BSC 215 Test #4

A lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, draws out a sample of CSF from the subdural space around the spinal cord. True False

A lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, draws out a sample of CSF from the subdural space around the spinal cord. True *False* *subarchranoid*

A patient with an injured amygdala might be unable to __________. regulate body temperature regulate breathing inhibit inappropriate movements experience fear

A patient with an injured amygdala might be unable to __________. regulate body temperature regulate breathing inhibit inappropriate movements *experience fear*

All of the following statements are true with regard to the processing of pain stimuli in the central nervous system except: The perception of pain is called proprioception. The placebo effect is dependent on descending pathways from the brain that decrease the sensitivity of posterior horn neurons to incoming pain stimuli. The cerebral cortex has a great degree of influence on the perception of pain. The thalamus sends pain information to the sensory cortex for perception of pain, and to other areas for processing of the emotional and behavioral aspects of pain.

All of the following statements are true with regard to the processing of pain stimuli in the central nervous system except: *The perception of pain is called proprioception.* The placebo effect is dependent on descending pathways from the brain that decrease the sensitivity of posterior horn neurons to incoming pain stimuli. The cerebral cortex has a great degree of influence on the perception of pain. The thalamus sends pain information to the sensory cortex for perception of pain, and to other areas for processing of the emotional and behavioral aspects of pain.

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a __________. gyrus sulcus fissure furrow

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a __________. *gyrus* sulcus fissure furrow

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a: sulcus. furrow. fissure. gyrus.

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum is known as a: sulcus. furrow. fissure. *gyrus.*

An injury to the spinal cord is not possible below the __________. second thoracic vertebra fourth cervical vertebra second lumbar vertebra ninth thoracic vertebra

An injury to the spinal cord is not possible below the __________. second thoracic vertebra fourth cervical vertebra *second lumbar vertebra* ninth thoracic vertebra

Astrocytes and tight junctions create a barrier to viruses and bacteria known as __________. choroid plexues meninges the blood-brain barrier dural sinuses

Astrocytes and tight junctions create a barrier to viruses and bacteria known as __________. choroid plexues meninges *the blood-brain barrier* dural sinuses

Branching white matter inside the cerebellum resembles tree branches and is thus called the arbor vitae, which means "tree of life" in Latin.

Branching white matter inside the cerebellum resembles tree branches and is thus called the *arbor vitae*, which means "tree of life" in Latin.

Bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as __________. ganglia nuclei nerves tracts

Bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as __________. ganglia nuclei nerves *tracts*

Bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as: nerves. tracts. nuclei. ganglia.

Bundles of white matter in the cerebrum are known as: nerves. *tracts.* nuclei. ganglia.

Capillaries in the brain are unique from other capillaries as they have more tight junctions and limit endocytosis and exocytosis. True False

Capillaries in the brain are unique from other capillaries as they have more tight junctions and limit endocytosis and exocytosis. *True* False

Capillaries in the brain are unique from other capillaries as they have more tight junctions and limit endocytosis and exocytosis. True False

Capillaries in the brain are unique from other capillaries as they have more tight junctions and limit endocytosis and exocytosis. *True* False

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the __________. subarachnoid space dura mater pia mater blood-brain barrier

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the __________. *subarachnoid space* dura mater pia mater blood-brain barrier

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the: dura mater. subarachnoid space. blood-brain barrier. pia mater.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through the: dura mater. *subarachnoid space.* blood-brain barrier. pia mater.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the third ventricle will drain into the: dural sinus. choroid plexus. lateral ventricles. fourth ventricle.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the third ventricle will drain into the: dural sinus. choroid plexus. lateral ventricles. *fourth ventricle.*

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by __________ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into __________. dural sinuses; ependymal cells the cerebral aqueduct; arachnoid villi choroid plexuses; dural sinuses astrocytes; ependymal cells

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by __________ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations into __________. dural sinuses; ependymal cells the cerebral aqueduct; arachnoid villi *choroid plexuses; dural sinuses* astrocytes; ependymal cells

Cognition is best described as __________. recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli the ability to comprehend and produce words a reversible and normal suspension of consciousness encoding and storing learned information in our neural circuitry

Cognition is best described as __________. *recognizing, processing, planning, and responding to stimuli* the ability to comprehend and produce words a reversible and normal suspension of consciousness encoding and storing learned information in our neural circuitry

Dr. Ramos points to the third ventricle in Mr. Smithers' brain and asks what you would observe if this ventricle is blocked. A complete lack of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the fourth ventricle. A back up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral aqueduct. A backup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lateral ventricles. There will not be any observable changes because the brain tissue can absorb any excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that backs up in the ventricles.

