Busi 310 Week 5
When a manager assigns an employee a new task, the employee then has ______ for that task.
accountability
A strategy for enabling a firm to be responsive and competitive is to develop leadership in its ______.
core capabilities
A(n) ______ reward is a reward the person derives directly from performing the job itself.
intrinsic
A network of national standards institutions from more than 160 countries developed a series of voluntary quality standards known as _______.
ISO 9001
Which three of the following are needs that managers in the United States care most strongly about? (Choose every correct answer.)
Esteem Achievement Self-actualization
What is job rotation?
Moving workers from one task to another to alleviate boredom.
______ involves eliminating or removing undesirable consequences when people perform organizationally functional behaviors.
Negative reinforcement
Which of the following are well-known advantages of functional departmentalization? (Choose every correct answer.)
Opportunities for specialized training Achieving economies of scale Better maintenance of performance standards
Which of the following are examples of hygiene factors? (Choose every correct answer.)
Pay Working conditions Company policies
Which of the following needs among the five needs presented by Maslow are generally well-satisfied in the modern workplace? (Choose every correct answer.)
Safety Physiological
Maslow is noted for making managers aware of the importance of which need in particular?
Self-actualization
What happens during the process of extinction? (Choose every correct answer.)
The employee does not repeat the behavior. The employee loses motivation. The employee's behavior is not rewarded.
The CEO's power is derived from the ______.
board of directors
When decision making is spread to lower levels throughout an organization, it is considered highly ______.
decentralized
As tasks of organizations become increasingly complex, the organization inevitably must be ______ into smaller units.
departmentalized
When an organization relies on division of labor and job specialization, it has a high degree of ______.
differentiation
Sharing power with employees, and thus making them feel more confident and influential on the job, is called ______.
empowerment
People's perceived likelihood that an effort will enable them to attain their performance goals is called ______.
expectancy
If one of the partners has expertise in technology or specific market segments, an alliance may eliminate the need to hire ______.
experts
True or false: Assessments of equity are made objectively.
false
Empowerment encourages beliefs among employees that they ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
feel capable of performing their jobs with autonomy and competence believe that they have an impact on strategic decisions perceive meaning in their work
In a functional organization, people have ______.
greater opportunity for specialized training and in-depth skill development
Olivia, the CEO of an international Internet security company, seeks input from her top management team and from lower levels of the company about the direction the company should take. By doing this, Olivia is building a ______.
high-involvement organization
Olivia, the CEO of an international Internet security company, seeks input from her top management team and from lower levels of the company about the direction the company should take. By doing this, Olivia is building a ______. Multiple choice question.
high-involvement organization
What are the factors of Herzberg's theory that describe the job itself?
motivators
When units interact with one another to make accommodations to achieve flexible coordination, this is referred to as coordination by ______.
mutual adjustment
Growth need strength is the degree to which individuals want ______ development. (Choose every correct answer.)
personal psychological
Growth need strength is the degree to which individuals want ______.
personal and psychological development
According to Maslow, self-actualization involves reaching one's full ______.
potential
Marie consistently tries to exert her control over coworkers. Marie has a high need for which of the three needs identified by McClelland?
power
To be successful, a firm using the network structure must choose collaborators that ______.
provide complementary strengths
Negative reinforcement entails removing an undesirable consequence when desirable behaviors are performed. On the other hand, is administering an aversive consequence when dysfunctional behaviors are performed.
punishment
The most powerful goals are ______.
purposes that appeal to people's higher values
With job ______, workers who spend all their time in one routine task can instead move from one task to another.
rotation
As people work and realize ______, they assess how fairly the organization treats them.
the outcomes of their actions
The idea that each employee should have only one boss is also known as the ______.
unity-of-command principle
When a workforce is dissatisfied, it is more likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics? (Choose every correct answer.)
Bad customer service High absenteeism Poor mental health
Emilia works in accounting and likes her job because she feels that her work is essential to the company's daily operations. Emilia is experiencing which psychological state?
Believing that she is doing something meaningful.
What is it called when a manager fails to respond to an employee's behavior, and therefore the employee avoids repeating that behavior?
