britain

tribute

A payment of money, goods or labour on an annual bases of a token of loyalty and in return for a grant of semi independence

suetonius

A roman historian who wrote during the early imperial era of the Roman Empire including a set of biographies of 12 successive roman rulers

Tacitus

A roman senator and historian, this writer was worried about maintaining a balance of power between the roman senate and the emperors

Caligula

Also known as gaius, this emperor organized plans for the permanent invasion of britain

octavian

Another name for Augustus, generally regarded as the first and greatest of the roman emperors

Northern Gaul

Area in northern Europe with ties with Southern Britain (modern day france)

Celtic People

Descendants of people from Central Europe who moved to Britain and were living there when the Romans invaded and conquered the land

(Octavian) Augustus

First and greatest Roman Emperor who wanted to consolidate the Empire. Created the First standing army and the policy of non-intervention, nephew of Julius Caesar

London

Founded by Romans as a supply center shortly after invasion in 43 AD (Business center of the province)

Colchester

Founded by the Celts, it was the location that the Romans chose to establish as the seat of the imperial cult

Julius Caesar

He was a Roman General, later declared dictator ( 47-44 bc) he led and organised invasions between 55-54 BC

The Year of the Four Emperors

In 69 AD rebellion spread across the Roman Empire. During the year there were 4 different Emperors

iceni

In ancient Britain, a tribe that occupied the territory of present day Norfolk and Suffolk and under its queen Boudicca, revolted against the roman rule

Druids

Members of the Celtic priestly class in Britain and other parts of Britain

Gaul

Present day France

caledonia

Present day Scotland

69 AD

Queen Bondica's revolt against the Roman Falls; year that revolts occurred throughout the empire

Hadrian

Roman Emperor from 117-138 AD. His policy was one of consolidation rather than expansion

Claudius

Roman Emperor who successfully invaded and conquered Britain in 43 AD

Mark Antony

Roman general and friend of Julius Caesar who lost at the battle of actium in 31 BC

Civitates

Roman local government units used in Britain where local nobles formed councils holding local magistracies

Gauis

The emperor Caligula who ordered the invasion of Britain between 37-41 AD but stopped just short after of giving the orders to proceed

antonine wall

The northern most defensive wall built by antonius pius to protect roman britain from the celtic tribes in the area known as Scotland

Urbanization

The process during which there was a sudden growth of towns and cities

Caledonia

The roman name for the area which is present day Scotland

Aristocracy

The upper class of landowning people usually holding some sort of title

trinovantes

They inhabited the modern county of Essex and much of southern Suffolk. The first roman colonia in Britain was established within the tribal territories at colchester in AD 49

Lincoln & Gloucester

Urban centers founded by Romans grew into cities

43 AD

Year in which Claudius invaded Britain

55 BC

a failed attempt to invade Britain for the first time by Julius Caesar

Standing Army

a force of professional full-time soldiers garrisoned throughout the year

Hill-Forts

early earthwork fortifications built on the top of hills for the defensive purposes

Hadrian's wall

fortified defensive wall built by Emperor Hadrian to keep out the northern celtic tribes of scotland

Client Kings

method used by Romans to first govern Britain where they granted governing powers to local rulers

urbanization

planned concentration of population in larger centers producing growth of towns and cities

Severn & Trent

rivers on the east and west of Britain that established the northern boundary of Roman territory in Britain by 47 AD

Procurator Provinciae

the chief financial secretary of Britain who reported directly back to the Roman Emperor

Imperial Cult

the formal worship of Rome and the imperial family. The roman emperor believed to be a god

pax romana

the great extended period of relative roman peace and prosperity throughout the roman empire

picts

were a group of late iron age and early mediaval celtic people living in ancient eastern and northern scotland