Bureaucracy

from 1913 to 1914, the average american paid approximately____________ in income taxes each year.

$7

if bureaucrats regularly sabotage the actions of political bosses with whom they disagree, one would expect republicans to be more hurt than democrats. why?

because bureaucrats tend to be liberal.

why did bruce reed say not to expect major changes in how agency employees act?

because the employee starts championing the institution rather than the agenda of the person who put them there.

the whistle- blower protection act of 1989 is designed to protect?

bureaucrats who tell on their bosses

the constitution makes the president the __________ _____________ of the government

chief executive

the president's ______________-__________--____________ directs all to the white house staff from his office

chief of staff

the great watershed in the expansion of government bureaucracy in the united stated occurred during the?

civil war

secretary of the treasury

collects taxes, prints money, deals with the nation's finances

the text concludes that when bureaucrats operate at cross-purposes, it is usually because

congress wants it that way

secretary of housing and urban development

creates strong communities and affordable homes

relative to their share of the population, republicans tend to be over represented in the?

department of defense

how does bush's top advisor keep the agencies in line?

rove has a weekly conference call with the chiefs of staff to the agency secretaries and administrators.

why are iron triangles less common today than they once were?

because agencies today are pressured by so many interest groups.

entitles cannot dispose of waste within five miles of water systems

regulation

factories cannot dispose of anything containing mercury near a waste system

regulation

secretary of energy

researches sources of fuel and electricity for the nation

the efforts of bush were closest to what previous president?

richard m. nixon after his 1972 re-election

not until around ______________ years ago, a person got a job with the government through the ___________ _____________- this is also called _____________--: the practice of giving _____________-- jobs to the president's _____________- and _____________-- supporters.

1. 100 2. spoils system 3. patronage 4. government 5. friends 6. political

much of the work of the federal government is done by the __ executive ______________. they are often called _____________ _______________ and each is built around some broad field of ___________---

1. 15 2. departments 3. cabinet departments 4. activity

there are ___ types of independent agencies: independent ____________ agencies, independent __________- commissions, and _____________ corporations. Some examples include: a. b. c.

1. 3 2. executive 3. regulatory 4. government a. peacecorps b. office of personnel management c. civil right commission

it coordinates the efforts of more than ______ federal agencies involved in the "____ __ _____"

1. 50 2. war on drugs

what are the three features of bureaucracies?

1. Hierarchical authority- the word hierarchical describes any organization that is built as a pyramid, with a chain of command running from the top of the pyramid to the bottom. The few officials and units at the top of the organization have authority over those officials and units at the larger middle level, who in turn direct the activities of the many at the bottom level. 2.job specialization-each bureaucrat, or person who works for the organization, has certain defined duties and responsibilities. There is a precise division of labor within the organization. 3. the bureaucracy does its work according to a set of established regulations and procedures.

it is the president's chief source of __________ and ____________ on the economy

1. Information 2. advice

a Bureaucracy is a __________ the federal government is the ____________ ________________ in the country

1. Large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization. 2. largest organization.

the NSC____________ the president on matters of _______________ security, ____________ and domestic

1. advises 2. national 3. foreign

an independent agency is an ___________ created by ___________ and which operate __________ the 15 executive departments in the cabinet.

1. agency 2. congress 3. outside

the president _________ cabinet members, who must be _______-- by the ____________. the president may remove cabinet members ___________-- senate approval

1. appoint 2. confirmed 3. senate 4. without

bill clinton, and his predecessors, have _________- more ______________ than any other president

1. appointed 2. minorities

it also monitors the spending of funds ______________- by congress and _______________ the management of the executive branch

1. appropriated 2. oversees

congress has ____________-- to protect independent regulatory agencies from political ___________- by requiring that each ___________ be led by a group of ______________________ representing both major political _______________

1. attempted 2. influence 3. agency 4. commissioners 5. parties

presidents vary in how much they use the __________ in their role as advisors. there is no ____________ requirement to have a ___________, but there has never been a move to ___________--the cabinet, even though some presidents tend not use the ________- very much

1. cabinet 2. constitutional 3. cabinet 4. eliminate 5. cabinet

each ___________ member heads one of the executive ___________- and together, cabinet members serve as _____________-- to the _____________

1. cabinet 2. departments 3. advisors 4. president

most of the independent agencies fall into this ___________ . examples of these agencies include ______-- _______________- commission and the ____________ corps.

1. category 2. civil rights 3. peace

support for a _______ service system increased dramatically as a result of the __________-- of president _____________--- in __________. the ___________- act of _________--- created a system in which __________- employees were chosen on the basis of ______________ examination, thus making merit, or ability, the reason for ___________- people to fill _____________ positions.