Extinction
Deming's 14 points of quality emphasized a ______ approach to management. Multiple choice question.
Holistic
The law of effect states that behavior will be repeated if it is followed by which kind of consequences?
Positive
A firm wishing to be a true ______ organization should have people who engage in disciplined thinking.
learning
Herzberg's ______ theory describes categories that affect people at work.
two-factor
Learning organizations are good at ______.
gaining insight from prior experiences
When a company decentralizes its decision making and allows employees to rely more heavily on judgment than on rules, the company is using a(n) ______ structure.
organic
A consequence that people receive for their actions is called a(n) ______.
outcome
A common pattern in a hierarchy is for people to have more ______ than ______.
responsibility; authority
Which kind of performance goal can be dysfunctional and create competition among team members?
Individual
What is administering an aversive consequence called?
Punishment
Which one of the following is NOT a need in Maslow's hierarchy?
Self-reliance
A person who coordinates and integrates participants in a network is referred to as a(n) ______.
broker
A company's knowledge, expertise, and skills that underlie its ability to be a leader in providing a range of specific goods and services is its ______.
core capability
Six sigma product defects include all the following except ______.
deficient corporate culture
Within the structure of an organization, differentiation is achieved through ______.
division of labor and job specialization
A(n) organization groups all functions within a single division and then duplicates functions across all divisions.
divisional
Setting a goal to learn, rather than a goal to achieve a specific performance level, is appropriate when ______.
employees lack ability or knowledge
Equity theory describes people's assessments of how ______.
fairly they are treated
The leverage point that involves understanding what people want to get out of work is ______.
identifying positively valent outcomes
If a person's need for power is expressed as a negative force, such as the exploitation of others, it is called _____ power.
personalized
People are more likely to support decisions and decision makers when they perceive ______.
procedural fairness
Phil ensures that his employees get extra time off when their performance and productivity is exceptionally high. This is an example of positive .
reinforcement
The five types of needs in Maslow's hierarchy are physiological, safety or security, social, ego or esteem, and ______.
self-actualization
Task is the core job dimension based on the degree of importance and positive impact the job has on others.
significance
Managers must usually restructure their internal processes and relationships with customers in fundamental ways to achieve ______ quality.
six sigma
Extra resources that organizations can rely on in a pinch are known as resources.
slack
Organizations with an organic structure and relatively few rules and formal procedures are generally ______ companies.
small batch
Large corporations have boards of directors that are elected by ______.
stockholders
With six sigma, the product or process is defect-free ______ of the time.
99.99966%
According to McClelland, the need for achievement is characterized by a strong orientation toward which of the following?
Accomplishment
______ is the right to expect subordinates to perform their jobs and, the right to take corrective action if they fail to complete those jobs.
Accountability
Which of the following are ways to offer feedback to employees on their performance? (Choose every correct answer.)
Asking customers for feedback that can be passed along to employees Giving regular, ongoing feedback Conducting performance reviews regularly
The legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do is called ______
Authority
______ is having the power and right to make decisions and to do whatever is necessary to fulfill the responsibility.
Authority
What employee behaviors should NOT be rewarded, since they do not lead to high performance? (Check all that apply.)
Avoiding risk Mindless conformity Quick fixes
The ______ is personally accountable to the owners and the board of directors for the performance of the organization.
CEO
The role of top management teams is to meet regularly with the ______ and to assist in making decisions.
CEO
Goals should be which of the following?
Challenging and attainable
Which of the following is one of the eight categories of quality of life?
Chance for personal growth
Which of the following are typically included in the top management team?
Chief Financial Officer Chief Executive Officer President
Which of the following belong in the eight categories of quality of work life? (Choose every correct answer.)
Constitutionalism Social responsibility Healthy environment
Which motivation theory identifies the kinds of needs that people want to satisfy?
Content theory
True or false: Independence and discretion in making decisions at work is called valence.
False
Connor often reprimands his employees for minor mistakes and criticizes their efforts. What response are they likely to have?
Fear
In which theory do managers set goals for employees?
Goal-setting
Which motivation theory states that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end?
Goal-setting theory
According to Alderfer's ERG theory, what needs motivate people to productively or creatively change themselves or their environments?
