Bus strategy chapter 12

22. Once established, company cultures can be perpetuated by A. systematic indoctrination of new members in the culture's fundamentals, frequent reiteration of core values by senior managers and group members, and regular ceremonies honoring members who display desired cultural behaviors. B. avoiding frequent or dramatic reorganizations that could disturb existing relationships and networking among departments and company personnel. C. making adherence to cultural beliefs and cultural norms the defining features of the company's strategic vision. D. rewarding departments that observe cultural norms with above-average budget increases and penalizing those who don't with budget cuts. E. making cultural values and beliefs the centerpiece of the company's competitive strategy.

A

46. Which of the following is not an example of an unhealthy company culture? A. Insular inwardly-focused cultures B. Change-resistant cultures C. Unethical and greed-driven cultures D. Politicized cultures E. Hyper-adaptive cultures

E

27. In a strong culture company, A. values and behavioral norms are like crabgrass—deeply rooted and hard to weed out. B. there is wide support for high ethical standards among both managers and employees. C. a company has more strategy flexibility because it can change its strategy and be confident that the culture will welcome the strategy changes and be an ally in implementing whatever changes are called for. D. there is little room for employee empowerment, because independent-thinking empowered employees may well make decisions or engage in actions that weaken the culture. E. management insists that official policies and procedures be followed religiously.

A

50. The place for management to begin in trying to change a problem culture is A. identifying facets of the present culture that are obstacles to operating excellence and then selling company personnel on a new set of behaviors and work practices. B. by spending heavily on programs to train employees in the ways and beliefs of the new culture to be implanted. C. to visibly praise and reward people who exhibit traits and behaviors that undermine the existing culture. D. writing a new values statement and describing in highly motivating terms the kind of culture that is needed. E. to institute incentive compensation programs that generously reward employees for adopting best practices.

A

59. The most important symbolic actions are those that top executives take to A. lead by example. B. lead by influence. C. follow by example. D. follow the majority. E. lead to the contrary.

A

64. Which of the following techniques are utilized by leaders to stay informed on how well strategy execution process is progressing? A. Managing by walking around (MBWA). B. Managing business with action (MBWA). C. Multi-business warning actions (MBWA). D. Managers being well-advised (MBWA). E. None of these.

A

68. Which of the following is NOT an example of leadership actions or managerial practices taken to foster a results-oriented, high-performance culture? A. Treating employees as individuals with no regard for their rank or contributions. B. Building morale and fostering pride. C. Setting stretch objectives and clearly communicating expectations for reaching targets. D. Using motivational techniques and compensation incentives to inspire employees. E. None of these.

A

7. Which one of the following is something to look for in identifying a company's culture? A. The spirit and character that pervades the work climate and the values, business principles, and ethical standards that management preaches and practices B. The company's track record in meeting or beating its financial and strategic performance targets C. The make-up of the company's value chain D. Its strategic intent and competitive strategy E. Its resource strengths, core competencies, and competitive capabilities

A

1. A company's corporate culture is best defined and identified by A. the strategy and business model that a company has adopted. B. the character of a company's internal work climate and personality—as shaped by the company's core values, business principles, traditions, ingrained behaviors of "how we do things around here," and style of operating. C. its statement of core values and its code of ethics. D. its internal politics. E. the traditions that company executives are committed to maintaining.

B

13. Codes of ethics and statements of core values A. are the single most effective means of enforcing ethical behavior and cultural norms, provided they are written down and every employee is given a copy. B. serve as cornerstones of the corporate culture at companies where executives are truly committed to practicing the values and ethical standards that have been espoused. C. are the best benchmarks for judging whether the corporate culture is deeply planted or not. D. need to be personally written by the CEO in order to be taken seriously by employees. E. should always be given top priority emphasis in every employee training program a company conducts.

B

18. To deeply ingrain core values and ethical standards, a company must A. provide every employee with a copy of the company's statement of core values and code of ethics. B. turn the espoused core values and ethical standards into strictly enforced cultural norms. C. encourage company personnel to observe the core values and ethical standards. D. give big pay raises and bonuses to individuals and groups who display the company's core values and observe its ethical standards. E. fire employees who do not live up to the core values or who are found guilty of violating the code of ethics.