Dr. Ramos points to the third ventricle in Mr. Smithers' brain and asks what you would observe if this ventricle is blocked. A complete lack of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the fourth ventricle. A back up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral aqueduct. *A backup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lateral ventricles.* There will not be any observable changes because the brain tissue can absorb any excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that backs up in the ventricles.

During development, the telencephalon gives rise to the __________. cerebellum cerebral hemispheres pons medulla oblongata

During development, the telencephalon gives rise to the __________. cerebellum *cerebral hemispheres* pons medulla oblongata

Fatal familial insomnia causes rapidly progressing dementia, and his family noted that Mr. Smithers often had difficulty remembering names and phone numbers, or where he had placed his keys. Which statement provides the best explanation of his behavior? His hippocampus is unable to consolidate immediate and short-term memory into long-term memory. Damage to the hippocampal neurons has increased the rate of long-term potentiation, leading to disruption of memory. The prion damage has disrupted the pathways that form non-declarative memories. His memory loss is a result of prion damage to the cerebellum and basal nuclei.

Fatal familial insomnia causes rapidly progressing dementia, and his family noted that Mr. Smithers often had difficulty remembering names and phone numbers, or where he had placed his keys. Which statement provides the best explanation of his behavior? *His hippocampus is unable to consolidate immediate and short-term memory into long-term memory.* Damage to the hippocampal neurons has increased the rate of long-term potentiation, leading to disruption of memory. The prion damage has disrupted the pathways that form non-declarative memories. His memory loss is a result of prion damage to the cerebellum and basal nuclei.

From which part of the developing brain does the occipital lobe arise? The telencephalon. The diencephalon. The hindbrain. The midbrain.

From which part of the developing brain does the occipital lobe arise? *The telencephalon.* The diencephalon. The hindbrain. The midbrain.

Heidi sustained damage to her spinal cord in a car accident. She has no difficulty moving her arm, but has lost some sensation in her arm. What part of her spinal cord must have been injured? anterior horn of spinal gray matter posterior horn of spinal gray matter lateral horn of spinal gray matter corticospinal tract of spinal white matter

Heidi sustained damage to her spinal cord in a car accident. She has no difficulty moving her arm, but has lost some sensation in her arm. What part of her spinal cord must have been injured? anterior horn of spinal gray matter *posterior horn of spinal gray matter* lateral horn of spinal gray matter corticospinal tract of spinal white matter

In the spinal cord, nerve tracts or funiculi make up the gray commissure white columns central canal gray horns

In the spinal cord, nerve tracts or funiculi make up the gray commissure *white columns* central canal gray horns

In the spinal cord, nerve tracts or funiculi make up the __________. central canal gray horns gray commissure white columns

In the spinal cord, nerve tracts or funiculi make up the __________. central canal gray horns gray commissure *white columns*

In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located? tentorium cerebri falx cerebri falx cerebelli tentorium cerebelli

In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located? tentorium cerebri *falx cerebri* falx cerebelli tentorium cerebelli

In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located? falx cerebri tentorium cerebri falx cerebelli tentorium cerebelli

In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located? *falx cerebri* tentorium cerebri falx cerebelli tentorium cerebelli

Motor learning occurs in the substantia nigra of the basal nuclei. True False

Motor learning occurs in the substantia nigra of the basal nuclei. True *False*

Mr. Smithers presented to a local urgent care center frequently in the last few months before his death complaining of insomnia. If Mr. Smithers underwent a sleep study, what types of brain waves would be most common in the EEG when he is trying to fall asleep and is frustrated that he can't? Theta waves. Delta waves. Alpha waves. Beta waves.

