BS-100 exam #3

What is the difference between passive immunity and active immunity?

Active: we stimulate immunity Passive: ready made immunity

Which type of lymphocytes is responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?

B lymphocytes

What is the difference between bronchioles and bronchi?

Bronchi are larger in diameter than bronchioles. Bronchi pass the air into bronchioles, whereas bronchioles pass it into alveoli.

What is the name of the condition in which wheezing occurs with breathlessness and a persistent cough, and yields yellowish or greenish phlegm?

Bronchitis

What are the 5 components of a reflex?

Receptor, Sensory neuron, Interneuron, Motor neuron, Effector

Which type of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system?

T helper cell

Where is the location of olfactory receptors?

They occupy a stamp-sized area in the roof of your nasal cavity, the hollow space inside your nose

What is the name of any substance that produces an inappropriate response of the immune system?

allergens

Which structure is the location of gas exchange between the inhaled air and the blood?

alveoli

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ______________ division of the nervous system?

autonomic

Antibiotics are most likely to be effective in the treatment of infections caused by which microorganism?

bacteria: Phneumonia, tonsilities, tuberculosis, botulism

What are the similarities between Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

both insulate neurons with a myelin sheath

Burning of carbon-based fuels can produce an odorless gas that competes with oxygen for binding to hemoglobin. Which gas is that?

carbon dioxide

Which condition results when the transparency of the lens decreases?

cataracts

Conscious thought is associated with which part of the brain?

cerebrum

What is name of the transparent covering of the front of the eye?

cornea

Where is the location of receptors for fast pain?

delta divers located in the skin

Which muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

What are the symptoms of botulism?

drooping eyelids. trouble breathing. nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps

What are the three meninges?

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater that surround the neuraxis

Which type of leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)?

eosinophils

During the ingestion of food or liquid, what's the name of the cartilage that blocks the opening to the trachea?

epiglottis

Describe the symptoms of Phase I of HIV infection?

fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores

During eye examinations, a test is done to monitor the pressure within the eye. This test is done to detect which disease?

glaucoma

Which activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?

increased blood pressure

List all the lung volumes that represent an individual's vital capacity.

inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory, and residual volume

During puberty, the increased production of testosterone in males causes the rapid enlargement of which structure of the respiratory system?

larynx

When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the ______________?

larynx

What is LASIK surgery?

laser eye surgery

Which part of the eye is affected by cataracts?

lens

Which type of WBC's is located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat?

lymphocytes

The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from which type of cells?

mast cells

What is the meaning of ventilation?

medical term for breathing

Where is the location of the respiratory control center?

medulla oblongata

Which part of the nervous system controls the respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure?

medulla oblongata

Which type of neurons (cells) transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs?

motor neurons

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are called ___________________?

neuroglia cells

The "blind spot" is associated with which part of the internal eye?

optic disk

Which division of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state?

parasympathetic division

Movement of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child is what type of immunity?

passive immunity

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body (alveoli, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchiole)

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchiole, alveoli

Some sensory receptors stop sending action potentials even though the original stimulus persists. What do we call this situation?

receptor adaptation

Which body fluid does not transmit HIV from human to human?

saliva

Which division of the nervous system provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?

sensory division

Skeletal muscle movement is controlled through which division of the nervous system?

somatic

What is the name of the hairs that extend from the tip of taste cells in taste buds into the mouth?

taste hairs

The central nervous system is composed of which parts?

the brain and the spinal cord

What occurs when bright light hits the eye?

the pupil decreases in size

What is the function of lymph nodes?

they constantly monitor the lymph for the presence of antigens