BUS 444 Chapter 1-5 quizzes & definitions

intangible benefit

a benefit derived from the creation of an information system that cannot be easily measured in dollars or with certainty

information systems analysis and design

a complex, challenging, and stimulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain computer-based information systems

project management

a controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project

tangible cost

a cost associated with an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty

intangible cost

a cost associated with an information system that cannot be easily measured in terms of dollars or with certainty

one-time cost

a cost associated with project start-up and development of system start-up

recurring cost

a cost resulting from the ongoing evolution and use of a system

network diagram

a diagram that depicts project tasks and their interrelationships

project scope statement (PSS)

a document prepared for the customer that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project

top-down planning

a generic ISP methodology that attempts to gain a broad understanding of the information systems needs of the entire organization

bottom-up planning

a generic information systems planning methodology that identifies and defines IS development projects based upon solving operational business problems or taking advantage of some business opportunities

object class

a logical grouping of objects that have the same (or similar) attributes and behaviors (methods)

baseline project plan (BPP)

a major outcome and deliverable from the project initiation and planning phase that contains the best estimate. of. a project's scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements

walk-through

a peer group review of any product created during the systems development process

project

a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end

technical feasibility

a process of assessing the development organization's ability to construct a proposed system

economic feasibility

a process of identifying the financial benefits and costs associated with a development project

critical path scheduling

a scheduling technique whose order and duration of a sequence of task activities directly affect the completion date of a project

objective statements

a series of statements that express an organization's qualitative and quantitative goals for reaching a desired future position

project charter

a short document prepared for the customer during project initiation that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project

System Service Requirement (SSR)

a standard form used for requesting systems development work, includes name and contact info for person requesting the system, a statement of the problem, and name and contact of liaison and sponsor

systems development methodology

a standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems

mission statement

a statement that makes it clear what business a company is in

object

a structure that encapsulates attributes and methods that operate on those attributes. am abstraction of a real-world thing in which data and processes are placed together to model the structure and behavior of the real world object

break-even analysis

a type of cost-benefit analysis to identify at what point (if ever) benefits equal costs

_ would be classified as software designed to support the payroll function a. Application software b. design software c. analysis software d. system software

a. Application software

a new hardware purchase is classified as a(n) _ a. one-time cost b. IS fee c. fixed cost d. tangible benefit

a. one-time cost

what is the first phase of the SDLC method a. planning b. analysis c. design d. maintenance

a. planning

which document outlines all work required to complete the project? a. project scope document b. business plan c. baseline project plan d. feasibility document

a. project scope document

which of the following is NOT an example of a recurring cost? a. system conversion b. hardware leases c. data storage expenses d. software maintenance

a. system conversion

Most organizations find it beneficial to use a standard set of steps, called _, to develop and support their information systems a. systems development methodology b. Customer relationship management systems c. analytical processing systems d. supply chain management systems

a. systems development methodology

which of the following is true as it pertains to project identification and small organizations? a. the highest ranking IS manager typically selects the projects b. small organizations normally have a formal process c. small organization projects are normally borne out of a larger planning process d. the proposal process is rigorous

a. the highest ranking IS manager typically selects the projects

systems development projects are undertaken for two primary reasons: to take advantage of business opportunities and to solve business problems a. true b. false

a. true

deliverable

an end product of an SDLC phase

rational unified process (RUP)

an object-oriented systems development methodology which establishes four phases of development (inception, elaboration, construction, transition). each phase is organized into a number or separate iterations

corporate strategic planning

an ongoing process that defines the mission, objectives, and strategies of an organization

information systems planning (ISP)

an orderly means of assessing the information needs of an organization and defining the systems, databases, and technologies that will best satisfy those needs

resources

any person, group of people, piece of equipment, or material used in accomplishing an activity

eXtreme programming

approach to software development distinguished by short cycles, incremental planning, focus on automated tests written by programmers and customers to monitor the development process, and reliance on an evolutionary approach to development that lasts throughout the lifetime of the system

which of the below is a traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems a. prototyping b. SDLC c. RAD d. OOAD

b. SDLC

As an analyst, which type of project would you most likely have contact with in the beginning of your career? a. strategic goals projects b. bottom-up projects c. top-down projects d. planning of projects

b. bottom-up projects

which of the following is an example of an intangible cost? a. hardware costs b. customer goodwill c. employee training d. labor costs

b. customer goodwill

which is the first activity in the project planning phase? a. creating a preliminary budget b. describing project scope, alternatives, and feasibility c. setting a baseline project plan d. identifying and assessing risk

b. describing project scope, alternatives, and feasibility

In project initiation, the developer performs several activities to assess the size, scope, and complexity of the project and to establish procedures to support subsequent activities a. true b. false

b. false

an organizational approach to systems analysis and design is not driven by methodologies a. true b. false

b. false

most organizations never developed their applications from scratch using their in-house development staff a. true b. false