Mr. Smithers presented to a local urgent care center frequently in the last few months before his death complaining of insomnia. If Mr. Smithers underwent a sleep study, what types of brain waves would be most common in the EEG when he is trying to fall asleep and is frustrated that he can't? Theta waves. Delta waves. Alpha waves. *Beta waves.*

Perception occurs in the CNS and is a conscious awareness of a sensation. True False

Perception occurs in the CNS and is a conscious awareness of a sensation. True False

Perception occurs in the CNS and is a conscious awareness of a sensation. True False

Perception occurs in the CNS and is a conscious awareness of a sensation. *True* False

Sensory information from proprioceptors about joint and muscle positions are carried to the brain by the anterolateral system reticulospinal tract spinocerebellar tract vestibulospinal tract

Sensory information from proprioceptors about joint and muscle positions are carried to the brain by the anterolateral system reticulospinal tract *spinocerebellar tract* vestibulospinal tract

Sensory stimuli are interpreted and perceptions are formed in the __________. spinal cord cerebral cortex thalamus sensory neurons of the PNS

Sensory stimuli are interpreted and perceptions are formed in the __________. spinal cord *cerebral cortex* thalamus sensory neurons of the PNS

The brainstem connects the brain and the: ventricles. cerebellum. spinal cord. eyes.

The brainstem connects the brain and the: ventricles. cerebellum. *spinal cord.* eyes.

The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe of the cerebrum. True False

The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe of the cerebrum. *True* False

The cerebellum functions in __________. learning, memory, and personality the planning and coordination of movement biological rhythms homeostatic functions such as breathing and heart rate

The cerebellum functions in __________. learning, memory, and personality *the planning and coordination of movement* biological rhythms homeostatic functions such as breathing and heart rate

The endothelial cells of blood capillaries in the brain __________. have very few tight junctions are permeable to large, polar molecules such as proteins are not permeable to carbon dioxide and oxygen allow for limited endocytosis and exocytosis

The endothelial cells of blood capillaries in the brain __________. have very few tight junctions are permeable to large, polar molecules such as proteins are not permeable to carbon dioxide and oxygen *allow for limited endocytosis and exocytosis*

The enlarged superior portion of the brain responsible for higher functions is called the __________. brainstem cerebrum diencephalon cerebellum

The enlarged superior portion of the brain responsible for higher functions is called the __________. brainstem *cerebrum* diencephalon cerebellum

The hippocampus and amygdala are parts of the: caudate nucleus. limbic system. reticular formation. globus pallidus.

The hippocampus and amygdala are parts of the: caudate nucleus. *limbic system.* reticular formation. globus pallidus.

The hole in the spinal cord through which CSF flows is the __________. anterior median fissure central canal vertebral foramen intervertebral foramen

The hole in the spinal cord through which CSF flows is the __________. anterior median fissure *central canal* vertebral foramen intervertebral foramen

The hypothalamus integrates emotion, memory, and sensory information and sends it to association areas of the cerebral cortex. True False

The hypothalamus integrates emotion, memory, and sensory information and sends it to association areas of the cerebral cortex. True *False* *Hippocampus*

The inferior end of the spinal cord is the conus medullaris filium terminale posterior median sulcus cauda equina

The inferior end of the spinal cord is the *conus medullaris* filium terminale posterior median sulcus cauda equina

The inferior end of the spinal cord is the __________. filum terminale conus medullaris cauda equina posterior median sulcus

The inferior end of the spinal cord is the __________. filum terminale *conus medullaris* cauda equina posterior median sulcus

The majority of the cerebral cortex is: fiber tracts. white matter. cerebellum. neocortex.

The majority of the cerebral cortex is: fiber tracts. white matter. cerebellum. *neocortex.*

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are all part of the __________. diencephalon cerebrum brainstem cerebellum

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are all part of the __________. diencephalon cerebrum *brainstem* cerebellum

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata of the brainstem all arise from the hindbrain. True False

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata of the brainstem all arise from the hindbrain. True *False* *The hindbrain is the lower part of the brainstem, comprising the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.*

Where is the third ventricle located?

The narrow third ventricle is housed between the two lobes of the diencephalon.

The neurons responsible for hearing, language, memory, and emotions can be found in the __________ lobe. parietal occipital frontal temporal

The neurons responsible for hearing, language, memory, and emotions can be found in the __________ lobe. parietal occipital frontal *temporal*

The neurotransmitter orexin plays a role in __________. the regulation of metabolism the promotion of wakefulness body temperature regulation the promotion of sleepiness

The neurotransmitter orexin plays a role in __________. the regulation of metabolism the promotion of wakefulness body temperature regulation *the promotion of sleepiness*

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located inside _____.

The posterior root ganglion contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons.