Growth
What is the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome?
Instrumentality
Which of the following are examples of extrinsic rewards? (Choose every correct answer.)
Large office Benefits Pay
Which of the following is a way managers can increase employees' belief that a process is fair?
Making the process open and visible
Which are problems associated with the matrix form? (Choose every correct answer.)
Managers jockeying for power over shared subordinates. Employee confusion over having more than one boss. Group input slowing down decision making.
Which type of organization seeks to maximize internal efficiency?
Mechanistic organization
Which of the following are characteristic of a dissatisfied workforce? (Choose every correct answer.)
More injuries Strikes High turnover
What refers to forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's effort?
Motivation
Effective delegation provides subordinates opportunities for which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
On-the-job-training Potential promotion Increased innovation
are positive consequences that motivate behavior.
Reinforcers
A collection of independent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate to produce a good or service is called a ______ organization.
network
McClelland said that the need for achievement is characterized by ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
obsession with success strong orientation toward accomplishment obsession with goal attainment
Sookie has worked diligently to re-orient the managers of her company toward involving employees in improving all aspects of the business. Sookie's company is practicing ______.
total quality management
Clearly written rules and policies help eliminate ______ in the workplace.
uncertainty
What should managers focus on in order to strengthen their firm's core capabilities? (Choose every correct answer.)
Acquire or build competencies for the future Invest in core capabilities to remain better than competitors Extend capabilities for future applications
Which of the following is NOT one of the needs McClelland said motivates people?
Affection
______ is a human needs theory postulating that people have three basic sets of needs that can operate simultaneously.
Alderfer's ERG theory
How can managers empower employees? (Choose every correct answer.)
Allowing independent decision making Encouraging flexibility and creativity Reducing supervision over trustworthy employees
Which of the following are elements of a traditional organization chart? (Choose every correct answer.)
Boxes depict different work. Horizontal layers depict levels of management. Solid lines depict the superior to subordinate reporting relationships.
Which of the following are typically included in the top management team? (Choose every correct answer.)
Chief Executive Officer President Chief Financial Officer
Which of the following statements about a modular network organization are true?
Contracts stipulate expected results. Firms that do not perform well can be easily replaced. A modular network is also known as a virtual network.
Organizations should reward their employees for which actions? (Choose every correct answer.)
Creating value for the organization Strengthening core capabilities Building new skills
As applied by quality of work life (QWL) programs, productivity means more than the quantity of work. The concept also encompasses which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Creativity Work quality Turnover
______ rewards are given to people by the organization.
Extrinsic
In JIT operations, what happens when a customer places an order?
It triggers a factory order and the production process.
According to _____, needs can be organized in a hierarchy, and people satisfy their needs in order from the bottom to the top of that hierarchy.
Maslow
A personal statement of purpose should include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Near-term objectives A mid-distant goal An inspiring distant vision
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, what are examples of motivators?
Opportunities for growth Actual job responsibilities Recognition
Play Ball, Inc. began business by making shoes for athletes. It soon expanded and now manufactures and distributes clothing, sporting equipment, and protective sports gear worldwide. It is departmentalized by athletic equipment, shoes, and clothing. Play Ball utilizes which type of organizational structure?
Product organization
______ programs create a workplace that enhances employee well-being and satisfaction.
Quality of work life
______ engineering is used to accelerate the pace of research and product development within the organization.
Simultaneous
True or false: Companies should commit to excellence and leadership in capabilities before they commit to winning market share for specific products.
True
Goals should not conflict with people's personal values. In other words, goals should be ______ to employees.
acceptable
Organizing around core competencies, learning organizations, and strategic alliances is a strategy that enables an organization to be more ______.
agile
While punishment involves administering an aversive consequence, negative reinforcement involves removing or withholding ______.
an undesirable consequence
In contrast to most ISO standards, which describe a particular material, product, or process, the ISO 9001 standards apply in a general way to management systems at ______.
any organization
The job dimension that involves independence and discretion in making decisions is called ______.
autonomy
An approach to get interdependent units that are required to meet deadlines and objectives to contribute to a common goal is known as ______.
coordination by plan
Job _____ involves giving people multiple tasks at the same time, the additional tasks being at the same level of responsibility.
