BUAD 304: Chapter 14

Company culture that has an external focus and value flexibility

adhocracy culture

Which phase of Feldman's model of organizational socialization? Occurs before an individual actually joins an organization. During this phase people acquire information about different careers, occupations, professions, and organizations that come from many sources

anticipatory socialization

What are the three phases of Feldman's model of organizational socialization

anticipatory socialization, encounter, change and acquisition

The physical manifestation of an organization's culture They include: ★Acronyms ★Manner of dress ★Awards ★Myths and stories told about the organization ★Published lists of values ★Observable rituals and ceremonies ★Special parking spaces ★Pictures and images handing on walls

artifacts

Organizational values so taken for granted over time that they become assumptions guiding organizational behavior

basic underlying assumptions

Which phase of Feldman's model of organizational socialization? Requires employees to master important tasks and roles and adjust to their work group's values and norms

change and acquisition phase

A company that has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control

clan culture

What do these mechanisms do? ★formal statements ★design of physical space, work environments, and buildings ★slogans, language, acronyms, and sayings ★deliberate role modeling, training programs, teaching, and coaching by others ★explicit rewards, status symbols, and promotion criteria ★stories, legends, or myths about key people and events ★organizational activities, processes, or outcomes ★leader reactions to critical incidents and organizational crises ★rites and rituals ★work flow and organizational structure ★organizational systems and procedures ★organizational goals and criteral throughout employee cycle

create culture change

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Companies such as Keller Williams Realty Inc., the largest real estate franchise in the world, use coaching and training to promote a culture focused on employee growth and development. According to CEO Chris Heller, "Our success results from a deeply ingrained culture of learning, innovation, and giving."

deliberate role modeling, training programs, teaching, and coaching by others

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Physical spacing among people and buildings and the location of office furniture are different ways to send messages about culture. For example, an open office environment is more appropriate for an organization that wants to foster collaboration and innovation

design of physical space, work environments, and buildings

The qualities and norms that are exhibited or converted into employee behavior

enacted values

Which phase of Feldman's model of organizational socialization? Employees come to learn what the organization is really like. It is a time for reconciling unmet expectations and making sense of a new work environment.

encounter phase

The explicitly state qualities and norms preferred by an organization

espoused values

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Because they are meaningful and visible, reward systems have a strong impact on employees and are one of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture. For example, team-based rewards reinforce a clan culture, while individual rewards are better suited for market cultures. Hamdi Ulukaya, the Turkish immigrant who founded Chobani, the largest seller of Greek yogurt in the United States, recently made a decision that will significantly affect the company's culture.

explicit rewards, status symbols, and promotion criteria

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Formal statements of organizational philosophy, mission, values, and materials can embed culture when used for recruiting, selection, and socialization. They represent observable artifacts

formal statements

Company culture that has an internal focus, which produces a more formalized and structured work environment, and values stability and control over flexibility

hierarchy culture

Four functions of organizational culture: 1. Establish organizational _________ 2. Encourage collective ___________ 3. Ensure _________ _________ stability 4. Act as a ________-making device

identity, commitment, social system, sense

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Neuroscience research shows that people learn and pay attention to the emotions leaders exhibit. Positive emotions spread, but negative emotions travel faster and farther.79 Market cultures, for example, are reinforced by showing positive emotions after landing a new customer or negative emotions such as anger after losing a customer because of bad service. Consider how executives at Microsoft responded to a crisis eroding feelings of respect and inclusiveness, both of which reinforce clan cultures.

leader reactions to critical incidents and organizational crises

Company with a culture that has a strong external focus and values stability and control

market culture

The three levels of organizational culture

observable artifacts, espoused values, basic underlying assumptions

Programs that help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, culture, and politics and by clarifying work-role expectations and responsibilities

onboarding

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Leaders pay special attention to activities, processes, and outcomes they can measure and control. This behavior sends strong messages to employees about acceptable norms and behavior. For example. if you want to create an adhocracy culture, then managers would pay attention to innovation processes and outcomes such as number of patents or number of ideas submitted to suggestion systems.

organizational activities, processes, or outcomes

The set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments

organizational culture

Mechanism to create culture change: ★An organization's culture is reflected in the goals it pursues. For example. the clan-type cultures in companies such as Google and Zappos are reinforced by goals like increasing employee development, satisfaction, or involvement. General Motors has decided to foster more of an adhocracy and market culture in response to its strategic goal of growing revenue and market share.

organizational goals and criteria throughout the employee cycle

the process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors required to assume a work role

organizational socialization

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Companies are increasingly using electronic networks as a tool to promote different types of cultures. Disney, for example, has invested over $1 billion in big data technology to identify the best way to provide customer service, a characteristic of market cultures

organizational systems and procedures

Gives recruits a realistic idea of what lies ahead by presenting both positive and negative aspects of the job

realistic job preview (RJP)

Mechanism to create culture change: ★the planned and unplanned activities and ceremonies used to celebrate important events or achievements

rites and rituals

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Corporate slogans, acronyms, and specialized language often have a profound effect on the organization over time because they are easy to remember and repeat.

slogans, language, acronyms, and sayings

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Storytelling is a powerful way to send messages to others about the values and behaviors the organization desires. Stories reinforce characteristics of the desired culture.

stories, legends, or myths about key people and events

Outlines the organization's long-term goals and the actions necessary to achieve them

strategic plan

A company's ability to make a profit without sacrificing the resources of its people, the community, and the planet

sustainability

Framework that provides a practical way for managers to understand, measure, and change organizational culture

the competing values framework

Five elements that drive organizational culture: ★Founders _________ ★The ___________ and business environment ★The national ___________ ★The organization's __________ and strategies ★The ____________ of leaders

values, industry, culture, vision, behavior

A long-term goal that describes what an organization wants to become

vision

Mechanism to create culture change: ★Work flow is the way work gets done—work flow and organizational structure are the way reporting relationships are organized. Both can become tools for changing organizational culture. For example, encouraging brainstorming meetings to solve problems reinforces an adhocracy culture, whereas having weekly progress meeting encourages both market and hierarchy cultures.

work flow and organizational structure