1. civil 2. assassination 3. garfield 4. 1881 5. pendleton 6. 1883 7. federal 8. competitive 9. hiring 10. federal

a _____________ ___________-- is an employee of the federal government who has been _________- on the basis of merit, rather than political _________-. there are approximately ______ million civil servants (17 million if ____________ and __________ public employees are included) in government.

1. civil servant 2. hired 3. affiliation 4. 3 5. state 6. local

these boards and ____________- must be made up of members of __________-- parties, and members _________-- be removed for __________- reasons. terms are most often long and ____________-

1. commissions 2. both 3. cannot 4. political 5. staggered

the members of the _____________-- are appointed by the _____________---- and are approved by the __________-- for long, staggered terms. heads of the independent regulatory commissions ____________- be removed by the president at will.

1. commissions 2. president 3.senate 4.cannot

hierarchy reduces____________ and decides who ___________ the ___________

1. conflicts 2. has 3. power

the ____________ says very little about _____________ the federal bureaucracy

1. constitution 2. staffing

the power of the regulatory commissions is _______________ and has been decreased under presidents _______________ and ____________-

1. controversial 2. reagan 3. bush

some _________- exist as to whether government corporations are ___________- with the democratic government's required that all ____________- agencies be ___________________ to the public. nonetheless, the _________________-- most often claimed for the use of government corporations is their ________________-

1. controversy 2. compatible 3. public 4. accountable 5. advantage 6. flexibility

these commissions are ____________-- to regulate important aspects of the nation's ___________---

1. created 2. economy

contrast an independent executive agency with an executive__________ department, such as the department of ____________ that was created largely to give representation in _____________- to labor ___________, or the department of ____________---affairs , which represents he interest of ___________ veterans, both of which are important groups in ___________ politics

1. department 2. labor 3. government 4. unions 5. veteran's 6. military 7. american

when agencies, groups, and committees all __________- on one another and are in close, frequent, contact, they are for "iron triangles" or ___________ ______________

1. depend 2. sub governments

the CEA consists of three top ____________, appointed by the president and approved by the ___________

1. economists 2. senate

the __________ office of the ____________ also known generally as the"_____________ _______________ _____________" is an ______________ agency made up of several separate offices and staffed by the president's closest ___________ and assistants.

1. executive 2. president 3. white house staff 4. umbrella 5. advisors

many _____________ both political and substantive, influence the selection of _______-- officials.

1. factors 2. government

the _____________ _______________ created the 1st 3 departments in 1789; ___________ ___________ and ___. the newest department, _____________ of _________________ _______________ was created in 2003

1. first congress 2. state, treasury 3. war 4. department 5. homeland security

these programs are supposed to be _______- from political ___________

1. free 2. influence

these regulatory bodies posses ___________ powers- _____________-, _______________, and _____________-- and are exceptions to the ____________ of separation of _____________

1. government 2. executive 3. legislative 4. judicial 5. principles 6. powers

the _________ ___________ (1939, amended 1993) ____________________ civil service from active participation in __________- politics. Under the terms of the hatch act, civil servants are permitted to: a. __________ in primary elections b. ____________ money to a political party c. __________- a political rally d. place a ________ _________ on their personal property e. _______ to the 1193 amendments, civil servants were ______________ from coordinating a __________ for a neighbor running for ___________ office.

1. hatch act 2. prohibits 3. partisan a. vote b. contribute c. attend d. bumper sticker e. prior, prohibited, campaign, political

each department is _____________ by a _________, except for the ___________- _________________ ____________- which is headed by the ___________-- ______________. each _____________ is also a member of the president's _______________---

1. headed 2. secretary 3. department of justice 4. attorney general 5. head 6. cabinet

some agencies are __________- to protect their _________- from political ____________

1. independent 2. influence 3. pressure

some are ___________ to make them more _______________ to ____________ groups.

1. independent 2. responsive 3. interest

some agencies are __________-- because their ____________ did not fit well into any of the __________ departments

1. independent 2. structure 3. existing

_____________ __________________ are composed of bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees. the iron triangle is characterized by ___________ dependency, in which each ___________- provides key _______________, information, or policy for the others,

1. iron triangles 2. mutual 3. elements 4. services

when ___________- took over in ______- he replaced most the ______________ in the government with people from his own party, the ____________- ________________---

1. jefferson 2. 1801 3. federalists 4. democratic republicans

president ______ ________- improved the system when he urged congress to pass the __________ _________ ________ ____________- of 1978. reforms included the creation of the office of ___________ ____________, the federal agency which is charged with the __________ and ___________ of most federal workers. ( persons who are placed on a "________ kept by the ________) and the merit system in the federal bureaucracy. Consequently, today, most federal agencies are ____________ by some sort of civil services system, based on the ___________ principle.