enlargement
Using a fair process in decision making and making sure others know that the process was as fair as possible is called ______.
procedural justice
When all functions that contribute to a given product are organized under one product manager, the company is using a ______ organizational structure.
product division
Managers who overuse can create a climate of fear in the workplace.
punishment
Positive reinforcement involves applying a consequence that increases the likelihood the person will ______.
repeat the behavior that led to it
The number of people who report directly to a supervisor is called the of control.
span
Mary has five employees who report directly to her. This number of employees is known as her ______.
span of control
Randal Robinson works in Research and Development (R&D) for MNOP Corporation. Therefore, Randal works for a ______ department, rather than a line department.
staff
The job dimension that involves completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work is called ______.
task identity
The core job dimension that is defined as an important, positive impact on the lives of others is called ______.
task significance
In general terms, the processes that lead to the creation of new products is referred to as ______.
technology
The methods, processes, systems, and skills used to transform resources (inputs) into products (outputs) are known as ______.
technology
Which of the following statements are true about an organization chart? (Choose every correct answer.)
An organization chart provides a picture of the reporting structure of a company. An organization chart depicts the arrangement of positions in a company. An organization chart depicts the level of authority and responsibility assigned to the positions in a company.
______ means that the person has the power and the right to make decisions, give orders, draw on resources, and do whatever else is necessary to fulfill a responsibility.
Authority
Which of the following are types of products that are produced through mass customization? (Choose every correct answer.)
Automobiles Computers Clothes
Which of the following are steps in the effective delegation of a task in an organization? (Choose every correct answer.)
Defining the goal succinctly Scheduling the checkpoints for reviewing progress Discussing progress at appropriate intervals Soliciting the subordinate's views about suggested approaches
______ refers to assigning job responsibilities to a subordinate.
Delegation
Stretch goals are targets that have which characteristics?
Demanding and novel
With his theory about the hierarchy of needs, what did Maslow contribute to the understanding of employee motivation? (Choose every correct answer.)
Identification of need categories Awareness of the importance of personal growth Specification of lower-level and higher-level needs
Which of the following are options for restoring equity when people feel they are inequitably treated? (Choose every correct answer.)
Increasing their outcomes Decreasing others' outcomes Reducing their inputs
Equity theory states that people assess which key factors? (Choose every correct answer.)
Inputs Outcomes
Zahra believes that if her marketing strategy is a success, she will get a promotion. Zahra is exhibiting which kind of belief?
Instrumentality
______ refer to the way all parts of an organization work together.
Integration and coordination
Even though Katie is not earning a very high wage as a sales clerk in a clothing store, she loves the work, because she is interested in fashion. She also enjoys talking with customers who share her interests. In addition to her wage, what type of reward is Katie getting from her job?
Intrinsic
At Barney's Bats, Inc. top managers make all the decisions and pass them down to lower levels for implementation. Barney's Bats can be described as a(n) ______ organization.
centralized
For a matrix structure to work, middle or divisional managers must learn to ______.
collaborate and manage their conflicts constructively
The system that calls for subassemblies and components to be manufactured in very small lots and delivered to the next stage of the production process right when they are needed is called ______.
just-in-time (JIT) operations
A centralized company with a mechanistic structure and many rules and formal procedures typically uses ______ technologies.
large batch
McDonald's and Burger King have production processes that tend to be very standardized, with all customers receiving similar if not identical products. They are examples of companies that use ______.
large batch technology
An operation that achieves increased efficiency while simultaneously improving effectiveness is utilizing ______.
lean manufacturing
In order to increase efficiency and reduce spending, city planners in Irving, Texas employed ______ analysis to reduce the time it takes to enact street repairs by more that 50%.
lean six sigma
Strategies that help a firm respond quickly to challenges are based on the firm's core competencies, strategic alliances, and ability to ______.
learn and adapt
What is the term for the existence of rules and regulations to govern how people interact in an organization?
Formalization
Which type of organization is structured around districts, territories, regions, or countries?
Geographic division
Which of the following are true of authority? (Choose every correct answer.)
It includes the right to make decisions. It includes the right to tell people what to do.
