BSN 225 - Sherpath (Week 10) Nutrition

Medications administered through a feeding tube should be in liquid form or ground into powder as permitted and dissolved in _____ mL of sterile water before instillation into the tube.

15-30 Medications should be administered in 15-30 mL of sterile water before instillation into the tube.

Match the hypotheses to their relevant cues. 20-lb weight loss in past 2 months Choking with oral intake attempts Bilateral upper-extremity paralysis Waist circumference of 100 cm (39.4 inches) for a female patient Impaired Swallowing Impaired Self-Feeding Dehydration Deficient Food Intake Excess Food Intake Impaired Mobility

20-lb weight loss in past 2 months --> Deficient Food Intake Choking with oral intake attempts --> Impaired Swallowing Bilateral upper-extremity paralysis --> Impaired Self-Feeding Waist circumference of 100 cm (39.4 inches) for a female patient --> Excess Food Intake

A nurse is working on nutrition with a 64-year-old patient. The nurse asks the patient to describe the types and amounts of food consumed the previous day. Which type of assessment is the nurse completing? Complete health history Mini Nutritional Assessment Food diary 24-hour recall

24-hour recall The nurse is completing a 24-hour recall assessment, in which the patient is asked to recount the types and amounts of food consumed over the last day.

Based on the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines, which percentage of an adult's caloric intake should come from carbohydrates?

45-65 % It is recommended that adults consume 45%-65% of their calories as carbohydrates.

A value less than which number is considered a normal hemoglobin A1c? Record answer to the nearest tenth.

5.7 An A1c level of less than 5.7 is considered normal.

Which description is appropriate for a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube? A feeding tube placed in the stomach through one of the nares A feeding tube placed in the jejunum through one of the nares A feeding tube surgically placed through an incision in the abdomen An intravenous solution placed in a vein

A feeding tube surgically placed through an incision in the abdomen A feeding tube surgically placed through an incision in the abdomen is a PEG tube.

Which symptoms may be present in a patient who has low hemoglobin levels? Select all that apply. Fever Fatigue Hyperglycemia Shortness of breath Rapid breathing Tachycardia

Fatigue Fatigue is experienced by patients with low hemoglobin because they do not have enough oxygen to function optimally. Shortness of breath Shortness of breath occurs in patients with low hemoglobin because they do not have the hemoglobin necessary to transport a proper amount of oxygen to their tissues. Rapid breathing Rapid breathing would occur in patients with low hemoglobin because they must breathe faster to help circulate the oxygen in their bloodstream.

An obese male patient has a goal of losing 100 pounds and states that he is going to remove all fat from his diet. The student nurse advises him against this because fats have multiple functions. Which function would the student nurse describe to support this recommendation? Fats help produce energy for the body. Fats absorb waste in the body. Trans fats will lower cholesterol. Saturated fats will produce higher metabolism.

Fats help produce energy for the body. Benefits of fat in the body include energy production, support and insulation of major organs and nerve fibers, and lubrication for body tissues.

What statement describes the benefit of a food diary? It provides data that covers weeks or months. It is evaluated directly by the health care provider. It is in a digital format that is easy to share with the health care team. It provides a more complete and accurate display of a patient's dietary pattern.

It provides a more complete and accurate display of a patient's dietary pattern. A food diary documents the patient's diet more completely and accurately than a 24-hour recall assessment does.

Which organ absorbs sodium, potassium, and water, and houses useful bacteria? Rectum Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

Large intestine The large intestine absorbs sodium, potassium, and water, and houses useful bacteria. The contents are lubricated with mucus, and feces is formed and moved into the rectum.

Which measurements are included in infant anthropometric measurements? Select all that apply. Length Weight Body mass index (BMI) Head circumference Height Waist circumference Not Sure

Length Length is an anthropometric measurement used to assess the growth of infants. Weight Weight is an anthropometric measurement used to assess the growth of infants and children. Head circumference Head circumference is an anthropometric measurement used to assess the growth of infants and children up to age 3.

Assistance in feeding is appropriate to use for patients with which conditions? Select all that apply. Limited mobility of hands and arms Limited mobility of feet and legs Poor activity tolerance Poor cognitive state Immobile

Limited mobility of hands and arms Patients with limited mobility of hands and arms are appropriate for feeding assistance. Poor activity tolerance Patients with poor activity tolerance are appropriate for feeding assistance. Poor cognitive state Patients with poor cognitive state are appropriate for feeding assistance.

Which behaviors are specific indicators of anorexia nervosa? Select all that apply. Bingeing Purging Limiting calories Omitting healthy foods Refusal to socialize when food is involved

Limiting calories Limiting calories is a behavior associated with anorexia nervosa. Omitting healthy foods Omitting healthy foods is a behavior associated with anorexia nervosa. Refusal to socialize when food is involved Refusal to socialize when food is involved is related to anorexia nervosa.

Which factors may lead to an increased risk for obesity? Select all that apply. Medication Disability Culture/Religion Age Gender

Medication Some medications can alter appetite and metabolic rate, leading to an increased risk for obesity. Disability Disability limits how much exercise a patient can get, which can lead to obesity. Culture/Religion People whose cultures/religions rely heavily on carbohydrates in their diet can experience an increase in the prevalence of obesity.

Which term describes the process of chemically changing nutrients, such as fats and proteins, into end products that can be used to meet the energy needs of the body or stored for future use? Nutrition Absorption Metabolism Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Metabolism Metabolism is the process of chemically changing nutrients, such as fats and proteins, into end products that are used to meet the energy needs of the body or stored for future use.