1. jimmy carter 2. civil service reform act 3. personnel management 4. testing 5. hiring 6. register 7. OPM 8. merit system protection board 9. covered 10. merit

the OMB's major task is to help the president coordinate _________ and ________________ proposals from the ____________ branch

1. legislative 2. Budgetary 3. executive

creating a __________ partisan civil service meant insulating government workers from the risk of being _______ when a new party come to ____________

1. non 2. fired 3. power

they are ___________ under a single administrator and have subunits that operate on a ______________ basis

1. organized 2. regional

each department head is appointed by the ___________- and _____________ by the senate.

1. president 2. confirmed

________________ and _____________ have difficulty in controlling ______________- due to existence of " __________ ____________"

1. presidents 2. congress 3. bureaucracies 4. iron triangles

each department head is the ____________ link between presidential policy and their ___________. they also advocate for their _____________- and its policies with the ____________-

1. primary 2. department 3. department 4. president

the government corporations ________--- a service that can be readily handled by the private _________

1. provide 2. sector

_______________-____________--- powers are exercised when _______________ are decided in those field in which congress is given ______________- authority, i.e. _____________ commerce commissions.

1. quasi-judicial 2. disputes 3. policing 4. interstate

____________-_____________- powers are used in rule ______________ and regulatory functions and have ____________- of law

1. quasi-legislative 2. making 3. force

independent regulatory commissions have _______________-_________________-- and ________________-_________________- powers

1. quasi-legislative 2. quasi-judicial

independence regulatory commissions are ___________-________________ bodies that operate largely outside ___________-- control

1. quasi-legislative 2.presidential

while often ___________ to as "independent executive agencies" these agencies (contrary to the above statement) are still considered to be a part of the ______________ branch.

1. referred 2. executive

members of the independent ____________ commission often have ____________------ experience working in the industry that they regulate while on the commission

1. regulatory 2. extensive

____________ are proposed by the civil services system, subject to ___________- appropriations. in general, at lower and middle levels, the federal ___ scale is comparable to that found in the ___________ sector, but at higher levels, is significantly lower than the CEO of general motors. Congress does ________-- control the ___-- or postal workers.

1. salaries 2. congressional 3. pay 4. private 5. not 6. salary

their top officers are appointed by the president with _______________- confirmation; all of their __________- are public officials. the ____________ service and the Tennessee valley _____________ are examples of government ______________

1. senate 2. employees 3. postal 4. authority 5. corporations

the ____________ ___________- was largely defined by president ___________ ____________-- who believed that the largest number of ________ should have the ___________- of serving in government office, that any person of "_____________-" intelligence was fit to hold any government position, and that all government officials should belong to the ____________ elected by the ___________-

1. spoils system 2. andrew jackson 3. citizens 4. privilege 5. normal 6. party 7. people

its members include the ___________ __________, the secretaries of the ____________ and ___________, the director of the _________, and the chairperson for the joint chiefs of state.

1. vice president 2. state 3. defense 4. CIA

_____________ said you should choose the best _______----, but tended to pick members who ___________, politically as he did.

1. washington 2. qualified 3. believed

rules and decisions enable _____________ to _________ even if its workers ______________ an ____________________

1. work 2. continue 3. leave 4. organization

about ____________ people work directly for the president from this office.

400

civil service system: advantages and disadvantages

Advantages: employment on the basis of merit and open, competitive exams. not built on the spoils system. Disadvantages: employees cannot take an active party in the political management of campaigns. officials are hard to get rid of. agreements are hard to come by.

definition of the iron triangle

An iron triangle reinforces the relationship between interest groups, congressional subcommittees, and bureaucratic agencies.

3 critics of president bush

CIA terrorism official Michael Schener wrote a book about the flaws in the al queda fight. former ambassador J.Wilson the 4th criticized bush on the case for war in iraq. former treasury secretary P. o'Neill frequently contradicted the white house.

Think how would interest groups then influence the workings of bureaucratic organizations?

Interest groups would influence the working of bureaucratic agencies by persuading them to create a regulation or rule that would benefit the interest group. Also since the iron triangle reinforces the relationship between the two that means that the organizations would be able to influence the groups too.

the merit system began with the?