Which of the following is NOT appropriate when delegating?
Using delegation to pass managerial responsibility to subordinates.
After Jane accepts a position as an Associate Professor of Management at Central State University, she finds that nearly every administrative decision originates from school administrators. The university has ______.
a high degree of centralization
The expectation that employees perform a job, take corrective action when necessary, and report upward on the status and quality of their performance refers to ______.
accountability
Jane owns Larry's Barbecue. She hired someone to make administrative and personnel decisions for the business who reports directly to her. This new manager has ______ to act in the owner's stead.
authority
An organization with departmentalization around specialized functions such as production, marketing, or human resources, is called a ______ organization. Multiple choice question.
functional
The degree to which different organizational units work together and coordinate their efforts is called ______.
integration
The degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts is called _____.
integration
The departments of a company that have responsibility for the principal activities of a firm, such as making or selling the products of the company, are called departments.
line
A ______ organization is composed of dual reporting relationships in which some managers report to two superiors: a functional manager and a divisional manager.
matrix
A(n) organization is a hybrid form of organization in which functional and divisional forms overlap.
matrix
A variant of the network organization that uses temporary arrangements among partners that can be assembled and reassembled to adapt to the environment is the network organization.
modular
Most executives today believe that fewer hierarchical layers result in a ______ organization.
more efficient
In private business enterprises, the ______ has ultimate authority in the organization.
owner
Successfully developing leadership in core capabilities can increase a company's ______ and competitiveness
responsiveness
Joshua works at a small company and found that his talents let him help with a variety of tasks that no one else knows how to do. His boss says he is a man who wears many hats. This would be an example of fulfilling the core job dimension of ______.
skill variety
A small office with one physician, one nurse, and one bookkeeper would be an example of a ______.
small batch organization
The five-letter acronym "" serves as a reminder of the principles—such as being measurable, achievable, and results based—that should underlie motivation through the setting of goals.
smart
Units that support line departments are referred to as ______ departments.
staff
The process of regulating routines and procedures throughout a department or organization is called ______.
standardization
For a network structure to be successful, which of the following are necessary? (Choose every correct answer.)
Each party must trust others with strategic information. The firm must choose complementary collaborators. The firm must choose the right specialty.
What are the psychological states that occur from a well-designed job? (Choose every correct answer.)
Employees learn how well they performed their jobs. Employees feel personally responsible for how their work turns out. Employees believe that they are doing something meaningful.
Which of the following should managers do to increase employees' belief that a process is fair? (Choose every correct answer.)
Ensure that appropriate people make the decisions. State the decision criteria in advance. Provide an appeal process.
What concept refers to the perceived likelihood that effort will enable the attainment of performance goals?
Expectancy
What theory describes how a person's work efforts lead to a level of work performance?
Expectancy
For motivation to be high, which of the following must also be high? (Choose every correct answer.)
Expectancy Instrumentality Valence
True or false: To engage in mass customization successfully, all necessary tasks and processes (modules) must be completed by units within the organization.
False
Rajiv is confident in both his experience and skills when it comes to selling his company's products. Which of the following beliefs resulting from empowerment is Rajiv experiencing?
Feeling competent
Which are ways that flexible factories differ from traditional factories? (Choose every correct answer.)
Flexible factories are organized around products in work cells or teams. Flexible factories use local or decentralized scheduling.
In organizations that use lean manufacturing, the emphasis on quality, speed, and flexibility is greater than the emphasis on which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Hierarchy Cost Efficiency
The basic technologies for processing include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Continuous process Small batch Large batch
Which leverage point involves considering what people get out of their jobs and the value they might place on outcomes?
Identifying positively valent outcomes
Which of the following are ways to empower employees? (Choose every correct answer.)
Increasing authority at all levels Allowing independent judgment
Which of the following are strategies managers use to cope with high uncertainty and information demands? (Choose every correct answer.)
Increasing information-processing capability Reducing the need for information
Which of the following are advantages of matrix organizations?
Informed and creative decision making Efficient use of resources Decentralized decision making
Which of the following are circumstances when fewer organizational layers are believed to work best? (Choose every correct answer.)
Innovation is the core focus. The environment is changing rapidly. There is a strong sense of organizational purpose.