The nurse is teaching a patient about distinguishing between "good" fats and "bad" fats. Which type of fat is peanut butter? Saturated fat Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat Trans fat

Monounsaturated fat Monounsaturated fats are good fats because they help develop and maintain the body's cells. Sources include canola, olive, and peanut oils; sesame seeds; avocados; and cashews.

Which factors are included in the DETERMINE self-assessment of nutrition for older adults? Economic hardship, cardiac risk factors, and use of a walker Family involvement, history of stroke, and inability to get to the store Multiple medications, involuntary weight loss, and tooth loss Clean home environment, ability to get to the store, and ability to properly take medication at home

Multiple medications, involuntary weight loss, and tooth loss These three factors are components of the DETERMINE self-assessment.

Which substance does the body fail to metabolize when an infant is diagnosed with PKU? Potassium Phosphorus Protein Phenylalanine

Phenylalanine PKU is a rare condition in which an infant's body fails to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

A patient's basal metabolic rate (BMR) varies depending on which factor? Calories taken in during eating and drinking Calories burned during physical activity Physical and genetic makeup Cardiovascular fitness

Physical and genetic makeup A patient's BMR, which is a calculation of the minimum amount of energy necessary to keep the body functioning, varies depending on physical and genetic makeup.

Which complications may result from malabsorption? Select all that apply. Poor wound healing Dysphagia Weight loss Fatigue Psychological disorders

Poor wound healing Malabsorption may cause poor wound healing because the body will not have enough nutrients to heal properly. Weight loss Malabsorption may cause weight loss because the patient will not have absorbed enough calories to maintain weight. Fatigue Malabsorption may cause fatigue because fewer nutrients will have been absorbed. The nutrients are not available to provide the patient with energy.

During digestion, which events occur in the stomach? Select all that apply. Acid kills microorganisms. Food is moved by peristaltic waves. Bile is released to aid with digestion. Pepsin is released to aid with digestion. Secretions dissolve some food particles.

Acid kills microorganisms. Stomach acid makes a hostile environment for bacteria, resulting in the death of many microorganisms within the stomach. Pepsin is released to aid with digestion. The enzyme pepsin helps digest protein and regulates the emptying of stomach contents into the small intestine to aid digestion. Secretions dissolve some food particles. The stomach squeezes and dissolves some food particles with the assistance of hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

A high school nurse notes that girls on the cross-country team eat together each day. She notes that one of the girls only consumes an apple each day at lunch and has experienced a decline in her athletic performance. Which condition does the nurse suspect in this girl? Phenylketonuria (PKU) Bulimia nervosa Anorexia nervosa Crohn disease

Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder in which the person restricts dietary intake.

Which action would the nurse take to provide appropriate percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube care? Assessing skin around the tube Flushing the tube only prior to use Stripping the tube to ensure pills do not get stuck Cleaning the site with hydrogen peroxide

Assessing skin around the tube Assessing skin around the tube is considered appropriate PEG tube care because these sites have a potential for infection.

The primary nurse is advocating for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Self-Feeding. With whom would the nurse collaborate to provide a cost-effective assistive feeding device for the patient? Case manager Speech therapist Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) Registered dietitian

Case manager A case manager is responsible for providing cost-effective assistive feeding devices.

Which complications would the nurse monitor for in a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)? Select all that apply. Catheter-related infections Constipation Dry mouth Site infections Nausea

Catheter-related infections Catheter-related infections are considered a potential complication resulting from TPN. Site infections Site infections are considered a potential complication resulting from TPN; therefore, the nurse should perform a skin assessment prior to feeding. Rationale for Incorrect: Constipation is not considered a potential complication resulting from TPN. Dry mouth is not considered a potential complication resulting from TPN. Nausea is not considered a potential complication resulting from TPN.

A patient in the telemetry unit is recovering from a heart attack. The nurse teaches the patient that blood flow to part of the heart was occluded by plaque from which substances? Select all that apply. Sodium Glucose Vitamins Cholesterol Lipids

Cholesterol Cholesterol combines with other substances and attaches itself to the walls of the arteries. Lipids Lipids combine with other substances and attach themselves to the walls of the arteries.

Match the appropriate nursing hypothesis labels to the related factors. Cleft palate Sensory and motor deficits Inadequate dietary intake Daily intake of excessive number of calories Impaired Self-Feeding Impaired Swallowing Excess Food Intake Deficient Food Intake

Cleft palate --> Impaired Swallowing Sensory and motor deficits --> Impaired Self-Feeding Inadequate dietary intake --> Deficient Food Intake Daily intake of excessive number of calories --> Excess Food Intake

A long-distance runner is underweight and malnourished. The runner complains of muscle fatigue, cramping, and dizziness during races. Which laboratory test may be used to determine if the patient is anemic? Metabolic panel Lipid panel Urinalysis Complete blood count (CBC)

Complete blood count (CBC) Anemia is a lack of healthy red blood cells available to deliver oxygen to tissues in the body. This is determined through a CBC.

Which component is a key element of a full nutritional nursing assessment? Complete health history Neurologic assessment Home medication review Range-of-motion assessment

Complete health history A complete health history provides essential information about dietary habits.