B

19. Which of the following is not an integral part of transforming core values and ethical standards into cultural norms? A. Instituting procedures for enforcing ethical standards B. Immediately dismissing any employee caught violating the company's code of ethics or disregarding core values C. Screening out job applicants who do not exhibit compatible character traits D. Periodically having ceremonial occasions to recognize individuals and groups who display the values and ethical principles E. Having senior executives frequently reiterate the importance and role of company values and ethical principles at company events and internal communications to employees

B

21. Frequently, a significant part of a company's culture is captured in A. the company's strategic vision and strategic intent. B. the stories that get told over and over again to illustrate to newcomers the importance of certain values and the depth of commitment that various company personnel have displayed. C. how much stretch is built into the company's financial and strategic performance targets. D. the vigor and enthusiasm with which it engages in benchmarking and seeks out best practices. E. the company's track record in taking market share away from rivals.

B

25. Companies, especially ones with multinational operations and/or newly acquired businesses, typically have A. strong multiple cultures (or subcultures) rather than a single culture. B. multiple cultures (or subcultures) rather than a single culture. C. weak cultures. D. adaptive cultures. E. low performance cultures.

B

35. A work environment where the culture is well-matched to the conditions and behaviors requisite for good strategy execution is a valuable managerial ally because A. there is much less risk of embarrassing ethical violations. B. it provides company personnel with clear guidance regarding "how we do things around here" and produces significant peer pressures from co-workers to conform to culturally acceptable norms. C. there is reduced need to incorporate negative motivational practices and punitive-type incentives into the reward structure and in the company's approach to people management. D. there is reduced need to employ benchmarking, best practice programs, reengineering, Six Sigma, and TQM to achieve competitive advantage. E. the culture can then be readily incorporated into the company's strategic vision and facilitate the achievement of stretch objectives.

B

38. The hallmarks of a high performance corporate culture include A. frequently revised and updated values and ethics statements, a deep commitment to employee training, and unusually attractive fringe benefit packages for company personnel. B. a "can-do" spirit, pride in doing things right, no-excuses accountability, and a pervasive results-oriented work climate where people go the extra mile to meet or beat stretch objectives. C. a balanced scorecard approach to measuring performance, strong emphasis on teamwork, strict enforcement of company policies and procedures, and incentive compensation for all employees. D. a deep commitment to pioneering new best practices, a preference for being a fast-follower as opposed to a first-mover or late-mover, and across-the-board bonuses for all personnel when the company meets or beats stretch objectives. E. a deep commitment to top-notch quality and superior customer service, dedicated use of TQM and/or Six Sigma quality control programs, and the payment of big performance bonuses and stock options.

B

61. Leading the drive for good strategy execution and operating excellence calls upon senior executives to A. be very personable, an effective communicator, and skilled in the empowerment of company personnel. B. be out front personally leading the implementation process and driving the pace of progress. C. delegate little to subordinates and, instead, personally exert a strong, highly visible influence on the company's approaches to strategy execution. D. be creative in establishing policies and procedures that will instill high standards of operating excellence. E. be charismatic, a decisive decision-maker, and make inspiring speeches at company events.

B

14. Which of the following topics would least likely be contained in a company's statement of its core values? A. A commitment to having fun and creating a fun work environment B. A commitment to excellence and results C. Mandating full compliance with all laws and regulations D. Exhibiting such qualities as integrity, fairness, trustworthiness, pride of workmanship, Golden Rule behavior, respect for co-workers, and ethical behavior E. Exhibiting teamwork and cooperative attitudes

C

24. Which one of the following statements about a company's culture is false? A. The more new employees a company is hiring the more important it becomes to screen job applicants every bit as much for how well their values, beliefs, and personalities match up with the culture as for their technical skills and experience. B. The longer people stay at an organization, the more that they come to embrace and mirror the corporate culture—their values and beliefs tend to be molded by mentors, fellow workers, company training programs, and the reward structure. C. A company's culture, once established, tends to remain stable and entrenched over time. D. Typically, key elements of the culture originate with a founder or certain strong leaders who articulated them as a set of business principles, company policies, operating approaches, and ways of dealing with employees, customers, vendors, shareholders, and local communities where the company has operations. E. Company cultures can be perpetuated by the telling and retelling of company legends, by regular ceremonies honoring members who display desired cultural behaviors, and by visibly rewarding those who display cultural norms and penalizing those who don't.

C

26. The hallmark of a strong-culture company is A. strictly enforced policies and procedures. B. a strongly entrenched competitive strategy. C. the dominating presence of certain deeply-rooted values and operating approaches that "regulate" the conduct of a company's business and the climate of its workplace. D. decentralized decision-making and empowered employees. E. a deep commitment to benchmarking, best practices, and operating excellence.