In addition to emphasizing quality, speed, and flexibility, which of the following accurately describes lean manufacturing? (Choose every correct answer.)
It focuses on cutting costs where appropriate. It strives to achieve the highest possible productivity. It strives for total quality.
Delegating work effectively offers which of the following advantages? (Choose every correct answer.)
It leverages a manager's talent. It allows a manager to focus on higher-level tasks.
Which of the following are roles that brokers perform to aid integration and coordination in a network structured organization? (Choose every correct answer.)
Designer role Process engineering role Nurturing role
Which of the following is NOT a potential disadvantage of the matrix form?
Dual career ladders
What theory suggests there are three universal needs (existence, relatedness, and growth) that constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior?
ERG
Which of the following statements are true concerning network organizations? (Choose every correct answer.)
Each firm in the network pursues its own core capability. They are flexible arrangements among designers, suppliers, producers, and distributors.
What are the key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior? (Choose every correct answer.)
Punishment Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement Extinction
What type of program aims at satisfying the full range of employee needs?
Quality of work life
Which of the following is an option for people who wish to restore equity when feeling inequitably treated?
Reducing their inputs
Which characteristic is associated with the most powerful goals?
Meaningful
Mo Chou completed her latest work assignment early. If Mo Chou's boss would like her to repeat this behavior, what is the appropriate action according to the law of effect?
Praise for her efforts
The benefits of CIM include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Production of high-variety products in high volume. Greater control and predictability of production processes. Reduced waste.
How can organizations increase expectancies? (Choose every correct answer.)
Provide training Set realistic, attainable goals Provide encouragement
What set of perceptions do employees use to decide what they owe their employers and what their employers owe them?
Psychological contract
Which of the needs associated with Alderfer's ERG theory are satisfied through the process of mutually sharing thoughts and feelings?
Relatedness
A firm wishing to be a true learning organization should do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Review successes and failures for deeper understanding. Search constantly for new knowledge and ways to apply it. Encourage employees to engage in disciplined thinking.
What is a company's board of directors responsible for? (Choose every correct answer.)
Reviewing financial performance Determining the firm's strategic direction
Which of the needs in Maslow's hierarchy is more of an issue in manufacturing and mining than it is in an office-building work environment?
Safety
Which of the following is NOT a way that managers should manage core capabilities to maintain a competitive advantage?
Set goals for profit maximization
______ is a team-based approach that incorporates perspectives of all functions, resulting in a higher-quality product.
Simultaneous engineering
What core job dimensions are stated in the Hackman and Oldham model? (Choose every correct answer.)
Skill variety Autonomy Task significance Task identity Feedback
To motivate high performance among employees, what should be rewarded? (Choose every correct answer.)
Smart work instead of busy work Loyalty instead of turnover Risk taking instead of risk avoiding
The five needs of Maslow's hierarchy include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Social Self-actualization Physiological
Which of the following are characteristics of motivational goals? (Choose every correct answer.)
Specific Meaningful Challenging Acceptable
refers to the process of establishing common routines and procedures that apply uniformly to everyone.
Standardization
Which of the following is a recommendation for delegating assignments more effectively?
The manager and subordinate need to communicate about the assignment throughout the delegation process.
CLM Technologies Inc. manufactures two products, and the production process is fully automated so that no human workers are on the factory floor. The factory runs 24 hours a day. This is an example of ______.
continuous process technology
The procedures that link the various parts of an organization for the purpose of achieving the organization's overall mission are called ______.
coordination
An approach that involves feedback and discussions to jointly figure out how to approach problems and devise solutions that are agreeable to everyone is known as ______.
coordination by mutual adjustment
When using ______, interdependent units are free to modify and adapt their actions as long as they meet the deadlines and targets required for working with others.
coordination by plan
Before a company can win market share, it must commit to excellence and leadership in its ______.
core capabilities
When managers accumulate the right resources, combine them in ways that give the organization capabilities, and leverage or exploit their resources, they are managing ______.
core capabilities
Frasier Industries has knowledge, expertise, and skill in producing surgical needles that allow the company to be a leader in the surgical needle market. This ability to lead in the industry is called a ______.