Pendleton Act of 1883

what is a bureaucrat?

a person who works for the organization

spoils system: advantages and disadvantages

advantages: the positions reward supporters. unified under 1 person. disadvantages: bureaucracy became corrupt, bloated, and inefficient. public support is strained.

the "culture" of a agency is shaped by?

all of the above this includes laws rules routines informal understandings among fellow employees

describe in your own words, an administration.

an administration is the many agencies and administrators of a government.

the relationship among an agency, a committee, and an interest group was described in the past as?

an iron triangle

the definition of bureaucracy includes all of the following notions except?

an issue network

EV recommendations

department of transportation: Direct link to update the President. Department of defense: make all personal, vessels, and facilities available for the clean-up effort. department of commerce: assessed short term and long term effects of the economic damage, and the effects on shipping and oil prices. department of the interior: scientific assessment of the economic damage. department of agriculture: determine the damage to the fishing industry. environmental protection agency: researched and began bio meditation for the shoreline, proposed for indigenous microorganisms. Promote long term recovery. national oceanic and atmospheric administration: provide scientific support to the coast guards, uses software and mapping to prevent spread, impact assessing, and cleanup technology. Determined impact of the spill on the water quality of the area.

the ONDCP prepares an annual _____________ _______________ policy

drug control

educate people and organizations about health regulations

enforcement activity

evaluate effectiveness of health care services

enforcement activity

make sure food producers and suppliers are following food safety regulations

enforcement activity

monitor workplaces to see if they are following safety procedures

enforcement activity

probably the most effective means an agency has of remaining powerful is?

entering alliances with influential interest groups

northeast governors ask for tighter controls on auto emissions

epa

a manufacturing plant is polluting the waters of the magothy river and the chesapeake bay. Which government regulatory agency is responsible for making sure that this situation is corrected by fining the company?

epa because they protect human health and the environment

airport security to be under control of the federal government

faa

security at airports around the nation have been improved following the september 11 attacks. Which government regulatory agency has the responsibility of monitoring these improvements?

faa because they provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world.

congress to hold hearings on impact of television violence

fcc

americans spend hundreds of hours a year watching television. Which government regulatory agency has the responsibility of making sure that the programs are acceptable?

fcc because they regulate international communications.

contaminated meat found in fast food chain

fda

a woman dies after taking tylenol capsules laced with a poison. which government regulatory agency investigated this incident and suggested to congress that drug companies must improve their packaging to prevent other deaths?

fda because they regulate drug related products and ensure it's safety.

fast food restaurants in this country serve millions of hamburgers annually. the rules which govern these restaurants number in the thousands and include regulations monitoring the fat content of burgers, the size of the pickle, and how fast he ketchup flows onto the burger. Which government regulatory agency monitors these regulations?

fda because they regulate the safety of the nation's food supply.

who creates and gives power to these agencies?

federal, state, and legislative branches

attorney general; department of justice

fights crime and runs the federal court system

ads for tooth whiteners mislead consumers

ftc

consumers sometimes find that advertising isnt always honest; advertisers may exaggerate claims that mislead consumers. Which government regulatory agency has the responsibility for investigating fraud or misleading advertising by an advertising firm?

ftc because they deal with false advertising and economic issues.

many americans were angry about getting unwanted sales calls from telemarketers. this agency created the "do not call registry" in order to protect consumer rights. Which government regulatory agency has the responsibility of making sure that the call stop?

ftc because they protect against internet fraud and protects privacy.

secretary of education

gives money for k-12 schools and student college loans

secretary of health and human services

gives services for americans health and basic needs

definition of independent agencies

government organizations that also focus on specific issues, but they are different from departments because they are independent of the president's control. instead these agencies are controlled by a board or commission . the president can appoint someone to a board or commission but cannot remove them

the freedom of information act and the administrative procedure act are examples of?

government-wide constraints on bureaucracy

an important effect of world war 2 on the federal government was to?

greatly increase government revenues from taxation.

one bureaucratic "pathology" described by the text is imperialism, meaning the tendency of agencies to?

grow, irrespective of the benefits and costs of their programs

what did that president do in 1972 to try to increase control over the bureaucracy?

he installed 8 new cabinet members and several white house officials at sub cabinet positions.

secretary of labor

helps workers get fair wages and working conditiond

if one examines the education, sex, race, and social origins of the federal civil service as a whole,

it looks very much like a cross section of american society

explain how moves to enforce loyalty will give bush "more coordination and control"

it will cause many senior executives in the civil service to retire in frustration

what is the chief feature of the federal bureaucracy?

its division into areas of specialization.

one of the major constraints under which government agencies operate is the?

large number number of regulations they must adhere to.

secretary of the interior

manages and protects the nation's public lands

secretary of state

manages our relationship with foreign countries

secretary of defense

manages the armed forces and conducts wars overseas

which of the following statements about the firing of federal employees is true?

most bureaucrats cannot be fired

the white house is the ____________-____________ of the white house

nerve-center

which of the following statements about the firing of a bureaucrat is incorrect?

none of the above The above include as follows: the employee must be given a written notice, at least 30 days in advance. the written notice must contain a statement of reasons, including specific examples of unacceptable performance. the employee has the right to reply to the charges and can appeal any adverse action to the merit systems protections board. the employee can appeal the decision of the merit systems protection board to the u.s. court of appeals.

