BSC2010 Chapter 4 Quiz

Which are prokaryotic vs eukaryotic?: Bacteria Giraffe Bumblebee Achaea Mushroom Tulip

All are prokaryotic except for Bacteria and Archaea

Which statement correctly describes the hereditary information of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? a. Prokaryotic chromosomes are made of RNA, while eukaryotic chromosomes are made of DNA. b. Prokaryotic DNA is organized into many small chromosomes, while eukaryotic DNA is organized into a single large chromosome. c. Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular and contained within the nucleolus, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and contained within the nucleus. d. Prokaryotic DNA is located next to ribosomes and the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic chromosomes are isolated inside a membrane-bound compartment. e. Prokaryotic chromosomes are tightly associated with glycoproteins and lipids, while eukaryotic chromosomes are organized around histone proteins.

Prokaryotic DNA is located next to ribosomes and the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic chromosomes are isolated inside a membrane-bound compartment. https://youtu.be/FXXc8dW1HDE

Which statement does not correctly describe the mitochondria? a. The primary function is energy production be cellular respiration. b. The innermost compartment of the mitochondria is separated from the cell's cytoplasm by two phospholipid bilayers. c. Proteins are synthesized within the matrix. d. Small circular chromosomes are located between the inner and outer membrane.

Small circular chromosomes are located between the inner and outer membrane.

Select all of the TRUE statements about the cytoskeleton: The cytoskeleton surrounds each cellular organelle and functions to control passage into and out of each organelle. Some forms of the cytoskeleton extend beyond the cytoplasm and assist in extracellular movement (i.e. movement of the entire cell). The cytoskeleton can be found in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton is composed of a variety of protein polymers and it can assist in the organization of the cellular components inside the cytoplasm. Some portions of the cytoskeleton are made of cellulose and provide a rigid layer of protection around plant and animal cells. The cytoskeleton plays a critical role in the transport of molecules within the cytoplasm.

The cytoskeleton is composed of a variety of protein polymers and it can assist in the organization of the cellular components inside the cytoplasm. The cytoskeleton plays a critical role in the transport of molecules within the cytoplasm. Some forms of the cytoskeleton extend beyond the cytoplasm and assist in extracellular movement (i.e. movement of the entire cell). The cytoskeleton can be found in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. https://youtu.be/9FoTskDu6vk

Which statement does not accurately describe evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory? _____________________ Hint: Endosymbiotic Theory (Links to an external site.)video The chromosomes found inside mitochondria and chloroplast are similiar in structure to prokaryotic chromsomes. Ribosomes located within these organelles provide the ability for some proteins to be synthesized independently of the rest of the cell. The innermost compartments of the mitochondria and chloroplasts are separated from the cytoplasm by more than one phospholipid bilayer. The mitochondria and chloroplast coordinate their replication with the multiplication of the other cell components.

The mitochondria and chloroplast coordinate their replication with the multiplication of the other cell components. https://youtu.be/_ZfUkt8aL9Q The mitochondria and chloroplast are considered "semi-autonomous". This means that they are fairly independent from the rest of the cell. This is often cited as evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory.

Which of the following statements accurately describes why an animal cell would be surrounded by an extra cellular matrix instead of a cell wall? a. The polysaccharide cellulose that is found in the cell wall is a carbohydrate, and as such, the cell wall would be quickly digested by the animal cell's mitochondria. b. Cell walls are rigid (i.e. not flexible), and this prevents the growth and development of multicellular organisms. c. Animal cells require a constant supply of water, and the presence of a cell wall would prevent water uptake. d. The presence of the cell wall would prevent animal cells from changing shape. This is necessary for animal movement. e. A cell wall would completely isolate the neighboring cells that are found within multicellular organisms, and because of this, it would prevent the ability of those cells to communicate with each other.