core capability
Building an organization around groups of customers makes use of ______ structure.
customer division
Dell Computers organizes its company into educational users, large business users, home users, and small business users. Dell uses the ______ form of organization structure.
customer division
An operation that strives to achieve the highest possible productivity and total quality by eliminating unnecessary steps in the production process and continually strives for improvement is employing the ______ approach.
lean manufacturing
The approach that combines six sigma quality improvement techniques with initiatives that eliminate waste in time, complex processes, and materials is called ______.
lean six sigma
An organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying behavior to reflect new knowledge, is a ______ organization.
learning
The ______ is an important characteristic that differentiates traditional factories from flexible factories.
longer production runs
Mass customization is the production of varied, individually customized products at the ______.
low cost of standardized, mass-produced products
Companies are able to mass customize products by organizing around independent operating units that perform specific processes or tasks called ______.
modules
As applied by quality of work life (QWL) programs, the concept of productivity means ______.
more than each person's quantity of output
Forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's effort are referred to as .
motivation
Flexibility is the main characteristic of an organization with a(n) ______ structure.
organic
The various jobs and reporting relationships between people in a firm are typically shown by means of a(n) chart. (Enter one word in the blank.)
organization
Performance results in some kind of consequence, which is referred to as a(n) ______.
outcome
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the most basic need that people strive to satisfy is ______.
physiological
A set of perceptions regarding what employees owe their employers and what the employers owe them is called a(n) ______.
psychological contract
The four key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and ______.
punishment
When Jose failed to meet his quarterly sales goal, Marie verbally reprimanded him. This consequence is an example of
punishment
When Jose failed to meet his quarterly sales goal, Marie verbally reprimanded him. This consequence is an example of .
punishment
W. Edwards Deming was a founder of the management movement.
quality
When Susan's employees do not perform well, she does not hesitate to offer criticism. However, she eliminates undesired outcomes, such as criticism, when her employees perform at a high level. Susan is using negative to help motivate her employees.
reinforcement
In motivation, positive consequences are known as ______.
reinforcers
The law of effect laid the foundation for countless investigations into the effects of positive consequences, called _______.
reinforcers
According to Alderfer's ERG theory, ______ needs involve relationships with other people and are satisfied through the process of mutually sharing thoughts and feelings.
relatedness
Standardizing processes in order to reduce the causes of customer dissatisfaction to the lowest practicable levels is one component of ______.
six sigma quality
A job dimension that has different job activities involving several skills and talents is referred to as ______.
skill variety
A ______ is a formal relationship created to facilitate the joint pursuit of mutual goals.
strategic alliance
The employee reward system has to support the firm's ______, defining people's performance in ways that pursue the firm's objectives.
strategy
Assessments of equity are ______ perceptions or beliefs.
subjective
When workers can see that they have completed a whole, identifiable piece of work, they feel empowered because they are experiencing ______.
task identity
The SMART goal-setting method that Microsoft uses as the basis for creating motivating goals stands for: specific, measurable, achievable, results based, and ______ specific.
time
True or false: Under the functional form of departmentalization, managers become specialists rather than generalists.
true
Goals that are aligned with current activities are referred to as ______ stretch goals.
vertical
stretch goals are aligned with such activities as productivity and financial results.
vertical
Which of the following is an example of offering feedback to employees?
Weekly meetings to discuss each employee's goals and progress.
Which of the following is a situation in which punishing employees would be inappropriate?
When their poor performance isn't their fault
To set goals for yourself, create ______.
a statement of purpose
ERG theory postulates that , relatedness, and growth needs can operate simultaneously.
existence
Which theory suggests that effort leads to performance, which results in an outcome?
expectancy
Increasing expectancies, identifying positively valent outcomes, and making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes are all managerial implications of _________.
expectancy theory
True or false: Accountability refers to the act of assigning tasks to a subordinate.
false
True or false: In a high-involvement organization, top management makes all company decisions.
false
The five core job dimensions stated in the Hackman and Oldham model are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and ______.
feedback
The job dimension of is simply information about job performance.
feedback
According to Alderfer's ERG theory, satisfaction of the ______ needs comes from fully utilizing personal capacities and developing new capacities.
growth
The two types of stretch goals are ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
horizontal vertical
True or false: Departmentalization helps an organization deal with increasing complexity in its operation.