The student nurse is discussing weight loss and macronutrients with an adult patient. Whole wheat bread is a source for which macronutrient? Lipids Simple carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates Protein

Complex carbohydrates Whole wheat bread takes longer to break down before absorption and is therefore a complex carbohydrate.

Which condition is related to inflammation and can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract? Phenylketonuria (PKU) Crohn disease Diverticular disease Ulcerative colitis

Crohn disease Crohn disease is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. Rationale for Incorrect: PKU is a rare condition in which an infant's body fails to metabolize an amino acid after consumption of protein. Diverticular disease occurs in the colon wall. Ulcerative colitis is chronic inflammation in the large intestine.

A patient presents to the hospital with persistent bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and stomatitis. Laboratory values indicate the patient has suffered nutritional imbalance as a result of recent decreased food intake and diarrhea. Which inflammatory bowel disease could be responsible? Phenylketonuria (PKU) Diverticular disease Crohn disease Ulcerative colitis

Crohn disease Stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth and lips. Crohn disease is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth.

An athletic adolescent girl is being treated for iron deficiency anemia. Which symptoms are expected with this condition? Select all that apply. Weight gain Fatigue Constipation Dizziness Pale skin

Fatigue Fatigue is a symptom of iron deficiency anemia. Dizziness Dizziness is a symptom of iron deficiency anemia. Pale skin Pale skin is a symptom of iron deficiency anemia.

Excessive calcium intake in men has been linked to a risk for developing which condition? Iron deficiency anemia Obesity Prostate cancer Anorexia nervosa

Prostate cancer Excessive calcium intake in men has been linked with the development of advanced prostate cancer. Rationale for Incorrect: The risk for developing iron deficiency anemia is linked to women of childbearing age but not to excessive calcium intake in men. The risk for developing obesity is linked to certain cultures, those who are disabled, and those who take certain medications, but it is not associated with excessive calcium intake. Anorexia nervosa is a condition relating to body morphology and is not linked to men who intake excessive calcium.

Which primary pathophysiologic process would the nurse conclude is occurring in a patient who has a hypothesis of Impaired Self-Feeding? Inadequate dietary intake Sensory and motor deficits secondary to spinal cord injury Psychological disorder Limited physical activity

Sensory and motor deficits secondary to spinal cord injury Sensory and motor deficits secondary to spinal cord injury is a pathologic cause for Impaired Self-Feeding.

The nurse is completing the physical assessment on a patient just admitted to the hospital. The nurse is focusing on the nutritional aspects of this assessment. Which factors should the nurse pay close attention to when examining the patient? Skin, hair, and dentition Eyes, ears, nose, and throat How the patient is feeling The patient's steady gait

Skin, hair, and dentition A patient's skin, hair, and dentition can be strong indicators of nutritional status.

Which physical attributes are most important to assess during a nutritional assessment? Feet, hands, and legs Eyes, ears, and mouth Skin, mouth, and dentition Hair, legs, and arms

Skin, mouth, and dentition Skin, mouth, and dentition, as well as hair, are important to focus on during a nutritional assessment.

Dysphagia may result from which condition? Rickets Scurvy Anemia Stroke

Stroke Dysphagia may result from the effects of a stroke. Rationale for Incorrect: Rickets, a vitamin D deficiency, is not associated with dysphagia. Scurvy, a deficiency of vitamin C, is not associated with dysphagia. Anemia, a deficiency of red blood cells, is not associated with dysphagia.

Excess intake of dietary sodium is associated with an increased risk for which disorder? Dementia Alzheimer disease Stroke Osteoporosis

Stroke Excess dietary intake of sodium is associated with an increased incidence of stroke (cerebrovascular accident [CVA]).

The nurse might delegate feeding assistance to which member of the multidisciplinary team? Psychologist Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) Speech therapist Registered dietitian

Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) Assistance with feeding can be delegated to UAP. Registered nurses are responsible for supervising and guiding care provided by UAP to ensure patient safety.

A patient does not eat meat or animal products of any kind. The nurse would instruct the patient about which nutritional deficiencies? Select all that apply. Vitamin D Vitamin B12 Iron Folic acid Zinc

Vitamin B12 A vegan diet has the potential to be deficient in vitamin B12. Iron A vegan diet has the potential to be deficient in iron. Zinc Zinc is a potential deficiency in a vegan diet.

Which vitamin should be prioritized for an older adult patient with osteoporosis? Vitamin K Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E

Vitamin D Vitamin D works in conjunction with minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, to develop and strengthen bones.

Which physical factors are useful in determining potential health risks? Select all that apply. Waist circumference Body fat percentage Body shape Body self-esteem Food consumption

Waist circumference Higher waist circumference is associated with increased risk for heart disease and can be an indicator of metabolic syndrome. Body fat percentage Body fat percentage is estimated by measuring skinfold thickness and is used to determine nutritional status and health risk potential. Body shape Body shape studies have shown that different body shapes are associated with different potential health risks.

Which physical assessment findings are strongly correlated with a patient's risk for obesity and heart disease? Select all that apply. Sleep apnea Waist circumference Body fat percentage Body shape Ability to take medication

Waist circumference Larger waist circumference is strongly associated with heart disease and can indicate obesity. Body fat percentage Higher body fat percentage is strongly associated with nutritional status and health risk potential. Body shape Body shapes with more fat around the waist have a higher risk for serious health problems.