The primary motor cortex of the right cerebral hemisphere __________. integrates senses from multiple different sources controls the motor activity on the left side of the body receives and processes sensory input controls the motor activity on the right side of the body

The primary motor cortex of the right cerebral hemisphere __________. integrates senses from multiple different sources *controls the motor activity on the left side of the body* receives and processes sensory input controls the motor activity on the right side of the body

The reticular formation is a collection of nuclei in the diencephalon. True False

The reticular formation is a collection of nuclei in the diencephalon. True *False*

The spinal cord lacks a portion of the dura mater known as the periosteal layer subdural space epidural space meningeal space

The spinal cord lacks a portion of the dura mater known as the *periosteal layer* subdural space epidural space meningeal space

The spinal cord lacks a portion of the dura mater known as the: epidural space. subdural space. meningeal layer. periosteal layer.

The spinal cord lacks a portion of the dura mater known as the: epidural space. subdural space. meningeal layer. *periosteal layer.*

The white matter of the cerebellum is known as: arbor vitae. vermis. cerebellar cortex. folia.

The white matter of the cerebellum is known as: *arbor vitae.* vermis. cerebellar cortex. folia.

What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube? brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum mesencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube? brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum mesencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata *forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain*

What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube? midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata mesencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

What are the three primary brain vesicles that form from the neural tube? midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata mesencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum *forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain*

What brain region is responsible for learning, memory, and personality? cerebellum cerebrum diencephalon brainstem

What brain region is responsible for learning, memory, and personality? cerebellum *cerebrum* diencephalon brainstem

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior? peripheral nervous system anterolateral system limbic system medial lemniscal system

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior? peripheral nervous system anterolateral system *limbic system* medial lemniscal system

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior? medial lemniscal system anterolateral system peripheral nervous system limbic system

What functional brain system participates in memory, learning, emotion, and behavior? medial lemniscal system anterolateral system peripheral nervous system *limbic system*

What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex? taste hearing vision equilibrium

What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex? taste hearing vision *equilibrium*

What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex? equilibrium vision taste hearing

What information is received by the primary vestibular cortex? *equilibrium* vision taste hearing

What is NOT a function of the reticular formation? memory pain transmission breathing sleep

What is NOT a function of the reticular formation? *memory* pain transmission breathing sleep

What is NOT part of the cerebrum? parietal lobe frontal lobe insula brainstem

What is NOT part of the cerebrum? parietal lobe frontal lobe insula *brainstem*

What is NOT part of the diencephalon? epithalamus thalamus medulla oblongata hypothalamus

What is NOT part of the diencephalon? epithalamus thalamus *medulla oblongata* hypothalamus

What is NOT part of the diencephalon? hypothalamus thalamus epithalamus medulla oblongata

What is NOT part of the diencephalon? hypothalamus thalamus epithalamus *medulla oblongata*

What is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe? primary auditory cortex primary visual cortex auditory association area primary somatosensory cortex

What is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe? primary auditory cortex primary visual cortex auditory association area *primary somatosensory cortex*

What is situated inferior to the conus medullaris of the spinal cord lumbar enlargement posterior median sulcus cauda equina cervical enlargement

What is situated inferior to the conus medullaris of the spinal cord lumbar enlargement posterior median sulcus *cauda equina* cervical enlargement

What is situated inferior to the conus medullaris of the spinal cord? cauda equina cervical enlargement lumbar enlargement posterior median sulcus

What is situated inferior to the conus medullaris of the spinal cord? *cauda equina* cervical enlargement lumbar enlargement posterior median sulcus

What is the correct pathway of development of the cerebellum? neural tube, diencephalon, cerebellum neural tube, midbrain, mesencephalon, cerebellum neural tube, forebrain, telencephalon, cerebellum neural tube, hindbrain, metencephalon, cerebellum

What is the correct pathway of development of the cerebellum? neural tube, diencephalon, cerebellum neural tube, midbrain, mesencephalon, cerebellum neural tube, forebrain, telencephalon, cerebellum *neural tube, hindbrain, metencephalon, cerebellum*

What part of the brain is responsible for cognition? hypothalamus cerebral cortex thalamus reticular formation

What part of the brain is responsible for cognition? hypothalamus *cerebral cortex* thalamus reticular formation