True
True or false: Employees want to view their relationship with their employer as a well-balanced, mutually beneficial exchange.
True
True or false: Strategic alliances allow participants to respond to customer demands or environmental threats faster and less expensively than on their own.
True
True or false: The two-boss manager must learn how to report to two superiors, one who is in charge of a product or division and the other who is in charge of a function.
True
Companies create formal relationships called strategic alliances with which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Universities Competitors Governments
What are the characteristics of job enlargement? (Choose every correct answer.)
Workers are assigned multiple tasks at the same time. Employees are given different tasks to do, instead of working at the same thing all the time.
According to McClelland, the extent to which an individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having the people around him or her get along with each other defines the need for ______.
affiliation
In an organization, delegation refers to ______ authority and responsibility to ______.
assigning; a subordinate at a lower level
If a person believes that his or her outcome-to-input ratio is lower than that of someone else, the person typically will ______.
attempt to restore a balance
An organization with departmentalization around specialized functions such as production, marketing, or human resources, is called a ______ organization.
functional
The expectancy theory states that increasing expectancies, making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes, and ______ are crucial to motivate employees.
identifying positively valent outcomes
Punishment is sometimes appropriate when employees ______. (Choose every correct answer.)
ignore important safety rules violate ethical standards violate standards of interpersonal treatment
In terms of expectancy theory, setting realistically attainable performance goals and providing training, support, and encouragement are ways of ______.
increasing expectancies
Individuals who have high levels of which kind of need are oriented toward getting along with others?
Affiliation
Which three of the needs identified by McClelland are critical in motivating people? (Choose every correct answer.)
Affiliation Power Achievement
Hygiene factors are characteristics of which aspect of a job?
The workplace
Which of the following statements about the three types of technology configurations is true?
They are equally useful for describing service or manufacturing technologies.
What happens when employees feel empowered? (Choose every correct answer.)
They believe that they are influential contributors to the organization. Groups of employees can experience a culture of empowerment that enhances work performance. They feel more confident that they have the ability to perform their jobs.
Which conditions will make employees less motivated? (Choose every correct answer.)
They believe that they can perform but do not value the outcome. They believe that they can't perform well enough to achieve the positive outcomes. They believe that they can perform but that the outcome will not be forthcoming.
Goals should have which characteristic?
They do NOT conflict with people's personal values.
Which of the following are characteristics of organizations that use continuous process technologies? (Choose every correct answer.)
They have a relatively organic structure. They are companies which continuously run that do not have any start or stop. They rely on machines and computers to do production work.
______ management is a way of managing in which all members of the organization are committed to continuous improvement of a product or service.
Total quality
How a person's needs are or are not met at work will affect the person's ______.
behavior on the job
Managers who want to strengthen their firm's ______ can do so by focusing on issues surrounding the firm's core capabilities.
competitiveness
The use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to sequence and optimize a number of production processes is called ______.
computer integrated manufacturing
A functional structure often leads to functional ______ rather than functional integration.
differentiation
Departmentalization that groups units around products, customers, or geographic regions refers to a(n) ______ organization.
divisional
According to Alderfer's ERG theory, ______ needs are all material and physiological desires.
existence
The job dimension that involves employees receiving information about job performance is called ______.
feedback
If an individual believes his or her outcome-to-input ratio is equivalent to someone else's ratio, the individual typically will ______.
feel satisfied
Lean manufacturing strives for high quality, speed, and ______.
flexibility
Narrow spans of control build ______ organizations.
tall
Which of the following are some types of business functions that a functional organization might require? (Choose every correct answer.)
Research and development Production Human resources
If you are not delegating, you are merely ______ things; but the more you delegate, the more you are truly ______ an organization.
doing
John Deere has divisions of its company headquartered in Latin America, Europe, Brazil, and Germany. This is an example of a company using a ______ type of organizational structure.
geographic
Orangell Services seeks to maximize internal efficiencies while emphasizing rigid organizational rules. It is using a(n) ______ structure.
mechanistic