A 30-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with chief complaints of headache associated with loss of concentration, dry mouth, and weakness after 2 days of diarrhea and vomiting. The patient is deficient in which macronutrient? Protein Fat Folic acid Water

Water Water is a macronutrient. Failure to meet the body's hydration needs or loss of a disproportionate amount through excessive sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting can result in dehydration. Physical symptoms of dehydration include headaches and loss of concentration.

The nurse is educating a family about nutrition. When discussing food choices for constipation prevention, which statement explains why the nurse would recommend choosing whole wheat bread over white bread? Whole wheat is an insoluble fiber. White bread has too much protein. Whole wheat speeds up metabolism. White bread negatively affects metabolism.

Whole wheat is an insoluble fiber. Insoluble fiber does not retain water but allows formation of bulk, resulting in the effective passage of end products of food through the intestines.

A patient who was placed on thickened liquids asks if there is something to eat that does not require a thickening agent. Which liquids or foods could be safely recommended? Select all that apply. Milk Chicken broth Yogurt Orange juice Pudding

Yogurt Yogurt is a food that could be safely recommended that does not require a thickening agent. Pudding Pudding can be safely recommended as a food that does not require a thickening agent.

A patient has been admitted to the hospital for malnutrition, and the nurse is explaining the plan of care. When the nurse comes in to take blood for the physical assessment, which statement is most appropriate for the nurse to make to the patient? "Taking a patient's blood is standard procedure." "A laboratory study will allow us as your health care providers to thoroughly assess your nutritional status." "The health care provider has prescribed this procedure." "A blood test is necessary to see what is lacking from your diet."

"A laboratory study will allow us as your health care providers to thoroughly assess your nutritional status." This explanation conveys to the patient the importance of laboratory studies as part of a thorough nutritional assessment.

Which question would a nurse most likely use to gather information about a patient's body self-esteem? "What is your typical diet for a day?" "How often do you weigh yourself?" "Have you noticed any changes in appetite or food intake?" "While eating, do you experience any difficulty chewing or swallowing?"

"How often do you weigh yourself?" Asking how often a patient weighs him- or herself can provide information about how the patient views his or her body and is associated with assessment of body self-esteem.

The student nurse is educating the patient regarding signs and symptoms to report to the health care provider for at-home tube feedings. Which statement indicates the student needs further teaching? "If you experience aspiration, call 911 because this is a life-threatening problem." "If you have nausea or vomiting after feeding, call the health care provider because this is not normal." "If you have diarrhea after a feeding, you should call your health care provider." "If you have a headache after a feeding, you should call your health care provider."

"If you have a headache after a feeding, you should call your health care provider." This is an incorrect statement, so the student nurse needs further teaching. A headache after feeding is not reportable to the health care provider. Rationale for Incorrect: "If you experience aspiration, call 911 because this is a life-threatening problem." This is a correct statement, so no further teaching is necessary. Aspiration symptoms are life-threatening. Either 911 or the health care provider should be called immediately. "If you have nausea or vomiting after feeding, call the health care provider because this is not normal." This is a correct statement, so no further teaching is necessary. Nausea and vomiting should be reported to the health care provider. "If you have diarrhea after a feeding, you should call your health care provider." This is a correct statement, so no further teaching is necessary. Diarrhea should be reported to the health care provider.

A student nurse is providing nutrition counseling to a patient regarding different types of vitamins. Which statement is an indicator that the patient needs further teaching? "Vitamins contribute to important metabolic functions of the body." "Vitamins can be soluble or insoluble." "Vitamins are not produced by the body." "Vitamins produce energy."

"Vitamins produce energy." This is an incorrect statement, which shows the patient requires further teaching. Vitamins do not produce energy; however, they are crucial in chemical reactions in the body from macronutrients, such as fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Which nursing actions are associated with discharging a patient home with a feeding tube? Select all that apply. Checking the patient's insurance coverage for home tube feedings Ordering equipment necessary for home tube feedings Assessing the patient's understanding of this type of nutritional support Following up with the patient after discharge to ensure the tube feedings are being properly administered Instructing the patient or caregiver in the proper manner of administering enteral feedings or formula

Assessing the patient's understanding of this type of nutritional support Assessing the patient's understanding of this type of nutritional support is the nurse's responsibility. Instructing the patient or caregiver in the proper manner of administering enteral feedings or formula Instructing the patient or caregiver in the proper manner of administering enteral feedings or formula is the nurse's responsibility.

An unconscious patient is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. Initial assessment findings by the nurse and health care provider include skin that is dry and yellow in color, noticeable thinness, eyes set back in the head, and a strong odor of alcohol. Severe malnutrition from alcoholism is suspected. Which laboratory tests would the nurse expect to see prescribed for a nutrition assessment? Select all that apply. Blood glucose Albumin Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine Phenylketonuria (PKU) Complete blood count (CBC)

Blood glucose A blood glucose test would indicate the patient's current glucose level in the blood to determine if emergent intervention was necessary. Albumin An albumin test assesses plasma protein level, which would most likely be very low in a severely malnourished alcoholic. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine BUN and creatinine tests are indicators of kidney function and are important diagnostic tests for nutrition. Complete blood count (CBC) A CBC is a generic test ordered frequently. It provides information for nutritional levels, anemia, infection, and infection.

Which statements are accurate regarding the process of catabolism? Select all that apply. Builds up complex molecules from simpler substances Breaks complex substances into simpler substances Results in a release of energy Products are used for cell growth Begins with ingestion of food

Breaks complex substances into simpler substances Catabolism breaks complex substances into simpler substances. Results in a release of energy Catabolism results in a release of energy.