C

36. Which of the following is a benefit of closely aligning the corporate culture with the requirements for proficient strategy execution? A. A good strategy-culture alignment makes it possible to establish a much bolder strategic vision and strategic intent. B. A good strategy-culture alignment enhances a company's cost competitiveness. C. A tight strategy-culture fit steers company personnel into displaying behaviors and adopting operating practices that promote good strategy execution. D. A tight strategy-culture alignment enhances the creation of core competencies and distinctive competencies. E. A tight strategy-culture alignment makes it easier to change a company's culture over time—as a company's strategy evolves, the culture automatically evolves also.

C

41. The hallmark of an adaptive corporate culture is A. a shared willingness to adapt core values to fit the changing requirements of an evolving strategy. B. a conservative strategy, prudent risk-taking, and strong peer pressures to observe cultural norms. C. willingness on the part of organizational members to accept change and take on the challenge of introducing and executing new strategies. D. a commitment to the types of core values and ethical standards that make a company a great place to work. E. a strong preference for performance-based compensation systems—especially the payment of bonuses and stock options.

C

45. Unhealthy company cultures typically have such characteristics as A. tight budget controls, overly strict enforcement of longstanding polices and procedures, and low ethical standards. B. a preference for conservative strategies, an aversion to incentive compensation, and excessive emphasis on profitability. C. a politicized internal environment, hostility to change and an aversion to looking outside the company for best practices, new managerial approaches, and innovative ideas. D. overemphasis on employee empowerment, a complacent approach to building competencies and capabilities, no coherent business philosophy, and excessively bureaucratic policies and procedures. E. too little emphasis on innovation, a strong preference for hiring managers from outside the company, very few core values and traditions, and a weakly enforced code of ethics.

C

58. Which one of the following is not likely to be an effective management action to create a better strategy-culture fit and alter a problem culture? A. Citing why and how certain behavioral norms and work practices in the current culture pose obstacles to good execution of new strategic initiatives B. Explaining how certain new behaviors and work practices that are to be introduced and have important roles in the new culture will be more advantageous and produce better results C. Calling upon first-level supervisors and rank-and-file employees to identify cultural barriers to good strategy execution and then lead the cultural change effort D. Granting pay raises to individuals who step out front, lead the adoption of the desired work practices, display the new-style behaviors, and achieve pace-setting results E. Revising policies and procedures in ways that will help drive cultural change

C

66. The leadership challenges that top executives face in making corrective adjustments when things are not going well include A. knowing when to replace poorly performing subordinates and when to do a better job of coaching them to do the right things. B. being able to discern whether to emphasize adjustments that will promote better achievement of strategic performance targets or whether to emphasize adjustments that will promote better achievement of financial performance targets. C. deciding when adjustments are needed and what adjustments to make. D. having the analytical skills to separate the problems due to a bad strategy from the problems due to bad strategy execution. E. deciding whether the company would be better off making adjustments that curtail the achievement of strategic objectives or that curtail the achievement of financial objectives or that curtail the achievement of some of both.

C

10. At companies where executives believe in the merits of practicing the values and ethical standards that have been espoused A. the executives have usually personally written the statement of core values and the code of ethics. B. the company's pursuit of higher profits is tempered, so that the company will not come across to customers and the general public as greedy. C. the company's chances for strategic success and market leadership are substantially reduced because company personnel are hesitant to engage in business practices that are unethical. D. the stated core values and ethical principles are the cornerstones of the corporate culture. E. the core values and ethical standards are made a prominent and visible part of the company's strategic intent and strategy.

D

16. A company's stated core values and ethical principles A. are important because of their role in ensuring that company executives will not engage in unethical behavior or behave in a manner that is contrary to the company's core values. B. are typically tightly linked to its strategic vision and strategy. C. are the best indicators of a company's social responsibility strategy. D. help create a work climate where company personnel share common and strongly-held convictions about how the company's business is to be conducted and signal employees that they are expected to display the core values in their actions and behaviors and uphold the company's ethical standards. E. are strictly enforced in strong culture companies and weakly enforced in weak culture companies.

D

23. Which one of the following is not particularly helpful in perpetuating a company's culture? A. Systematic indoctrination of new members in the culture's fundamentals. B. Frequent reiteration of core values by senior managers and group members. C. Visibly rewarding those who display cultural norms and penalizing those who don't. D. Maintaining a consistent strategic vision and strategic intent over time. E. Telling and retelling of company legends and regular ceremonies honoring members who display desired cultural behaviors.