Iron Triangle Representation

on separate page

job specialization has each person focus on ___________ ______________ _________________

one particular job

a constitutional limitation on the federal bureaucracy's ability to regulate the economy is that?

only Congress has the constitutional authority to regulate commerce.

secretary of transportation

overseas highway safety, and air, rail, and sea travel

during most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, appointments to the civil service were primarily based on?

patronage

civil service system

principle and practice of government employment on the basis of open, competitive examinations and merit.

secretary of homeland security

protects against terrorists and other threats

secretary of veteran's affairs

provides services for people who served in the military

food and drug administration

purpose: assure safety, efficiency, and security of drug related products and the nation's food supply. actions: speeds innovations. monitors food. monitors cosmetic products. makes sure things are labeled correctly.

federal trade commission

purpose: deals with issues that touch the economic lives of most americans. actions: prohibits price discrimination. deals with false advertising. internet fraud and privacy.

environmental protection agency

purpose: protects human health and the environment. actions: develops/enforces regulations. sets national standards. standard for fuel. works with state and local government.

federal aviation association

purpose: provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world. actions: regulating civil aviation. encourage/develop civil aeronautics. programs for noise.

federal communications commission

purpose: regulates interstate and international communication. actions: processes license applications. regulates consumer information. regulates tv. addresses public safety.

occupational safety and health administration

purpose: to assure the safety and health of workers by setting and enforcing safety standards in the workplace. actions: provides training and education about employee safety. inspects work-sites for safety violations

when a citizen is required by an agency to use one accounting system rather than another, or to file forms before receiving any benefits, such requirements are called?

red tape

children must be vaccinated before entering school

regulation

doctors must wear latex gloves when interacting with patients

regulation

when a person is selected by the president to head an agency and to shift its policies in the direction of the president's, the appointee generally finds that?

subordinates wield considerable power.

secretary of commerce

supervises trade and promotes u.s. businesses

among the "pathologies" commonly attributed to bureaucracies are all of the following except

synergism

a dramatic increase in activism by the federal bureaucracy occurred in the twentieth century, largely as a consequence of?

the great depression of the 1930's and world war 2

what government agencies has president bush taken steps to gain greater control over?

the justice and education departments

definition of departments

the main organizations in the executive branch

spoils system

the practice of successful politicians rewarding their followers with government jobs.

presidential appointment

the president selects the cabinet secretaries and heads of the independent agencies.

in the early days of the federal government, the only department that had much power was the?

the treasury department

which law established the office of special counsel?

the whistle- blower protection act

the broad factors that best explain the behavior of bureaucratic officials include all of the following except?

their party preferences

how many political appointees are in the cabinet agencies? how many workers are in the civil service?

there are 3,000 political appointees and a u.s. civil service of 1.8 million workers.

where are bureaucracies found?

they are found where ever there are large organizations.

which of the following statements about issue networks is correct?

they are groups that regularly debate government policy on specific issues.

which of the following statements about the attitude of most americans toward government bureaucrats and bureaucracies is true?

they tend to be satisfied with bureaucrats if they have actually had contact with public officials.

the insert below discusses two branches within the executive office. What other branches does the constitution allow the executive branch to create? what was the framers purpose behind this? Article 2 anticipates two departments in particular, one for military and one for foreign affairs. It does so by making the president the 'commander in chief of the army and navy' and by giving him the power to make treaties and to appoint "ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls."

this allows for other branches such as a police/military branch and a foreign affairs branch. The purpose behind this was so that administrative agencies would be created.

periodically, the size of the bureaucracy has grown substantially. these time of growth have generally occurred during?

wars

executive agencies enforce the law when someone isnt following it.

ways an agency can enforce a law: educate the public about new laws monitor the public to make sure laws are being followed catch individuals or organizations not following the law take the offenders to court follow any other enforcement procedures the agency may have

the white house office is located in the ____________ ______________ of the white house

west wing

until recently, most cabinet members had been______---- males

white

secretary of agriculture

works with farmers and regulates farm products