, while Jorge begins building the track. This play is best described as A) Onlooker B) Parallel C) Associative D) Cooperative

D) Cooperative

The term "learning centers" A) Is the preferred term for describing areas emphasizing particular activities B) Refers to super units including multiple media C) Is not relevant in modern classroom design D) De-emphasizes the importance of the incidental learning which occurs throughout the day

D) De-emphasizes the importance of the incidental learning which occurs throughout the day

Teaching children specific strategies for resolving social problems promotes: A) Social skills B) Verbal skills C) Social knowledge D) Dispositional learning

D) Dispositional learning

Which of the following best describes the study of winter phenomena, such as snow and icicles? A) It is an optional activity, only appropriate for children who live in climates where these phenomena occur for B) It is a desirable activity that is appropriate only for children who live in climates where these phenomena occur C) It is best for children who live in cold climates, but acceptable for other children with appropriate concrete examples D) It is an important activity for all young children and must include concrete examples

D) It is an important activity for all young children and must include concrete examples

Which of the following is not part of the role of the teacher in play? A) Elaboration B) Modeling C) Evaluation D) Motivation

D) Motivation

Water tables A) Do not require additional accessories B) Should be close to the floor so that children can sit on the floor and play C) Should always be used in conjunction with sand tables D) None of the above are true

D) None of the above are true

Which of the following best describes the use of sculpting media in early childhood education? A) Except in special cases, only play dough is needed B) Sculpting and modeling are not an important part of early childhood visual art instruction C) Sculpting and modeling should be introduced after children reach the schematic stage D) None of the above are true

D) None of the above are true

Which of the following accurately describes children with special needs? A) Children with developmental delays should always do art activities in small groups B) Most children with learning disabilities cannot participate in music activities. C) Repetition in drama or music should be avoided, because these children are easily bored. D) None of the above is true.

D) None of the above is true.

After reading the textbook, you now recognize that A) Standardized tests are never useful B) Anecdotal records are always biased C) Parent questionnaires always under represent children's difficulties D) None of the above; every assessment technique can be used effectively in some way

D) None of the above; every assessment technique can be used effectively in some way

Which of the following accurately describes appropriate use of abstract scientific concepts in early childhood education? A) Instruction should teacher children formulae and concept definitions, even if they don't understand the underlying principles yet B) Only abstract topics which have interesting observable effects, like electricity, should be included in the curriculum C) Teachers should first explain the abstract principle, and then allow children to experiment with related materials D) Only concrete effects should be emphasized for young children

D) Only concrete effects should be emphasized for young children

The assessment technique which can be used for the greatest number of different purposes is the A) Anecdotal record B) Checklist C) Time-activity samples D) Portfolio

D) Portfolio

Piaget described three aspects of learning. Which of the following is NOT one of the three? A) Aspects of the physical world, like texture and temperature B) Aspects of the social world, like language and belief systems C) Logico-mathematical principles explaining relations among object characteristics D) Probability principles explaining data analysis and fractions

D) Probability principles explaining data analysis and fractions

Children could be expected to begin decoding multisyllabic words in A) Prekindergarten B) Kindergarten C) First grade D) Second grade E) Third grade

D) Second grade

Drama experiences in preschool A) Should be limited to acting out scripted plays B) Should emphasize children's ability to follow scripts during structured activities C) Should combine scripted plays with other kinds of drama experiences D) Should not include scripted plays.

D) Should not include scripted plays.

Mathematics is BEST DESCRIBED as A) Synonymous with arithmetic C) The ability to use numbers in both written an oral form D) The science of numbers E) Logico-mathematical construction of mental relationships

D) The science of numbers

According to the text, Froebel's original Kindergartens C) Were designed to help teach reading to young children D) Used play as an instructional medium E) Used totally different instructional techniques than those in use today. F) Were designed to provide child-care while mothers were at work

D) Used play as an instructional medium

Reggio Emilia corresponds best to which theoretical perspective? A) Montessori B) Behaviorist C) Piagetian D) Vygotskian

D) Vygotskian

Which BEST describes water play in ECE settings? A) Water play should be avoided until children are at least 4, to prevent unwitting risk. B) Water play should be avoided until the teacher is sure that children understand all rules and can pass water safety tests. C) Water play is an essential part of ECE and should be included whenever possible despite the risks. D) Water play is an essential part of ECE and teachers must do whatever they can to minimize risk.

D) Water play is an essential part of ECE and teachers must do whatever they can to minimize risk.

Which of the following is true when scheduling activities for young children? A) Teachers should avoid passive activities whenever possible. B) Meals and breaks for gross motor activities can be rescheduled to accommodate special thematic units. C) Scheduling time for transitions will encourage children to misbehave. D) Younger children require shorter activities than older children.

D) Younger children require shorter activities than older children.

Which of the following does not emphasize the importance of children's real-world experiences? A) an integrated curriculum B) thematic organization of material C) incidental learning D) a subject-matter approach

D) a subject-matter approach

Which of the following does not belong in the science/discovery area? A) plants B) magnifying glasses C) broken toys and mechanical objects D) all of the above belong

D) all of the above belong

Children's desire to do things for themselves, in their own way (commonly called the "terrible twos"), corresponds to which stage of Erikson's theory? A) initiative vs. guilt B) trust vs. mistrust C) industry vs. inferiority D) autonomy vs. shame and doubt

D) autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Assessment of preschool-age children's literacy skills should include all BUT WHICH ONE of the following? A) children's writing efforts B) children's understanding of books C) children's ability to comprehend stories D) children's penmanship

D) children's penmanship

Diversity in the classroom population increases the importance of A) assertive discipline B) detailed and clear rules for behavior C) dispositional instruction D) congruent communication

D) congruent communication

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ______________the categorization of young children's disabilities because ______________. A) emphasized; disabilities are very stable over the school years. B) de-emphasized; labels do not offer any information on how to interact with a child. C) emphasized; labels help teachers understand how to interact with a child. D) de-emphasized; labels may not be helpful for young children

D) de-emphasized; labels may not be helpful for young children

Which of the following demonstrates the proximodistal trend in prenatal development? A) there is a brief period of time during which the fetus has gills B) the fetus develops arms and hands before it develops legs and feet C) teratogens are likely to cause more severe damage early in pregnancy than they cause later in pregnancy D) hair begins to appear relatively late in prenatal development

D) hair begins to appear relatively late in prenatal development

Two parents are arguing about their son's language development. The mother says "in order for kids to learn to speak, they have to have a supportive person who will listen to what they say and provide a lot of encouragement". The father says "That's all fine and good, but kids really need to be told when they say something correctly or incorrectly, and rewarded for correct grammar" Based on the above statements, which parent would be likely to endorse the idea of a Language Acquisition Device A) the mother only B) the father only C) both the mother and the father D) neither the mother or the father

D) neither the mother or the father

Research suggests that which schedule is most appropriate for kindergarten children? A) half-day B) full-day C) alternate-day D) none of the above, research is inconclusive

D) none of the above, research is inconclusive

Behaviorist theory advocates a ______ approach to elementary education, while Constructivist theory advocates a ________ approach. A) thematic organization; subject-matter B) facts; subject-matter C) subject-matter; facts D) subject-matter, thematic organization

D) subject-matter, thematic organization