D

3. Which one of the following is not a fundamental part of a company's culture? A. The work practices and behaviors that define "how we do things around here" B. The company's standards of what is ethically acceptable and what is not, along with the "chemistry" and "personality" that permeates its work environment C. The core values and business principles that management preaches and practices D. The company's strategic vision, strategic intent, and strategy E. The legends and stories that people repeat to illustrate and reinforce the company's core values, traditions, and business practices

D

30. Which of the following is not a factor in contributing to the emergence and sustainability of a strong culture? A. Continuity of leadership, small group size, stable group membership, geographic concentration, and considerable organizational success B. A founder or strong leader who establishes values, principles, and practices that are consistent and sensible in light of customer needs, competitive conditions, and strategic requirements C. A sincere, long-standing company commitment to operating the business according to established traditions, thereby creating an internal environment that supports decision making and strategies based on cultural norms D. Centralized decision-making, strict enforcement of company policies, and a strong commitment to being the market share leader E. A genuine concern for the well-being of the organization's three biggest constituencies—customers, employees, and shareholders

D

42. In adaptive corporate cultures, A. the prevailing view is that the best way of looking out for the interests of employees is to change core values and cultural norms in whatever ways are needed to fit the changing requirements of an evolving strategy. B. company personnel are amenable to changing policies and operating practices as long as the core elements of the company's strategic vision and strategy remain intact. C. members are willing to embrace a proactive approach to trying new ideas, altering operating practices, and changing pieces of the strategy provided it doesn't imperil their job security, entail cuts in compensation, or require different work practices. D. there's a spirit of doing what's necessary to ensure long-term organizational success provided that core values and business principles are not compromised and provided top management undertakes the changes in a manner that exhibits genuine concern for the legitimate interests of stakeholders. E. there is little need for policies and procedures because group members willingly accept experimentation and innovation.

D

56. Which one of the following is not a substantive culture-changing action that a company's managers can undertake to alter a problem culture? A. Promoting individuals who are known to possess the desired cultural traits, who have stepped forward to advocate the shift to a different culture, and who can serve as role models for the desired cultural behavior B. Appointing outsiders with the desired cultural attributes to high-profile positions C. Screening all candidates for new positions carefully, hiring only those who appear to fit in with the new culture D. Urging company personnel to search outside the company for work practices and operating approaches that may be an improvement over what the company is presently doing and paying sizable bonuses to those employees who identify practices that the company ends up adopting E. Designing compensation incentives that boost the pay of teams and individuals who display the desired cultural behaviors and hit change-resisters in the pocketbook

D

60. When a company's culture is out of sync with what is needed for strategic success and good strategy execution, A. the strategy has to be changed to fit the culture as rapidly as possible. B. the company's strategic vision, strategic intent, and strategy have to be adjusted to better reflect ingrained core values and cultural norms. C. management needs to go on the offensive to reinterpret the culture and explain to company personnel why there really is good overall cultural fit with the strategy. D. the culture has to be changed to accommodate the requirements of good strategy execution as rapidly as can be managed. E. management must urge company to participate in an all-out effort to create a different portfolio of competencies and capabilities that will permit the strategy to be changed in ways that will fit the culture.

D

63. Which of the following is not one of the leadership roles that senior managers have to play in pushing for good strategy execution and operating excellence? A. Learning the obstacles in the path of good execution and clearing the way for progress. B. Being out in the field, seeing how well operations are going. C. Being out front personally leading the execution process and driving the pace of progress. D. Weeding out managers who are consistently in the ranks of the lowest performers (the bottom 10%) and who are not enthusiastic about the strategy or how it is being executed. E. Delegating authority to middle and lower-level managers and creating a sense of empowerment among employees to move the implementation process forward.

D

8. A company's culture is typically grounded in and shaped by A. its core competencies and competitive capabilities. B. its long-term strategic success or lack thereof. C. the degree to which top management is committed to achieving market leadership. D. its core values and the bar it sets for ethical standards. E. the company's strategic intent and its reward system.