b. false

_ is a controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project a. project scheduling b. project management c. system analysis d. system design

b. project management

application software

computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes

who is typically responsible for performing the Project Initiation and Planning process? a. managers b. users c. the business unit d. system analyst

d. system analyst

which of the following factors does NOT have any influence on the selection of a potential project? a. duration b. complexity c. risk d. the IS manager list

d. the IS manager list

which of the following groups does NOT identify a bottom-up development project? a. managers b. IS development group c. business units d. top management

d. top management

_ is the process of dividing the project into manageable tasks and logically ordering them to ensure a smooth evolution between tasks a. project breakdown structure b. management breakdown structure c. task breakdown structure d. work breakdown structure

d. work breakdown structure

business-to-business

electronic commerce between business partners, such as suppliers and intermediaries

Business-to-consumer

electronic commerce between businesses and consumers

electronic commerce (EC)

internet-based communication to support day-to-day business activities

competitive strategy

method by which an organizations attempts to achieve its mission and objectives

computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools

software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process

object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD)

systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes

slack time

the amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project

time value of money (TVM)

the concept that money available today is worth more than the same amount tomorrow

total cost of ownership (TCO)

the cost of owning and operating a system, including the total cost of acquisition, as well as all costs associated with its ongoing use and maintenance

present value

the current value of a future cash flow

project closedown

the final phase of project management process that focuses on bringing a project to an end

maintenance

the final phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved

Planning

the first phase of the SDLC in which an organization's total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged

implementation

the fourth phase of the SDLC in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization

systems analyst

the organizational role most responsible for the analysis and design of information systems

logical design

the part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform

physical design

the part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed into technology specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished

outsourcing

the practice of turning over responsibility for some or all of an organizations information systems applications and operations to an outside firm

affinity clustering

the process of arranging planning matrix information so that clusters of information with a predetermined level or type of affinity are placed next to each other on a matrix report

legal and contractual feasibility

the process of assessing potential legal and contractual ramifications due to the construction of a system

operational feasibility

the process of assessing the degree to which a proposed system solves business problems or takes advantage of business opportunities

work breakdown structure

the process of dividing the project into manageable tasks and logically ordering them to ensure a smooth evolution between tasks

political feasibility

the process of evaluating how key stakeholders within the organization view the proposed system

inheritance

the property that occurs when entity types of object classes are arranged in a hierarchy and each entity type or object class assumes the attributes and methods of its ancestors. allows new but related classes to be derived from existing classes

cloud computing

the provision of computing resources, including applications, over the internet, so customers do not have to invest in the computing infrastructure needed to run and maintain the resources

discount rate

the rate of return used to compute the present value of future cash flows

analysis

the second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured

critical path

the shortest time in which a project can be completed

design

the third phase of SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical system specifications

systems development life cycle (SDLC)

the traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems

electronic data interchange (EDI)

the use of telecommunications to directly transfer business documents between organizations

agile methodologies 3 key principles:

(1) a focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies, (2) a focus on people rather than roles, and (3) a focus on self-adaptive processes

Gantt chart

A graphical representation of a project that shows each task as a horizontal bar whose length is proportional to its time for completion.

internet

A large, worldwide network of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other

incremental commitment

A strategy in systems analysis and design in which the project is reviewed after each phase and continuation of the project is rejustified.

feasibility study

A study that determines if the proposed information system makes sense for the organization from an economic and operational standpoint.

project manager

A systems analyst with a diverse set of skills—management, leadership, technical, conflict management, and customer relationship—who is responsible for initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

A technique that uses optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic time estimates to calculate the expected time for a particular task.

project workbook

An online or hard-copy repository for all project correspondence, inputs, outputs, deliverables, procedures, and standards that is used for performing project audits, orienting new team members, communicating with management and customers, identifying future projects, and performing post-project reviews.

value chain analysis

Analyzing an organization's activities to determine where value is added to products and/or services and the costs incurred for doing so; usually also includes a comparison with the activities, added value, and costs of other organizations for the purpose of making improvements in the organization's operations and performance.

the constructive cost model (COCOMO)

Automated software estimation model that uses historical project data and current as well as future project characteristics to estimate project costs.

business-to-employee

Electronic commerce between businesses and their employees

project initiation

The first phase of the project management process in which activities are performed to assess the size, scope, and complexity of the project and to establish procedures to support later project activities.

business case

The justification for an information system, presented in terms of the tangible and intangible economic benefits and costs and the technical and organizational feasibility of the proposed system

schedule feasibility

The process of assessing the degree to which the potential time frame and completion dates for all major activities within a project meet organizational deadlines and constraints for affecting change

project planning

The second phase of the project management process that focuses on defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity within a single project.

project execution

The third phase of the project management process in which the plans created in the prior phases (project initiation and planning) are put into action

tangible benefit

a benefit derived from the creation of an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty