Buddhism and New Religious Movements
_______, the Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople, has been called "the Green Patriarch" because of his environmentalism.
Bartholomew
The American subculture movements that helped first popularize Buddhism were _______ .
Beats and Hippies
. _______ (354-430 CE) is responsible for the Christian understanding of original sin.
Saint Augustine of Hippo
What early Christian philosopher suggested that (one version of) the free will problem can be solved by remembering that God does not exist in time (so that His foreknowledge of what I will do tomorrow afternoon doesn't imply that what I do tomorrow afternoon isn't free)?
Saint Augustine of Hippo
The ______ is the community of monks and nuns.
Sangha
_______, a religion that grew up in Spanish colonial Cuba, is a mixture of Yoruba religions and Catholicism.
Santeria
At Siddhartha's naming ceremony, priests foretold that his life could go in 1 of 2 directions: either he would follow in his fathers footsteps, ... becoming a great king, a "world ruler"; or, ..., he would become a great spiritual leader, a "world teacher." true/false
true
A Zen garden is not very "if garden means" a place where one grows the vegetables. true/false
true
In the end, we might summarize what Zen Buddhism is about, according to Anderson, by saying that Zen Buddhists "try to make all of life a meditation." true/false
true
Mahayana is the largest tradition in Buddhism. This statement is _______ true/false
true
The "diamond" scepter (called a ______), which is used in Tibetan Buddhist ritual, symbolizes compassion.
vajra
According to Anderson, Vejrayana Buddhism is a merger of Buddhism and pre-buddhist Tibetan______.
worship of nature
In Zen Buddhism, _____ is "sitting meditation
zazen
Tibetan Buddhism's Dalai Lama lives in exile in _______________.
India
Baha'i emerged from _____ .
Islam
The "world teacher" prophesied by Madame Helena Blavatsky was later identified as _______ .
J. Krishnamurti
Scottish-born naturalist _______ helped ignite the establishment of the national park system and local nature preserves.
John Muir
The Church of Latter-day Saints was founded by _______ .
Joseph Smith
Dianetics is the best-known work of _______ .
L. Ron Hubbard
The founder of Scientology was _____ .
L. Ron Hubbard
_______ is the most important early figure of Rastafarianism.
Marcus Garvey
Arthur Schopenhauer is a _______ .
Nineteenth century, German philosopher
Which of the following Buddhist traditions teaches that Amitabha Buddha will save those who call upon his name? The correct answer here is _______ .
Pure Land
Which os the following is not found on the Eight fold path?
Right Reward
The goal of life, according to the Buddha is
nirvana
Which of the following was not one of the four passing sights?
none of the above
In Tibetan Buddhism, the executive head of the Gelug-pa is called the Dalai Lama, which literally means_______.
ocean superior one
Because of a modern reappraisal of the value and worth of nature, ______.
oral religions are being looked to with more respect
The Third Noble Truth is that the cure lies in_____
overcoming desire or craving
Once a person reaches nirvana, _________
rebirth is finished
In Buddhism, as in Hinduism, _______ suggest(s) decay and pain.
samsara
In Zen, the enlightening experience is called
satori
The term _______ has come to refer to a way of looking at life in which human values and rules for living are taken from experience in this world, not from divine revelation.
secularism
Three important factors that have stimulated the growth of NRMs are modernization, globalization, and _______ .
secularization
The Middle Way is the path between _______ .
self-indulgence and self-denial
After his enlightenment, the Buddha _______ .
spent the rest of his life teaching
Siddhartha's was (subsequently) "hidden" in the palace until he was twenty- nine years ols, nver allowed to experience_____
suffering
The furst noble truth is that life is dukkha, usually translated as _______
suffering
The term _______ is used to describe the mixture of various elements from different religions.
syncretic
As "argued" in the School of Life video we watched, the Nineteenth century German philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), developed a philosophy that is (in a number of ways) very similar to the philosophy of _______ .
the Buddha
What are the Three Jewels of Buddhism? The Three Jewels of Buddhism are _______ .
the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha
The Buddha's prescription for an end to suffering is _______ .
the Eightfold Path
One of the earliest examples of modern religious dialogue was _______, which was held in Chicago in 1893.
the World Parliament of Religions
Mahayana means
the big vehicle
Buddha means
the enlightened one or the awakened one
Theravada means
the way of the elders
In Mahayana Buddhism, the Buddha is
thought of as a savior
Earth Day is celebrated each year on _______ .
April 22
In the third century B.C.E., Buddhism was promoted in India by King ________.
