Burgoon Cat Dissection

semitendinosus (cat) (#7)

At the posterior edge of the thigh is the semitendinosus. #7

biceps brachii (cat)

Biceps Brachii Origin: glenoid fossa Insertion: radius Action: flexes forearm

Brachioradialis (cat)

Brachioradialis is an efficient flexor of the elbow, whether the forearm is pronated or supinated

aponeurosis (cat)

An aponeurosis is a type of connective tissue found throughout the body. Aponeuroses provide an attachment point for muscles to connect to bone, and can also envelope muscles and organs, bind muscles together, and bind muscles to other tissues. They are important for muscle movement and posture.

Pectoralis Minor (cat) (#2)

Immediately posterior to the pectoralis major lies the pectoralis minor. In the cat the pectoralis minor is a larger and thicker muscle than is the pectoralis major. #2

Longissimus capitis (cat)

Structure of longissimus capitis muscle A muscle originating from the transverse processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of the lower cervical vertebrae which inserts into the mastoid process acting to keep the head upright and to move it backward or to one side

Temporalis (cat)

Temporalis origin: parietal bone of the skull insertion: coronoid process of the mandible action of muscle: closing mouth when chewing

Teres Major (cat)

Teres Major •Origin:-Scapula •Insertion:-Humerus •Action:-Flexes forearm and Rotates it inward

Adductor femoris (cat) (#5)

The adductor femoris lies anterior to the semimembranosus. Both of these muscles originate on the pelvic girdle and insert on the femur. Two small, triangular shaped muscles lie anterior to the adductor femoris #5

Peroneus (cat) (#'s 3, 4, 5)

Three peroneus muscles lie posterior to the extensor digitorum longus and take their origin from the fibula. peroneus longus peroneus brevis peroneus tertius #'s 3, 4, 5

Triceps Brachii (cat) (#8)

Triceps Brachii extends forearm long head #8

Rhomboid group (cat) (11 & 12)

once the scapula has been identified, the rhomboid group can be seen attached to the scapula, they are deep to the trapezius (rhomboid major, minor and rhomboideus capitis) #11 & 12

Subscapularis (cat)

- The subscapularis is a triangular muscle that fills the subscapular fossa. The Subscapularis muscle is one of the rotator cuff muscles, helping to stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa during shoulder movements.

pectoralis major (cat) (#3)

Deep to the pectoantebrachialis is the pectoralis major. Immediately posterior to the pectoralis major lies the pectoralis minor. In the cat the pectoralis minor is a larger and thicker muscle than is the pectoralis major # 3

Cutaneous maximus (cat)

Function of cutaneous maximus: The cutaneous maximus "enables the cat to move its skin, rather like our facial muscles allow us to express emotion."

Biceps Femoris (cat)

Function. Both heads of the biceps femoris perform knee flexion. Since the long head originates in the pelvis it is also involved in hip extension. The long head of the biceps femoris is a weaker knee flexor when the hip is extended 1 of 3 cat hamstrings

Gastrocnemius (cat)

Gastrocnemius muscle, also called leg triceps, large posterior muscle of the calf of the leg. It originates at the back of the femur (thighbone) and patella (kneecap) and, joining the soleus (another muscle of the calf), is attached to the Achilles tendon at the heel.

Transverse abdominus (cat) (#3)

In the above image, the internal oblique has been cut and reflected to allow the transversus abdominis to be seen. The transversus abdominis originates from the posterior ribs and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. The fibers of this muscle extend ventrally and attach to the linea alba by an aponeurosis #3

Infraspinatus (cat)

Infraspinatus Muscle. The infraspinatus is a thick and triangular muscle. It's one of the Rotator Cuff muscles providing the mechanical link between the posterosuperior and anterior parts of the rotator cuff.

Sartorius (cat)

It is a long, thin, band-like muscle found in the anterior region of the thigh. The sartorius functions as an important flexor and rotator of the thigh at the hip joint. The sartorius muscle arises from the anterior superior iliac spine on the lateral edge of the hip bone.