Which interventions related to mouth care would the nurse take for a patient who is NPO (nothing by mouth)? Select all that apply. Providing small sips of water Brushing teeth Rinsing the mouth with water Providing hard candy Using mouthwash

Brushing teeth Mouth care nursing interventions for NPO patients include brushing teeth. Rinsing the mouth with water Mouth care nursing interventions for NPO patients include rinsing the mouth with water. Using mouthwash Mouth care nursing interventions for NPO patients include using mouthwash.

Which assessment techniques or tools would a nurse use to screen for malnutrition in an older adult? Select all that apply. 24-hour recall 3-5 day food diary DETERMINE screening Assessment of body self-esteem Mini Nutritional Assessment

DETERMINE screening The DETERMINE screening tool can be helpful in identifying malnutrition in older adults. Mini Nutritional Assessment The Mini Nutritional Assessment is a series of six questions used to determine risk for malnutrition in older adults. Rationale for Incorrect: The 24-hour recall is used as a part of the dietary history but is not specific to screening for malnutrition in older adults. The 3-5 day food diary is used as a part of a dietary history but is not specific to screening for malnutrition in older adults. Assessment of body self-esteem is used to determine risk for an eating disorder.

An adult patient is being treated in the hospital for hypertensive crisis. Which nutritional modification should the patient make immediately that can positively impact blood pressure? Decrease sugar. Decrease salt. Decrease fat. Decrease carbohydrates.

Decrease salt. Decreasing sodium or salt intake will have a direct impact on hypertension.

The nurse is caring for an older adult who lives alone. The nurse becomes concerned that the patient is getting inadequate nutrition based on which neurologic manifestations? Select all that apply. Decreased alertness Slower muscle response time Decreased hearing Decreased visual acuity Slower problem-solving

Decreased alertness Neurologic consequences of poor nutrition include decreased alertness. Slower muscle response time Neurologic consequences of poor nutrition include slower muscle response time. Slower problem-solving Neurologic consequences of poor nutrition include slower problem-solving.

An underweight patient is asking for guidance to gain muscle weight. Which hypothesis and patient-centered outcome would be the most appropriate related to nutrition for the patient? Impaired Self-Feeding resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutritional consumption by the next clinic appointment. Impaired Swallowing resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutrition. Excess Food Intake resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutritional consumption by the next clinic appointment. Deficient Food Intake resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutritional consumption by the next clinic appointment.

Deficient Food Intake resulting in low body weight. Patient will identify factors related to nutritional consumption by the next clinic appointment. Deficient Food Intake is an appropriate hypothesis for the patient, and it has a measurable, reasonable, and patient-centered outcome.

Neuropathy is a consequence of which metabolic condition? Diabetes mellitus Food allergies Obesity Anorexia nervosa

Diabetes mellitus Neuropathy is a consequence of diabetes mellitus.

Foods with a high glycemic index should be avoided in which diet? Cardiac Diabetic Mechanical soft Renal

Diabetic A diabetic diet restricts foods with a high glycemic index because it rapidly raises the body's blood glucose concentration.

A patient who is borderline diabetic has expressed a desire to make lifestyle changes in an effort to avoid taking medications. Which dietary modification would be appropriate for this patient? Eating high-fiber complex carbohydrates Eating foods that have a high glycemic index Eating foods that are low in sodium, such as pickles Avoiding bananas and extra potassium

Eating high-fiber complex carbohydrates High-fiber complex carbohydrates from vegetables and fruits are preferred to simple carbohydrates, sugars, and starchy foods, such as bread or pie.

Which foods would be ideal for a weight lifter to consume as a complete protein? Bananas Peas Eggs Almonds

Eggs Eggs are a complete protein.

An obese patient is asking for guidance to lose weight. Which hypothesis and patient-centered outcome would be the most appropriate related to nutrition for the patient? Impaired Self-Feeding resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity by the next clinic appointment. Impaired Swallowing resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity. Excess Food Intake resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity by the next clinic appointment. Deficient Food Intake resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity by the next clinic appointment.

Excess Food Intake resulting in obesity. Patient will identify factors related to obesity by the next clinic appointment. Excess Food Intake is an appropriate hypothesis for the patient, and it has a measurable, reasonable, patient-centered outcome.

Which nursing responsibilities are related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube care? Select all that apply. Flushing the tube regularly Flushing the tube only prior to use Documenting skin assessment Assessing skin around the tube Not changing the dressing until soiled

Flushing the tube regularly Flushing the tube regularly is a nursing responsibility related to PEG tube care. Documenting skin assessment Documenting skin assessment is a nursing responsibility related to PEG tube care because the nurse needs to ensure the patient's skin is intact. Assessing skin around the tube Assessing skin around the tube is a nursing responsibility related to PEG tube care because the nurse needs to ensure the skin around the tube is intact and without infection. Rationale for Incorrect: The tube should be flushed more than just prior to use. The dressing of a PEG tube should be changed regularly, not just when it is soiled.

The nurse is educating a patient regarding nutrition. Which nutrient would the nurse describe as a micronutrient? Fiber Saturated fat Folic acid Water

Folic acid Folic acid is a mineral, which is a micronutrient.

Which deficiency has been linked to the development of dementia and Alzheimer disease? Sodium Folic acid Vitamin D Iron

Folic acid Low folic acid levels have been linked to dementia and Alzheimer disease.