D

17. Which of the following is not a technique that companies employ to hammer in and ingrain core values and ethical standards? A. Incorporating the statement of values and the code of ethics into orientation programs for new employees and training courses for managers and employees B. Making the display of core values and ethical principles a big factor in evaluating each person's job performance C. Encouraging everyone to use their influence in helping enforce observance of core values and ethical standards D. Periodically having ceremonial occasions to recognize individuals and groups who display the values and ethical principles E. Downplaying ethics enforcement procedures

E

2. The character of a company's corporate culture is a product of A. the core values and business principles that management preaches and practices. B. its standards of what is ethically acceptable and what is not and the stories that get told over and over to illustrate and reinforce the company's values, business practices, and traditions. C. the company's approach to people management and the "chemistry" and "personality" that permeates its work environment. D. the work practices and behaviors that define "how we do things around here." E. All of these.

E

20. Which of the following is not one of the positive impacts that a company's stated values and ethical standards have on its corporate culture? A. Communicating the company's good intentions B. Validating the integrity and above-board nature of the company's business principles and operating methods C. Steering company personnel toward both doing things right and doing the right thing D. Establishing a corporate conscience E. None of these.

E

28. The characteristics of a strong culture company include A. deeply-rooted values and operating approaches that "regulate" the conduct of a company's business and the climate of its workplace. B. a strong managerial commitment to display company values and principles in their own actions and behavior. C. dedicated efforts on the part of management to communicating values and business principles to organization members and explaining how they relate to the company's business environment. D. using core values and ingrained business principles as guides in making decisions. E. All of these.

E

5. A company's culture is not manifested in which one of the following? A. Its approaches to people management and problem-solving and in the "chemistry" and "personality" that permeates the work environment. B. Its revered traditions and the stories that get told over and over to illustrate the importance of certain values. C. The peer pressures that exist to do things in particular ways and conform to expected norms. D. The company's approach to people management and its official policies, procedures, and operating practices that paint the white lines for the behavior of company personnel. E. Its strategic vision, strategic intent, and strategy.

E

52. In moving to alter a problem culture, management should A. identify which aspects of the present culture are supportive of good strategy execution and which ones are not. B. specify what new actions, behaviors, and work practices should be prominent in the "new" culture. C. talk openly about the problems of the present culture and how new behaviors will improve performance. D. employ visible, forceful actions—both substantive and symbolic—to ingrain a new set of behaviors, practices and cultural norms. E. All of these.

E

54. The menu of actions management can take to change problem culture does not include which one of the following? A. Making a compelling case for why the company's new strategic direction and culture-remodeling efforts are in the organization's best interests and why company personnel should wholeheartedly join the effort to doing things somewhat differently. B. Replacing senior executives who are strongly identified with the old culture and who may be stonewalling needed organizational and cultural changes. C. Promoting individuals who are known to possess the desired cultural traits, who have stepped forward to advocate the shift to a different culture, and who can serve as role models for the desired cultural behavior. D. Revising policies and procedures in ways that will help drive cultural change. E. Shifting from decentralized to centralized decision-making so as to give senior executives more authority and control in driving cultural change.

E

65. Which of the following managerial practices are used to successfully lead the effort to foster a results-oriented, high-performance culture? A. Using empowerment to help create a fully engaged workforce. B. Making champions out of the people who spearhead new ideas and/or turn in winning performances. C. Celebrating individual, group, and company successes. D. Treating employees as valued partners in the drive for operating excellence and good business performance. E. All of these.

E

67. Which of the following is an example of leadership actions or managerial practices taken to foster a results-oriented, high-performance culture? A. Treating employees as valued partners. B. Utilize people-management practices to build morale and foster pride. C. Setting stretch objectives and clearly communicating expectations for reaching targets. D. Using motivational techniques and compensation incentives to inspire employees. E. All of these.

E

70. The corporate strategy process does NOT entail A. crafting, implementing and executing plans. B. fine-tuning and adjusting corporate vision and objectives. C. a continuous process of crafting and executing strategy to fit changing circumstances. D. recycling the linked stages of executing strategy. E. None of these.

E

4. A company's culture is in part defined and identified by A. a company's internal work climate and personality—as shaped by its core values, work practices, traditions, and ingrained behaviors that define "how we do things around here." B. whether it employs a low-cost provider, best-cost provider, differentiation or focused strategy. C. whether decision-making is centralized or decentralized and whether it is a single-business company or a diversified company. D. how strongly its strategic vision is linked to the company's core values. E. whether it is a well-known industry leader, an up-and-coming company that is gaining market share, a middle-of-the-pack company unlikely to move up in the industry ranks, or an industry also-ran that may or may not survive.