Masseter (cat)

Masseter *forms ball of cheek*strongest muscle in the body

Pectoantebrachialis (cat) (#2)

Pectoantebrachialis Origin: Manubrium Insertion: Fascia of forelimb near the elbow Function: Adducts and rotates the forelimb

brachialis brachii (cat)

The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies deeper than the biceps brachii, and makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa. The brachialis is the prime mover of elbow flexion.

Clavotrapezius (cat) (#5)

The clavotrapezius arises from the back of the skull and middorsal line of the neck and inserts on the clavicle. #5

External Oblique (cat)

The external oblique forms the most superficial of the three layers of abdominal muscles.

Xiphihumeralis (cat) (#1)

The fourth subdivision of the pectoral group, the xiphihumeralis, arises from the xiphoid process of the sternum posterior to the pectoralis minor. The xiphihumeralis is a thin band of muscle which runs lateral to the pectoralis minor and inserts on the proximal end of the humerus #1

gluteus medius (cat)

The gluteus medius originates primarily from the ilium, last sacral and first caudal vertebrae to insert on the greater trochanter. The gluteus muscles function to abduct the thigh

Gracilis (cat)

The gracilis adducts and retracts the leg. Lying between the sartorius and gracilis are the adductor femoris and the adductor longus.

Internal oblique (cat)

The internal oblique lies directly beneath the external oblique. Its fibers extend caudo dorsally, nearly at right angles to the fibers of the external oblique.

semimembranosus (cat) (#6)

The large muscle anterior to the semitendinosus is the semimembranosus, which extends the thigh. The adductor femoris lies anterior to the semimembranosus. # 6

Vastus lateralis (cat) (#9)

The large muscle on the anterio-lateral side of the thigh is the vastus lateralis. #9

Latissimus dorsi (cat)

The latissimus dorsi is a large triangular muscle posterior to the trapezius group. It arises from the midline in the thoraco-lumbar region and inserts on the proximal end of the humerus.

Levator scapulae ventralis (cat)

The levator scapulae ventralis is a band-like muscle lying between the clavotrapezius and the acromiotrapezius. It originates from the skull and atlas to insert on the scapula.

Clavodeltoid (cat)

The major muscle group of the shoulder is the deltoid group. The clavodeltoid originates from the clavicle and inserts on the ulna. This muscle flexes the forearm. The acromiodeltoid lies posterior to the clavodeltoid.

Digastric (cat)

The middle of the digastric muscle, which is where a tendon connects the anterior and posterior bellies, attaches to the hyoid bone. There are two main functions of the digastric muscle: Depression of the mandible (lower jaw): causes the mouth/jaw to open.

Tibialis Anterior (cat) (#1)

The most anterior of the muscles on the lateral surface of the shank is the tibialis anterior (cranialis). It originates from the proximal end of the fibula and tibia and inserts on the first metatarsal. The action of this muscle is to flex the foot. #1

Adductor longus (cat) (#10)

The muscle adjacent to the adductor femoris is the adductor longus, and the most anterior muscle is the pectineus. Both the adductor longus and the pectineus arise from the pubis and insert near the proximal end of the femur. Both muscles adduct the thigh. #10

Pectineus (cat) (#11)

The muscle adjacent to the adductor femoris is the adductor longus, and the most anterior muscle is the pectineus. Both the adductor longus and the pectineus arise from the pubis and insert near the proximal end of the femur. Both muscles adduct the thigh. The iliopsoas complex lies anterior to the pectineus. (#11)

Vastus medialis (cat) (#4)

The muscle on the medial surface of the thigh is the vastus medialis. The rectus femoris lies on the front of the thigh between the vastus lateralis and the vastus medialis. #4

Mylohyoid (cat)

The mylohyoid muscle is a paired muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity of the mouth. It is named after its two attachments near the molar teeth ("mylo" comes from the Greek word for "molar"). These muscles are mesodermal in embryologic origin.