Ashoka
The Buddha lived in _______ .
India
Cao Dai began in Vietnam in _______.
1928
The "Second Great Awakening" occurred in the United States during the _______ .
19th century
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have been called the _______ religions.
Abrahamic
According to Anderson, the Buddha eventually preached a religion _______
All of the Above
Which of the following are "Zen techniques for reaching enlightenment?"
All of the Above
_______ (the syncretic religion of Brazil) blends elements of Portuguese Catholicism and African religions
Candomble
_______ are two new religions that blend aspects of Christianity into their beliefs and practices.
Cao Dai and Santeria
Mahayana Buddhism is the most predominant form of Buddhism in ______.
China
_______, even where it has been abandoned as an official ideology, succeeded in creating a fairly secular milieu.
Communism
The first sermon of the Buddha after his enlightenment was the Sermon in the ___________.
Deer Park
The totality of Buddhist teaching is called the _______ .
Dharma
In Europe, a contemplative interest in nature can be traced back many centuries to the nature mysticism of some medieval monks and friars, beginning with Saint ______ .
Francis of Assisi
According to Anderson, Scientology borrows a lot from _______ .
Hinduism
Eventually St. Augustine became a priest, and then the Bishop of _______ .
Hippo (a city on the north coast of Africa)
In which of the following would you find an emphasis on Theravada Buddhism? The correct answer here is _______ .
Sri Lanka
Madame Helena Blavatsky is associated with the origins of _______ .
Theosophy
The earliest of the traditions within Buddhism is _______ .
Theravada
The two main kinds of buddhism are
Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism
According to Anderson, the modern culture of _______ betterment will increasingly challenge religions to produce what material cultures value.
money-based
St. Augustine wrote about the Trinity, the nature of sin, divine grace, the sacraments, and the role of the church in history.
True
Entirely new religions may...blend elements from several religions. For example, the _______ Church, which began in Korea, blends Christianity and Confucianism
Unification
"Moonies" is a slang term for members of the _______ .
Unification Church
______ is the best-known manifestation of the Contemporary Pagan movement. It is an Old English word that suggests associations with magic, separation, and holiness.
Wicca
The Maharishi Mahesh Yogi founded the meditative philosophy known as _______ .
Yoga
Which of the following Buddhist traditions makes use of koans (such as "What is the sound of one hand clapping?") as an aid to enlightenment? The correct answer here is _______ .
Zen
Which of the following teaches that enlightenment depends entirely on the effort of the individual? The correct answer here is _______ .
Zen
A bodhisattva is
a being who reaches the brink of nirvana, but returns to the world to help others
According to Buddhism, reality manifest three characteristics: constant change, the existence of suffering, and _______.
a lack of permanent identity
"Astral voyages" can be defined as _______ .
a projection of the mind onto a higher level of experience
In 1997, 39 members of the Heaven's Gate community committed suicide, believing that _______ .
a spaceship was waiting for them
The Baha'i religion found a messianic figure in _______
a young Persian aristocrat
The first of the Four Noble Truths is that _______ .
a. life is full of suffering
Buddhists "take refuge" in _______.
all of the above
Jehovah's Witnesses refuse to _______ .
all of the above
Science that leads to specific inventions or other practical benefits is called _______ science.
applied
In Buddhism, a(n) _______ is a person who has achieved enlightenment.
arhat
The Baha'i faith is ____ .
monotheistic
The word "pagan" comes from "pagus," a Latin word that means _____ .
countryside
Wiccans worship _______ .
creative forces in all existing things
According to the Buddha, all suffering is caused by ________ .
desire
Which did the Buddha not oppose? He did not oppose _______ .
detachment
The key belief of those who embrace _______ is the interrelatedness of all the elements in the universe, a belief that is expressed in an attitude of respect and reverence for all people and cultures.
eclectic spirituality
Considering sexuality, the world's religions generally ______.
express a great variety of attitudes
The Sanskrit word nirvana refers to the ______________ of desire.
extinguishing
According to Dr. Anderson, pagans worship Satan. The best answer here is: _______ .
false
In Falun Gong, the _______ is believed to be an invisible spiritual wheel located in the lower abdomen that can be activated by a master.
falun
The Buddha's first disciple(s) was/were______
his five former ascetic companions
The Buddha was the son of a _______ .
king
What was the appearance of your face before your ancestors were born? is a famous Zen
koan
After leaving his father's palace at the age of twenty-nine, Siddhartha spent six years______
living a life of "great austerity"