A

40. Which one of the following statements about a high performance culture is true? A. Results-oriented, high performance cultures are permeated with a spirit of achievement and have a good track record in meeting or beating performance targets. B. High performance cultures often have a low regard for high ethical standards (because some disregard for ethics is a normal part of meeting or beating performance targets). C. The challenge in creating a high performance culture is to come up with a strategic vision and strategy that wins enthusiastic support from most all company personnel. D. In a high performance culture, the clear and unyielding expectation is that all company personnel will strictly follow company policies and procedures. E. In high performance cultures, there's strong managerial commitment to paying big bonuses and granting generous stock options.

A

48. Changing a problem culture A. is one of the toughest managerial tasks because of the heavy anchor of ingrained behaviors and ways of doing things. B. is best done by instituting an aggressive program to train employees in the ways and beliefs of the new culture to be implanted. C. is best done by selecting a team of key employees to lead the culture change effort. D. requires writing a new statement of core values, having a series of lengthy meetings with employees to explain the new culture and the reasons why cultural change is needed, and then having both employees and shareholders vote to ratify and adopt the new culture. E. can be done quickly only if managers tie incentive compensation to exhibiting the desired new cultural behaviors and if managers visibly praise people who exhibit the desired new cultural traits.

A

9. A company's values statement and code of ethics A. communicate expectations of how employees should conduct themselves in the workplace. B. helps prevent it from coming across to customers and the general public as greedy. C. serve the valuable purpose of making its suppliers hesitant to engage in business practices that are unethical. D. are the most important factors determining its reputation with customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, and society at large. E. should always be made a prominent and visible part of the company's strategic intent and strategy.

A

39. Which one of the following statements about a high performance culture is false? A. Results-oriented, high performance cultures are permeated with a spirit of achievement and have a good track record in meeting or beating performance targets. B. High performance cultures often have a low regard for high ethical standards, a strong preference for high-risk strategies, and a slow and methodical approach to responding to changes in the marketplace. C. The challenge in creating a high performance culture is to inspire high loyalty and dedication on the part of employees, such that they are both energized and preoccupied with putting forth their very best efforts to do things right and be unusually productive. D. In a high performance culture, the clear and unyielding expectation is that all company personnel, from senior executives to front-line employees will display high performance behaviors and a passion for making the company successful. E. In high performance cultures, there's a strong sense of involvement on the part of company personnel and emphasis on individual initiative and creativity.

B

43. Which of the following statements about adaptive corporate cultures is false? A. The hallmark of adaptive corporate cultures is willingness on the part of organizational members to accept change and take on the challenge of introducing and executing new strategies. B. The standout cultural traits are a "can-do" spirit, pride in doing things right, no-excuses accountability, and a pervasive results-oriented work climate where people go the extra mile to meet or beat stretch objectives. C. Company personnel share a feeling of confidence that the organization can deal with whatever threats and opportunities come down the pike; they are receptive to risk taking, experimentation, innovation, and changing strategies and practices. D. Adaptive cultures are exceptionally well-suited to companies with fast-changing strategies and market environments. E. For an adaptive culture to remain intact over time, top management must orchestrate organizational changes in a manner that (1) demonstrates genuine care for the well-being of all key constituencies and (2) tries to satisfy all their legitimate interests simultaneously.

B

47. Companies with change-resistant cultures A. are typically opposed to performance-based incentive compensation and employee empowerment. B. are prone to be preoccupied with avoiding risks, are unlikely to pursue bold actions to capture emerging opportunities, are frequently lax when it comes to product innovation and continuous improvement in performing value chain activities, and prefer following rather than leading market change. C. are often overly gung-ho about looking outside the company for best practices, new managerial approaches, and innovative ideas. D. tend to be preoccupied with making sure the company has a safe, follow-the-industry-leader type of strategic vision and avoids risky business strategies. E. are typically run by amoral managers who have little regard for high ethical standards.

B

49. The single most visible factor that distinguishes successful culture-change efforts from failed attempts is A. forceful management actions to empower employees to adopt new operating practices. B. competent leadership at the top. C. de-layering the management hierarchy. D. developing a new values statement that inspires company personnel to put forth their best efforts to achieve performance targets. E. convincing employees that top management is genuinely committed to high ethical standards and the exercise of corporate social responsibility.

B

51. When trying to change a problem culture, management should undertake such steps as A. selecting a team of key employees to lead the culture change effort and design a plan for cultural change. B. identifying which aspects of the present culture are supportive of good strategy execution and which ones are not and then selling the work force on what new actions, behaviors, and work practices are needed to improve performance. C. drawing up an action plan to change the present culture and then persuading company personnel why this plan of action is good and will be successful. D. conducting an employee survey to determine the organization's cultural norms and what company personnel like and dislike about the current culture. E. employing a consultant with expertise in culture change and following his/her advice on how to proceed.