Rectus abdominus (cat) (#4)

The rectus abdominis lies between the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis for most of its length. Contraction of the rectus abdominis compresses the abdomen and flexes the vertebral column. #4

Rectus femoris (cat) (#8)

The rectus femoris lies on the front of the thigh between the vastus lateralis and the vastus medialis. The rectus femoris originates on the ilium but still acts across the knee joint to extend the shank #8

Soleus (cat) (#5)

The soleus arises from the proximal fibula. It is best seen from a lateral view. All three muscles converge to form the Achilles tendon which inserts on the calcaneus. (#5)

Spinodeltoid (cat) (#7)

The spinodeltoid arises from the scapula spine and inserts on the proximal portion of the humerus. The acromiodeltoid and spinodeltoid work synergistically to flex the humerus and rotate it outward #7

Spinotrapezius (cat) (#3)

The spinotrapezius arises from the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae and inserts on the fascia covering the scapular muscles. Its action is to adduct the scapula and pull it posteriorly. #3

Popliteus (cat) (#8)

The triangular shaped popliteus originates from the lateral epicondyle of the femur and passes posterior to the knee joint to insert on the proximal end of the tibia. Its action is to flex the shank and rotate it slightly. #8

Gluteus Maximus (cat)

What is the purpose of the gluteus maximus? ○ In the cat this is a relatively small muscle, while in humans it forms the primary tissue of the buttocks. Its fibers run laterally from sacral and caudal vertebrae and insert upon the proximal femur. It abducts the thigh.

Caudofemoralis (cat)

When the pelvic limb is lifted off the ground, contraction of the caudofemoralis causes the limb to abduct and the shank to extend by extending the hip joint (acetabulofemoral or coxofemoral joint). In other tetrapods contraction of the caudofemoralis retracts the hindlimb

Acromiodeltoid (cat)

acromiodeltoid (cat only ½ corresponds to the lateral portion of the deltoid)origin: caudal border of the acromion and sometimes the metacromion insertion: superficial surface of spinodeltoid and humerus nerve: axillary action: flexes and rotates shoulder (arm)

Acromiotrapezius (cat)

acromiotrapezius (cat only ½ corresponds to the middle portion of the human trapezius) origin: spinous process of the axis to a point between the first and fourth thoracic vertebrae insertion: metacromion, scapular spine to tuberosity, and superficial surface of spinotrapezius nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and ventral rami of cervicals 1-4 action: hold the vertebral border of the two scapulae together and retracts(adducts) them

Clavobrachialis (cat)

clavobrachialis (cat only ½ corresponds to the anterior portion of the deltoid) origin: clavicle and raphe lateral to the clavicle insertion: ulna nerve: axillary action: flexes forearm

Cleidomastoid (cat)

cleidomastoid (cat only ½ corresponds to the lateral portion of the sternocleidomastoid) origin: mastoid process

Longissimus dorsi (cat)

deep to the latissimus dorsi

Epitrochlearis (cat)

extends forearm, above trochlea (humerus)

Serratus ventralis (cat) (#1)

serratus ventralis (anterior in human) origin: ribs 1-9 or 10 insertion: medial surface of scapula deep to the vertebral border nerve: long thoracic action: depresses scapula, supports the trunk and aids in inspiration Note that is muscle can be tagged in two places! (#1)

Sternomastoid (cat)

sternomastoid (cat only ½ corresponds to the medial portion of the sternocleidomastoid) origin: manubrium and median raphe insertion: lateral half of lambdoidal ridge and mastoid portion of temporal bone as far as the mastoid process nerve: spinal accessory (XI) and ventral rami of C1-C3 action: bilateral contraction depresses snout,unilateral contraction turns head and depresses snout

Supraspinatus (cat)

supraspinatus origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula. Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus Action of muscle: extends the shoulder

gluteus minimus (cat)

the cat does not have a gluteus minimus as seen in humans. ?

Tensor Fascia Latae (cat)

the tensor fascia latae. This muscle originates from the ilium and surface of adjacent muscles and inserts on the dorsal part of the fascia lata.