What part of the brain is the "boss" of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? hypothalamus pons basal nuclei thalamus

What part of the brain is the "boss" of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? *hypothalamus* pons basal nuclei thalamus

What part of the brain modifies the activity of upper motor neurons to produce voluntary movements and inhibit involuntary ones? premotor cortex primary motor cortex cerebellum basal nuclei

What part of the brain modifies the activity of upper motor neurons to produce voluntary movements and inhibit involuntary ones? premotor cortex primary motor cortex cerebellum *basal nuclei*

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality, the creation of an awareness of self, and the ability to recognize appropriate behavior? Wernicke's area parietal association cortex temporal association cortex prefrontal cortex

What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality, the creation of an awareness of self, and the ability to recognize appropriate behavior? Wernicke's area parietal association cortex temporal association cortex *prefrontal cortex*

What part of the motor pathway inhibits inappropriate movements? primary motor cortex occipital lobe basal nuclei cerebellum

What part of the motor pathway inhibits inappropriate movements? primary motor cortex occipital lobe *basal nuclei* cerebellum

What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain? posterior column anterolateral system spinocerebellar tract corticospinal tract

What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain? posterior column anterolateral system spinocerebellar tract *corticospinal tract*

What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain? posterior column corticospinal tract anterolateral system spinocerebellar tract

What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain? posterior column *corticospinal tract* anterolateral system spinocerebellar tract

What portion of the brainstem blends with the spinal cord after passing through the foramen magnum? midbrain hypothalamus medulla oblongata pons

What portion of the brainstem blends with the spinal cord after passing through the foramen magnum? midbrain hypothalamus *medulla oblongata* pons

What provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system? thalamus pons hypothalamus cerebellum

What provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system? thalamus pons *hypothalamus* cerebellum

What results when the corpus callosum is cut? communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres would be impaired communication between the brain and spinal cord would be impaired communication between a cerebral cortex in one hemisphere with other areas of the same hemisphere would be impaired communication within a single brain hemisphere would be impaired

What results when the corpus callosum is cut? *communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres would be impaired* communication between the brain and spinal cord would be impaired communication between a cerebral cortex in one hemisphere with other areas of the same hemisphere would be impaired communication within a single brain hemisphere would be impaired

What secondary brain vesicles form from the forebrain? metencephalon and myelencephalon metencephalon and mesencephalon diencephalon and telencephalon telencephalon and metencephalon

What secondary brain vesicles form from the forebrain? metencephalon and myelencephalon metencephalon and mesencephalon *diencephalon and telencephalon* telencephalon and metencephalon

What type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere? association fibers projection fibers corpus callosum commissural fibers

What type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere? *association fibers* projection fibers corpus callosum commissural fibers

What type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere? commissural fibers corpus callosum association fibers projection fibers

What type of fiber carries information from the frontal lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere to the occipital lobe of the same cerebral hemisphere? commissural fibers corpus callosum *association fibers* projection fibers

Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located? dorsal horn of spinal gray matter brainstem anterior horn of spinal gray matter motor area of cerebral cortex

Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located? dorsal horn of spinal gray matter brainstem *anterior horn of spinal gray matter* motor area of cerebral cortex

Where is the sensation of touch processed? primary somatosensory cortex, or S1 prefrontal cortex somatosensory association cortex, or S2 primary motor cortex

Where is the sensation of touch processed? primary somatosensory cortex, or S1 prefrontal cortex *somatosensory association cortex, or S2* primary motor cortex

Which brain nucleus serves as the body's "master clock?" basal nucleus lentiform nucleus suprachiastmatic nucleus caudate nucleus

Which brain nucleus serves as the body's "master clock?" basal nucleus lentiform nucleus *suprachiastmatic nucleus* caudate nucleus

Which lobe is situated posteriorly in each cerebral hemisphere? occipital temporal parietal frontal

Which lobe is situated posteriorly in each cerebral hemisphere? *occipital* temporal parietal frontal

Which of the following are NOT components of the blood-brain barrier? high numbers of tight junctions in brain capillaries astrocytes the meninges endothelial cells of brain capillaries

Which of the following are NOT components of the blood-brain barrier? high numbers of tight junctions in brain capillaries astrocytes *the meninges* endothelial cells of brain capillaries *The meninges are protective covering of the brain, but they are not part of the blood brain barrier.*