The presence of the cell wall would prevent animal cells from changing shape. This is necessary for animal movement. https://youtu.be/yk9ysJLI-vg

Consider that a cell needs to produce proteins that will ultimately function in the plasma membrane. Which of the following might reflect the order of the organelles that these proteins might pass through in their destination to the plasma membrane? a. The proteins will pass from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, then go to the mitochondria, then the vesicle, then a gap junction, and then finally to the plasma membrane. b. The proteins will pass from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then go to the lysosome, then the mitochondria, then a vesicle, and then finally to the plasma membrane. c. The proteins will pass from the Golgi apparatus, then go to a vesicle, then the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then a vacuole, and then finally to the plasma membrane. d. The proteins will pass from the ribosome, then go to the peroxisome, then go to a vacuole, then the plasmodesmata, then a vesicle, and then finally to the plasma membrane. e. The proteins will pass from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then go to a vesicle, then the Golgi apparatus, then a vesicle, and then finally to the plasma membrane.

The proteins will pass from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, then go to a vesicle, then the Golgi apparatus, then a vesicle, and then finally to the plasma membrane. https://youtu.be/zO1nCc2XgoU

When aphids (a type of insect) feed on the leaves of plants, they often transmit virus particles to the cell that they are feeding on. How might these virus particles spread beyond the initially infected cell (and ultimately infect the entire plant)? a. The plant cell wall and plasma membrane lack the ability to differentiate between potentially beneficial and detrimental particles (such as viruses), and as a result, they allow unregulated entry and exit of these particles across the cellular boundaries. b. The virus particles, along with other small molecules, may pass through the plasmodesmata of two adjacent cells. c. The virus particles might travel along the cytoskeleton, which forms a continuous transportation system between neighboring cells. d. The virus particles, along with other small molecules, might be packaged into vesicles which could fuse with the cell wall of neighboring cells. e. The virus particles might pass through the gap junctions that connect the cytoplasm of the neighboring plant cells.

The virus particles, along with other small molecules, may pass through the plasmodesmata of two adjacent cells. https://youtu.be/yk9ysJLI-vg

Which statement does not correctly describe the chloroplast? a. Proteins are synthesized within the chloroplast's stroma. b. The intermembrane space, also known as the lumen, contains ribosomes. c. The innermost compartment of the chloroplast is separated from the cell's cytoplasm by three phospholipid bilayers. d. Flattened membrane-bound compartments are assembled into stacks called grana. e. Small circular chromosomes are located just outside of the thylakoids.

b. The intermembrane space, also known as the lumen, contains ribosomes. https://youtu.be/LGa2jH5O_9Q

Which of the following cell components would not be considered part of the endomembrane system? vesicle nuclear envelope vacuole plasma membrane endoplasmic reticulum chloroplast lysosome

chloroplast https://youtu.be/zO1nCc2XgoU

Select all of the components that could be found in BOTH a plant cell and an animal cell: nucleolus cytoskeleton lysosomes cytoplasm plastids plasmodesmata vesicles golgi apparatus mitochondria ribosomes

lysosomes ?cytoskeleton cytoplasm vesicles golgi apparatus mitochondria ribosomes The cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, and ribosomes would be found in all cell types (prokaryotic and eukaryotic). The mitochondria, golgi apparatus, and vesicles would be expected in all eukaryotic cells (including both animal and plant cells). https://youtu.be/8jD_Z4gDlbI Textbook chapter 4, Table 4.1

What structure is responsible for the selective transfer of ions, molecules, and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm?

nuclear envelope https://youtu.be/lNqeO6Wu9K0 https://youtu.be/zO1nCc2XgoU https://youtu.be/yk9ysJLI-vg

Which of the following cell components is not surrounded by its own phospholipid bilayer? - Chloroplast - Endoplasmic Reticulum - Nucleolus - Lysosome - Golgi apparatus

nucleolus

What cellular structure connects amino acids together through dehydration reactions? - peroxisome - ribosome - endoplasmic reticulum - golgi apparatus - vesicle - nucleus

ribosome https://youtu.be/SjVXT5kSOgc - Review what type of molecules are made of amino acids (chapter 3)