A young adult female patient recently gave birth to a baby with a neural tube defect. The patient was most likely deficient in which B vitamin? Folic acid (vitamin B9) Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) Niacin (vitamin B3) Riboflavin (vitamin B2)

Folic acid (vitamin B9) Vitamin B9, also known as folic acid, plays a critical role in neural tube formation.

A young patient is working with a nurse on nutrition improvement. The nurse tells the patient that there are two main ways to examine dietary habits. The nurse is referring to which two methods? Physical assessment and health history Mini Nutritional Assessment and DETERMINE self-assessment Food diary and 24-hour recall method Generic and holistic methods

Food diary and 24-hour recall method The food diary and 24-hour recall method are two types of assessments the nurse can use to assess the amount and type of food a patient is consuming.

Which foods should be avoided by a patient on a renal diet? Foods with a high glycemic index Foods high in potassium and phosphorus High-fiber foods High-sodium foods

Foods high in potassium and phosphorus Foods high in potassium and phosphorus should be avoided on a renal diet. Potassium and phosphorus can build up in the bloodstream of these patients. Too much potassium in the bloodstream can cause heart issues; too much phosphorus can cause calcium to be pulled from bones. Rationale for Incorrect: Foods with a high glycemic index should be avoided on a diabetic diet but are not of concern for renal diets. High-fiber foods do not need to be avoided on a renal diet. High-sodium foods should be avoided on a cardiac diet but are not of concern for renal diets.

The nurse is caring for an older adult with Alzheimer disease and a secondary diagnosis of malnutrition. Which neurologic functions affect the patient's ability to receive adequate nutrition? Select all that apply. Functional ability Cognitive ability Memory Socioeconomic function Language

Functional ability Alzheimer disease is a neurologic disorder that affects functional ability. Alzheimer patients may not have the motor skills required to feed themselves. Cognitive ability Alzheimer disease is a neurologic disorder that affects cognitive ability. Alzheimer patients may not have the cognitive skills required to feed themselves. Memory Alzheimer disease is a neurologic disorder that affects memory. Alzheimer patients may not remember to eat.

Which items are included in a clear liquid diet? Milk, juices with pulp, popsicles Gelatin, chicken broth, apple juice Strained soup, milk, cranberry juice Yogurt, gelatin, apple juice

Gelatin, chicken broth, apple juice A clear liquid diet includes gelatin, clear juices, popsicles, and clear broths.

Which cues would lead the nurse to develop a hypothesis of Deficient Food Intake for a patient? Select all that apply. Gingivitis History of an eating disorder Sedentary lifestyle Temperature of 37.1°C (98.8°F) Hemoglobin A1c of 9.5% Unintentional 5% weight loss in 1 month

Gingivitis Gingivitis is a cue for Deficient Food Intake. History of an eating disorder A history of an eating disorder is a cue for potential Deficient Food Intake. Unintentional 5% weight loss in 1 month Weight loss of 5% in 1 month indicates the patient has Deficient Food Intake.

The nurse weighs a 13-year-old female patient, asks her how she feels about her body, and collects data about the different types of foods she likes to eat during the day. Which type of assessment is the nurse performing? Cardiac assessment Psychological assessment Health history Fall-risk assessment

Health history A health history includes the type of foods a patient eats, the patient's body self-esteem, and physical symptoms the patient may be experiencing.

A 25-year-old female patient is getting her annual physical. The medical assistant measures her waist at 40 inches. According to North American standards for waist circumference, the patient is at risk for which condition? Heart disease Varicose veins Tooth loss Blindness

Heart disease Heart disease has been strongly correlated with a larger amount of fat stored around the waist. For women, waist circumference greater than 35 inches is considered at-risk.

A pediatric nurse working in a health care provider's office has a well-child visit with a 5-year-old. Which anthropometric measurements will the nurse most likely take? Select all that apply. Height Weight Length Body fat percentage Head circumference

Height Height is a common anthropometric measurement for children. Weight Weight is a common anthropometric measurement for children. Head circumference Head circumference is a common anthropometric measurement for children.

Match the vitamin with its function. Helps promote vision in dim light Assists with bone formation Protects cells from injury Aids in blood clotting Vitamin K Vitamin B6 Vitamin E Vitamin A Folic Acid Vitamin D

Helps promote vision in dim light --> Vitamin A Assists with bone formation --> Vitamin D Protects cells from injury --> Vitamin E Aids in blood clotting --> Vitamin K

Which Healthy People 2030 Core Objective will the nurse consider when planning interventions and establishing patient outcomes specific to nutrition and weight management? Select all that apply. Reduce consumption of polyunsaturated fat in the population aged 2 years and older. Increase consumption of calcium in the population aged 2 years and older. Increase consumption of vitamin D in the population aged 2 years and older. Decrease consumption of potassium in the population aged 2 years and older. Reduce iron deficiency among females aged 12 to 49 years

Increase consumption of calcium in the population aged 2 years and older. The body needs calcium to maintain strong bones and carry out important functions. Almost all calcium is stored in bones and teeth, where it supports their structure and hardness. The body also needs calcium for muscles to move and for nerves to carry messages between the brain and every part of the body. Increase consumption of vitamin D in the population aged 2 years and older. Vitamin D helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body. A deficiency of vitamin D can lead to bone deformities, such as rickets in children and bone pain caused by a condition called osteomalacia in adults. Reduce iron deficiency among females aged 12 to 49 years Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent in women of childbearing age and has health consequences including fatigue, depression, heart problems, and pregnancy complications. Monitoring for and management of IDA is an important nutrition-related health goal. Rationale for Incorrect: The Healthy People 2030 Core Objective related to fat is the reduction of consumption of saturated, not polyunsaturated, fat in the population. Polyunsaturated fats, along with monounsaturated fats, are considered healthy fats, as they may reduce the risk of heart disease, especially when substituted for saturated fats. The Healthy People 2030 Core Objective related to potassium is to increase consumption, not decrease it. Potassium is one of the most important minerals in the body, helping regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions and nerve signals. A high-potassium diet may help to reduce blood pressure and water retention, protect against stroke, and prevent osteoporosis and kidney stones.