B

55. Which one of the following is a substantive culture-changing action that a company's managers can undertake to alter a problem culture? A. Identifying aspects of the present culture that pose problems. B. Revising policies and procedures in ways that will help drive cultural change and replacing senior executives who are strongly identified with the old culture and may be stonewalling needed changes. C. Empowering employees to adopt whatever new work practices they believe will be an improvement. D. Making a concerted effort to turn the company's core competencies into distinctive competencies. E. Shifting from decentralized to centralized decision-making so as to give senior executives more authority and control in driving cultural change.

B

6. Which one of the following is not something to look for in identifying a company's culture? A. The spirit and character that pervades the work climate B. Its resource strengths, core competencies, and competitive capabilities C. The company's revered traditions and oft-repeated stories about "heroic acts" and "how we do things around here" D. The company's approach to people management and the official policies, procedures, and operating practices that paint the white lines for the behavior of company personnel E. The values, business principles, and ethical standards that management preaches and practices

B

29. Which of the following contribute to the emergence and sustainability of a strong culture? A. Senior executives that walk the talk of high ethical standards B. A strong emphasis on developing innovative core competencies and competitive capabilities C. A sincere, long-standing company commitment to operating the business according to established traditions, thereby creating an internal environment that supports decision making and strategies based on cultural norms D. Centralized decision-making and strict enforcement of company policies E. A longstanding commitment to strict enforcement of established policies and procedures and steadfast unwillingness to change these policies and procedures

C

33. Which one of the following is not a typical characteristic of a weak company culture? A. A lack of values and principles that are consistently preached or widely shared. B. A tendency among employees to view their jobs as a just a way of making a living.C. A complicated value chain and a very diverse set of core competencies—both of which act to create multiple subcultures.D. Few widely-revered traditions and few culture-induced norms.E. No strong employee allegiance to what the company stands for or to operating the business in well-defined ways.

C

34. Which one of the following statements about a weak company culture is true? A. In a weak culture company, there is virtually no employee support for the company's strategic vision and strategy. B. Weak culture companies do not usually have a code of ethics and have little regard for high ethical standards. C. Weak cultures provide little assistance in executing strategy because there are no traditions, values, or behavioral norms that management can use as levers to mobilize commitment to executing the chosen strategy. D. Weak culture companies are fairly receptive to change and to people who champion new ways of doing things. E. In a weak culture company, there is usually little teamwork, a dearth of intellectual capital, and inattention to building core competencies.

C

53. Which one of the following is not an appropriate step management can take to change a problem culture? A. Identifying which aspects of the present culture are supportive of good strategy execution and which ones are not B. Specifying what new actions, behaviors, and work practices should be prominent in the "new" culture C. Appointing a team of key managers and employees to design a plan for cultural change and then lead the internal effort to change the culture D. Talking openly about the problems of the present culture and how new behaviors will improve performance E. Employing visible, forceful actions—both substantive and symbolic—to ingrain a new set of behaviors, practices and cultural norms

C

57. Changing a problem culture to create better alignment with strategy generally does not involve A. replacing old-culture managers with new-breed managers. B. designing compensation incentives that boost the pay of teams and individuals who display the desired cultural behaviors and hit change-resisters in the pocketbook. C. altering the company's strategic vision and/or its strategic and financial objectives. D. using company gatherings and ceremonial occasions to praise individuals and groups that display the desired new cultural traits and behaviors. E. both symbolic and substantive actions by executives to implant new cultural behaviors.

C

69. The task of top executives in making corrective adjustments includes A. knowing when to continue with the present corporate culture and when to shift to a different and better corporate culture. B. being good at figuring out whether to arrive at decisions quickly or slowly in choosing among the various alternative adjustments. C. deciding when adjustments are needed and what adjustments to make. D. deciding whether to try to fix the problems of poor strategy execution or simply shift to a strategy that is easier to execute correctly. E. deciding how to identify the problems that need fixing.