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? protect the brain maintain high intracranial pressure increase the buoyancy of the brain remove wastes from brain tissue

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? protect the brain *maintain high intracranial pressure* increase the buoyancy of the brain remove wastes from brain tissue

Which of the following should NOT cross the blood-brain barrier with ease? glucose carbon dioxide large, polar molecules lipid-based molecules

Which of the following should NOT cross the blood-brain barrier with ease? glucose carbon dioxide *large, polar molecules* lipid-based molecules

Which of the following should NOT cross the blood-brain barrier with ease? glucose lipid-based molecules carbon dioxide large, polar molecules

Which of the following should NOT cross the blood-brain barrier with ease? glucose lipid-based molecules carbon dioxide *large, polar molecules*

Which of the following statements most accurately describes how Mr. Smithers would walk if he had suffered a stroke that damaged his cerebellum? Mr. Smithers would walk normally, as the cerebellum has no effect on skeletal muscle activity. Mr. Smithers would walk normally with only occasional missteps because he was unable to tell where his lower extremities were in space. Mr. Smithers would be unable to walk due to paralysis of his legs. Mr. Smithers would exhibit an abnormally wide stance with noticeable staggering and uncoordinated movement.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes how Mr. Smithers would walk if he had suffered a stroke that damaged his cerebellum? Mr. Smithers would walk normally, as the cerebellum has no effect on skeletal muscle activity. Mr. Smithers would walk normally with only occasional missteps because he was unable to tell where his lower extremities were in space. Mr. Smithers would be unable to walk due to paralysis of his legs. *Mr. Smithers would exhibit an abnormally wide stance with noticeable staggering and uncoordinated movement.*

Which of the following structures in the spinal cord could cause motor impairment if damaged? The posterior roots of the spinal nerve. The posterior horns of the gray matter. The ventral horns in the gray matter. The ascending tracts of white matter.

Which of the following structures in the spinal cord could cause motor impairment if damaged? The posterior roots of the spinal nerve. The posterior horns of the gray matter. *The ventral horns in the gray matter.* The ascending tracts of white matter.

Which special sense does NOT travel through the thalamus at any point in its transmission? vision hearing olfaction gustation

Which special sense does NOT travel through the thalamus at any point in its transmission? vision hearing *olfaction* gustation

While it appeared that Mr. Smithers did not consume alcohol during the day, his immediate family confirmed that he did drink each evening to combat chronic insomnia that had developed during the last 8 months of his life. Which structure may not have functioned properly to cause Mr. While it appeared that Mr. Smithers did not consume alcohol during the day, his immediate family confirmed that he did drink each evening to combat chronic insomnia that had developed during the last 8 months of his life. Which structure may not have functioned properly to cause Mr. Smithers' insomnia? The reticular formation. The cerebellum. The corticospinal tracts. The limbic system.

While it appeared that Mr. Smithers did not consume alcohol during the day, his immediate family confirmed that he did drink each evening to combat chronic insomnia that had developed during the last 8 months of his life. Which structure may not have functioned properly to cause Mr. While it appeared that Mr. Smithers did not consume alcohol during the day, his immediate family confirmed that he did drink each evening to combat chronic insomnia that had developed during the last 8 months of his life. Which structure may not have functioned properly to cause Mr. Smithers' insomnia? *The reticular formation.* The cerebellum. The corticospinal tracts. The limbic system.

While observing a cross section of the spinal cord under the microscope, you notice a butterfly-shaped area on the inside. You would identify this as the __________. gray matter central canal spinal meninges white matter

While observing a cross section of the spinal cord under the microscope, you notice a butterfly-shaped area on the inside. You would identify this as the __________. *gray matter* central canal spinal meninges white matter

You reached into the freezer to grab a piece of ice. Temperature information is carried to the brain by the posterior columns of white matter in the spinal cord. True False

You reached into the freezer to grab a piece of ice. Temperature information is carried to the brain by the posterior columns of white matter in the spinal cord. True *False*

You've looked for your keys for the past ten minutes in several different places. The ability to keep track of the places you've already looked is stored in __________. immediate memory long-term memory long-term potentiation (LTP) short-term (working) memory

You've looked for your keys for the past ten minutes in several different places. The ability to keep track of the places you've already looked is stored in __________. *immediate memory* long-term memory long-term potentiation (LTP) short-term (working) memory