Match the laboratory value to the corresponding description. Indicates levels of energy-containing molecules Identifies the level of oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood Determines level of kidney function Indicates average blood glucose level for the past 2-3 months Hemoglobin A1c Albumin Hemoglobin Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine Platelets Blood glucose

Indicates levels of energy-containing molecules --> Blood glucose Identifies the level of oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood --> Hemoglobin Determines level of kidney function --> Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine Indicates average blood glucose level for the past 2-3 months --> Hemoglobin A1c

Women of childbearing age are at higher risk for developing a deficiency of which mineral? Magnesium Calcium Iron Phosphorus

Iron Adolescents and women of childbearing age lose iron during menstruation and are at risk for developing a deficiency. Rationale for Incorrect: Magnesium Women of childbearing age are not at risk for developing a magnesium deficiency. Calcium Calcium deficiency is a risk factor for aging adults and for those who consume excessive protein. Being a woman of childbearing age is not a factor. Phosphorus Aging adults are at risk for developing a phosphorus deficiency.

Which type of feeding tube is placed into the patient's stomach through one of the nares? MIC-KEY Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube Nasojejunal tube Nasogastric tube

Nasogastric tube A nasogastric tube is placed through the nares into the stomach.

The student nurse is providing feeding assistance to a patient at risk for aspiration. Which actions would the student nurse avoid? Select all that apply. Offering large bites to the patient Offering small bites to the patient Having the patient finish all foods, then drink all fluids Alternating between foods and fluids Having the patient use a straw when drinking

Offering large bites to the patient Offering large bites may put a patient at risk for aspiration. Having the patient finish all foods, then drink all fluids Finishing all foods and then drinking all fluids may put a patient at risk for aspiration. Instead, foods and fluids should be alternated. Having the patient use a straw when drinking Using a straw when drinking may put a patient at risk for aspiration.

Which tasks are considered appropriate feeding assistance? Select all that apply. Opening a milk carton Setting up a meal tray Calling the patient's health care provider when the patient is done eating Telling the patient he or she needs to eat more Spoon-feeding a patient the entire meal

Opening a milk carton Opening a milk carton and other hard-to-open items is appropriate feeding assistance, due to possible muscle atrophy or immobility. Setting up a meal tray Setting up a meal tray is appropriate feeding assistance. Spoon-feeding a patient the entire meal Spoon-feeding a patient is appropriate feeding assistance.

Which disease is a softening of the bone that is caused by a vitamin D deficiency? Osteosarcoma Osteomalacia Osteopenia Osteoporosis

Osteomalacia Osteomalacia is a softening of the bone due to a vitamin D deficiency.

Which goal would be appropriate for an obese patient with the nursing hypothesis Excess Food Intake? Patient will lose 21 lb in 1 month. Patient will exercise until weight is within normal range. Patient will identify factors related to obesity within 2 months. Patient will lose 1 to 2 lb each week until weight is within the acceptable range.

Patient will lose 1 to 2 lb each week until weight is within the acceptable range. Losing 1 to 2 lb each week is a measurable, patient-centered goal that is realistic. Rationale for Incorrect: Patient will identify factors related to obesity within 2 months. The goal of identifying factors related to obesity is too passive; the patient should be able to identify factors sooner than 2 months.

Which individuals would a nurse collaborate with in an attempt to obtain the best possible outcomes for a pediatric patient with anorexia and bulimia? Patient and dietitian Patient, dietitian, and psychologist Patient, dietitian, psychologist, and case manager Patient, dietitian, school principal, and speech therapist

Patient, dietitian, psychologist, and case manager The patient, dietitian, psychologist, and case manager are the most appropriate multidisciplinary team to collaborate in attempt to attain the best possible patient outcomes.

Which potential nutritional deficiencies may occur with a vegetarian diet? Select all that apply. Protein Iron Vitamin B12 Zinc Calcium Vitamin D

Protein A vegetarian diet has potential nutritional deficiencies of protein because protein is largely found in animal products that are missing from a vegetarian diet. Iron A vegetarian diet has potential nutritional deficiencies of iron because iron is commonly found in red meat, fish, and poultry. Vegetarians do not eat these products. Zinc A vegetarian diet has potential nutritional deficiencies of zinc because good sources of zinc are meat and shellfish, which are not consumed by vegetarians. Rationale for Incorrect: There is a potential nutritional deficiency of vitamin B12 in vegan diets because these do not include dairy or eggs. Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. A vegan diet has potential nutritional deficiencies of calcium because calcium is found in dairy products, which are consumed by vegetarians. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk for those who have limited exposure to the sun.