C

11. A corporate culture founded on ethical business principles and socially approved values A. virtually guarantees that a company will be (or soon become) the acknowledged industry leader because of the ethical and socially approved manner in which its business is being conducted. B. doesn't necessarily impact a company's long-term strategic success favorably or unfavorably. C. does more to detract from a company's chances for strategic success and market leadership than to help it. D. is a positive force underlying a company's long-term success and reduces the likelihood of reputation-damaging behavior on the part of a company's employees. E. is seldom more than window-dressing and is generally regarded by customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, and society at large as nothing more than good public relations.

D

12. The two culture-building roles of a company's stated values and ethical standards are to A. communicate the company's good intentions and establish a corporate conscience. B. confirm the integrity of company personnel and signal the above-board nature of the company's business principles and operating methods. C. steer company personnel toward doing the right thing and convince outsiders that the company is socially responsible. D. help create a work climate where company personnel share common and strongly held convictions about how the company's business is to be conducted and to signal employees that they are to display the company's core values in their actions and uphold the company's ethical standards. E. provide a basis for designing culture-supportive incentive compensation plans.

D

15. Which of the following topics would least likely be contained in a company's code of ethics? A. Prohibiting giving or accepting bribes, kickbacks, or gifts B. Expecting all company personnel to display honesty and integrity in their actions and avoid conflicts of interest C. Not dealing with suppliers that employ child labor or engage in other unsavory practices D. Committing to a no-layoff policy and to adequate funding of employee retirement programs E. Avoiding use of company assets, resources, and property for personal or other inappropriate purposes

D

31. Which of the following statements about a strong-culture company is false? A. In a strong-culture company, culturally-approved behaviors and ways of doing things are nurtured while culturally-disapproved behaviors and work practices get squashed. B. In strong culture companies, senior managers make a point of reiterating key principles and core values to organization members; more importantly, they make a conscious effort to display these principles and values in their own actions and behavior and they insist that company values and business principles be reflected in the decisions and actions taken by all company personnel. C. Continuity of leadership, small group size, stable group membership, geographic concentration, and considerable organizational success all contribute to the emergence and sustainability of a strong culture. D. Centralized decision-making, strict enforcement of company policies, diligent pursuit of a distinctive competence, and a bold strategic intent are the hallmarks of a strong-culture company. E. In a strong-culture company, values and behavioral norms are like crabgrass: deeply rooted and hard to weed out.

D

32. Which one of the following is a typical characteristic of a weak company culture? A. Very little cultural support for the company's strategic vision and strategy B. No code of ethics and deep hostility to change and to people who champion new ways of doing things C. A complicated value chain that acts to create multiple subcultures D. A lack of values and principles that are consistently preached or widely shared E. No strong sense of teamwork

D

37. Which of the following statements about the match between a company's culture and its strategy is false? A. When a company's present work climate promotes attitudes and behaviors that are well suited to first-rate strategy execution, its culture functions as a valuable ally in the strategy execution process. B. A deeply embedded culture tightly matched to the strategy aids the cause of competent strategy execution by steering company personnel to culturally-approved behaviors and work practices and thus making it far simpler to root out operating practices that are a misfit. C. It is in management's best interest to dedicate considerable effort to embedding a corporate culture that encourages behaviors and work practices conducive to good strategy execution. D. A tight strategy-culture alignment facilitates building core competencies and distinctive competencies that lead to low operating costs and a cost-based competitive advantage. E. When a company's culture is grounded in many of the needed strategy-executing behaviors, employees feel genuinely better about their jobs and what the company is trying to accomplish; as a consequence, greater numbers of company personnel exert their best efforts to execute the strategy and achieve performance targets.

D

44. Which of the following is not a common trait of an unhealthy company culture? A. A politicized internal environment and empire-building managers who jealously guard their turf B. Hostility to change and a wariness of people who champion new ways of doing things C. An aversion to looking outside the company for best practices, new managerial approaches, and innovative ideas D. An aversion to incentive compensation, failure to recruit the best and brightest employees, subpar support for employee training, overemphasis on working in teams, and low ethical standards E. Overzealous pursuit of wealth and status on the part of key executives

D

71. Which of the following is the best test of good strategic leadership? A. Whether the company has a good strategy and business model B. Whether the enterprise is meeting or beating its performance targets C. Whether the strategy is being completely executed D. All of these E. None of these

D

62. In leading the push for proficient strategy execution and operating excellence, the roles of top-level managers include A. Being out in the field, seeing how well operations are going. B. Delegating authority to middle and lower-level managers and creating a sense of empowerment among employees to move the implementation process forward. C. Gathering information firsthand and gauging the progress being made. D. Learning the obstacles in the path of good execution and clearing the way for progress. E. All of these

E