BUS 160 Ch. 10 SmartBook

The study that asked workers to rank a list of job-related factors in order of what motivated them most was a new direction taken by ____

Frederick Herzberg

Achieving increased productivity to benefit the worker and the firm was the goal of ____

Frederick Taylor

Who wrote The Principles of Scientific Management?

Frederick Taylor

The generational group of managers that expect to give and get more feedback on their work are ____

Gen X

Job enrichment is most closely related to ____

Herzberg's higher-level motivators

Which of the following theories of motivation is the basis for Management by Objectives?

Drucker's goal-setting theory

What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?

Equity

According to Herzberg's study, what two factors were listed by workers as among the top 5 factors that create motivation instead of being dissatisfiers on the job?

-Sense of achievement -Earned recognition for a job

The elements of scientific management include:

-Time -Method -Rules of work

During the first set of Hawthorne Experiments,

-Productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions -Researchers thought they had failed due to the unexpected results -Researchers realized there had to be another factor affecting productivity

To use self-managed teams to improve productivity, management must reinvent work by:

-Respecting workers -Developing workers' skills -Allowing autonomy

The responsibilities of a manager implementing MBO include:

-Rewarding employee accomplishments -Setting goals with the employee

Which of these are basic elements of Taylor's Scientific Method?

-Time -Rules of work -Methods

Select assumptions made by a Theory Y manager about people.

-People like to work -People seek responsibility

The belief that your work makes a difference and gives you satisfaction is an example of:

An intrinsic reward

Determine from the list below which items are characteristic of a low-context culture or a high-context culture.

*Low-context culture: -Views relationship building as a waste of time -Places more emphasis on the task *High-context culture: -Places an importance on group trust -Workers are encouraged to build personal relationships

Place the generational cohorts in the correct order from oldest to youngest.

-Baby Boomer -Gen X -Millennials -Gen Z -Gen Alpha

Match the generation to the birth years listed.

-Baby Boomer: 1946-1964 -Gen X: 1965-1980 -Gen Y (Millennial): 1980-1995 -Gen Z: 1995-2009

What were the goals of Taylor's scientific management?

-Benefit the worker -Increase worker productivity -Benefit the firm

Equity theory states that employees:

-Compare their inputs and outputs to those of others in similar positions -Try to maintain equity between what they put into a job and what they get out of it -Perceptions of fairness affect motivation

When using MBO, a manager must do which of the following?

-Develop commitment to goals -Formulate goals cooperatively with employees

Managers must recognize that motivating individuals today requires:

-Familiarity with a variety of cultures from around the world -Understanding of different cultures within a country -Knowing that generations have different cultures

Gen X managers understand that:

-Flexibility and consensus building work well -There is more to life than work -Results are more important than hours spent in the workplace

Job enrichment theory is based on the higher level motivators of which two theorists?

-Frederick Herzberg -Abraham Maslow

Characteristics of the Millennial Generation include:

-Having been raised by indulgent parents -Always having the Internet in their world -Having cell phones

Taylor's Scientific Method became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s. What other researchers worked with him? (Select two answers)

-Henry L. Gantt -Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

According to Ouchi's Theory, which of these elements are included in Type A management?

-Individual decision making -Rapid promotion

What two theories concentrate on managers' attitudes and assumptions about workers?

-McGregor's Theory Y -McGregor's Theory X

What are two items that have always been a part of the Millennial generation and are a daily part of their lives?

-Mobile phones -The Internet

What is the purpose of Management by Objectives?

-To motivate all levels of the organization through goal setting and implementation -To monitor the results of implementing goals -To reward the accomplishment of organization goals

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y identified assumptions managers have about workers. Select the statements below that represent a Theory X manager's beliefs.

-Workers prefer to avoid responsibility -Workers are motivated by fear and punishment

According to Ouchi's Theory Z, Type ____ management is achievement oriented.

A

Studying workers as they shovel different types of materials with different types of shovels in order to determine the most efficient tool and method to use is an example of ____

A time-motion study

Vroom's expectancy theory states that the ____

Amount of effort an employee exerts on a specific task depends on expectations of the outcome

An employee that is part of Generation X is likely to ____

Be more concerned with economic and career security

The idea that setting ambitious, but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions is at the heart of which motivation theory?

Drucker's goal-setting theory

Workers in a high context culture find it important to ____

Develop relationships before starting tasks

Free-flowing communication and information throughout an organization are the key to successful ____

Empowerment

Which theory states that an individual will not put forth effort without first evaluating their ability to perform the task and the value they place on the reward?

Expectancy theory

Frederick Taylor was called the ____ of scientific management.

Father

Frederick Taylor was nicknamed the ______ of scientific management:

Father

Management by objectives means that managers ____

Include employees in setting goals so the employees are self motivated

Feeling personal satisfaction because you perform well is which type of reward?

Intrinsic reward

In a recent survey, what reason was given by nearly half of the respondents when asked what their reason was for changing jobs?

Lack of appreciation

Globalization has created a need for managers to understand cultural differences in order to ____ employees around the world.

Manage

Which of the following is an example of time-motion study?

Measuring the time and amount produced by different methods and tools when shoveling coal

What kind of study analyzes which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task?

Time-motion

According to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide ____

Motivation

Herzberg studied the relationship between ____

Motivation and job-related factors

Job enrichment focuses on enhancing the elements most closely related to Herzberg's ____ or higher level needs as defined in his theory.

Motivators

An assumption about people made by a Theory Y manager is that people ____

Naturally like to work

Maslow's theory states that once needs are met they:

No longer motivate

The unexpected results in the first set of Hawthorne Experiments that led to the second set of experiments was:

Productivity continued to increase regardless of changing conditions

Which type of management became the dominant strategy for improving productivity in the early 1900s?

Scientific

Taylor's method of studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques is called ____ ____

Scientific Management

The idea that all jobs can be broken down into elemental steps that can be made more efficient is the principle of ____

Scientific management

Which item was listed by workers as creating enthusiasm for job content?

Sense of achievement

Which management theory uses time-motion studies to find the one best method for workers to perform each task and then teaches them that method?

Taylor's Scientific Management

Frederick Taylor wrote:

The Principles of Scientific Management

The use of time motion studies to increase efficiency was important because:

The findings were used to set standards and goals

What is an essential factor for employee empowerment?

The free flow of communication and information

A manager that views most employees as motivated to do work is operating under ____, while a manager that views most employees as lazy, is operating under ____

Theory Y; Theory X

Gen Xers seek economic security by doing which of the following?

They focus on career security and change jobs to find it

What feature of self-managed teams allows them to improve productivity?

They have the freedom to make decisions

Studies about which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task are referred to as ____ studies

Time-motion

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as ____

Wishing to avoid responsibility

More people leave their jobs for:

opportunities to advance their careers