Parents of an infant diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) are informed that the condition is a result of failure to metabolize amino acids after consuming which substance? Protein Fat Water Carbohydrates

Protein PKU is a rare condition in which an infant's body fails to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, and dangerous levels of phenylalanine build up after consuming protein.

Which nutrients are considered macronutrients? Select all that apply. Proteins Minerals Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins

Proteins Fats Carbohydrates

A patient has been diagnosed with poor anal sphincter tone. Which structure of the digestive system would be affected by this disorder? Esophagus Small intestine Large intestine Rectum

Rectum The rectum holds and expels feces via the anus. Poor anal sphincter tone may lead to fecal incontinence.

Which primary pathophysiologic process would the nurse conclude is occurring in a patient who has a hypothesis of Impaired Swallowing? Inadequate dietary intake Sensory and motor deficits secondary to spinal cord injury Residual effects of neurologic damage secondary to cerebrovascular accident Inadequate absorption of nutrients

Residual effects of neurologic damage secondary to cerebrovascular accident Residual effects of neurologic damage secondary to a cerebrovascular accident is a pathologic cause for Impaired Swallowing.

The patient has a health care provider prescription for NPO (nothing by mouth) and is complaining of a dry, sticky mouth. Which action would the nurse suggest to relieve the patient's dry, sticky mouth? Select all that apply. Taking small sips of water Rinsing the mouth with water Calling the dentist Brushing the teeth Sucking on a breath mint

Rinsing the mouth with water Mouth care for NPO patients includes rinsing the mouth with water. Brushing the teeth Brushing teeth is part of mouth care for NPO patients.

Which condition may be caused by a vitamin C deficiency associated with malabsorption? Rickets Scurvy Petechiae Dysphagia

Scurvy Scurvy is associated with a vitamin C deficiency. Rationale for Incorrect: Rickets is associated with a vitamin D deficiency. Petechiae are pinpoint bruises under the skin. They are not specifically related to a vitamin C deficiency. Dysphagia is when a patient experiences difficulty swallowing. This is not specifically related to a vitamin C deficiency.

A patient being seen in the outpatient setting 2 weeks after abdominal surgery reports to the nurse that the surgical incision does not seem to be healing well. The patient describes sleeping well, having minimal discomfort, ambulating as directed postoperatively, and tolerating a normal vegan diet. Which foods will the nurse recommend? Leafy green vegetables and oranges Lobster and shrimp Soybeans and flaxseeds Greek yogurt and goat cheese

Soybeans and flaxseeds Adding soybeans and flaxseeds to the postoperative patient's diet will provide increased protein, which is critical for wound healing, which is what this patient needs. Rationale for Incorrect: Additional leafy green vegetables and oranges in the diet will increase calcium stores in this patient. While not harmful, this will not assist in wound healing, which is what the patient requires. While lobster and shrimp are excellent sources of zinc, which plays a critical role in wound healing, these shellfish are considered meat and are not included in a vegan diet. Greek yogurt and goat cheese are excellent sources of protein and would enhance wound healing. These can be consumed as part of a vegetarian diet but are not included in a vegan diet.

A pediatric patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Swallowing would require care from which member of the multidisciplinary team? Psychologist Case manager Speech therapist Registered dietitian

Speech therapist The nurse would collaborate with a speech therapist to care for the needs of a patient with Impaired Swallowing.

The nurse is focused on a 22-year-old male's need to weigh himself every day. The patient made a comment about how ugly he feels and said that for girls to like him he must be skinny. He told the nurse that he takes laxatives on a regular interval to help maintain his figure. Which information can the nurse determine from this assessment? The patient is focused on his ability to regulate his diet efficiently. The patient has negative body self-esteem. The patient has concerns about his bowel function. The patient is focused on the desire for a relationship.

The patient has negative body self-esteem. The patient's extreme focus on weight and dislike for his body indicate negative body self-esteem.

The nurse is using anthropometric measurements to assess a 46-year-old patient. The patient is below average in weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) for height. Which factor does the nurse need to consider in the assessment? The patient is a picky eater. The patient is at risk for malnutrition. The patient is small-boned. The patient is at risk for metabolic syndrome.

The patient is at risk for malnutrition. With decreased measurements, the patient is not getting enough nutrition and is definitely at risk for malnutrition.

A 14-year-old female is brought into the emergency department (ED) by her parents. She is 5'3" and weighs 75 pounds. Her parents state that she refuses to eat. Based upon this information, what can the nurse determine about the patient? The patient is rebelling against her parents. The patient might have an eating disorder. The family does not have enough money for food. The patient might be at risk for metabolic syndrome.

The patient might have an eating disorder. The patient's weight and refusal to eat may indicate an eating disorder; eating disorders are common in teenage children and must be evaluated for carefully.

Which statement describes the main disadvantage of using the 24-hour recall method to assess a patient's dietary history? The method involves every member of the family. The large quantity of data collected is difficult to process. The patient's recall may not reflect food consumption for a typical day. Patients usually do not want to share the last 24 hours of food intake.

The patient's recall may not reflect food consumption for a typical day. Data about a 24-hour period may not accurately reflect a patient's dietary history because a patient's eating habits can vary from day to day.

Which feeding method would be used for patients who do not have a functioning gastrointestinal (GI) tract or are unable to ingest, digest, or absorb essential nutrients? Nasojejunal (NJ) tube feeds Clear liquid diet Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) Nasogastric (NG) tube feeds

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) TPN should be used for patients who do not have a functioning GI tract or are unable to ingest, digest, or absorb essential nutrients.