BY 101 ch. 3

simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides

four families of building blocks

functional group transfer

from one molecule to another

Nucleic acids

nucleotides are the building blocks for

Methyl

A -CH3 group is a(n) _______ group

Chitin

_____ is the polysaccharide structural component found in the cell walls of many fungi

Cellulose

______ is the polysaccharide structural component found in the cell walls of plants

Condensation

two molecules into one

disaccharides

type of oligosaccharide. Two monosaccharides covalently bonded and are formed by condensation reaction

Carboxyl group

-COOH

Amino group

-NH3+

Hydroxyl group

-OH

phosphate group

-POx-

sulfhydryl group

-SH

organic compound

only living cells can synthesize carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Proteins

Amino acids are the building blocks for

Glycogen

Animals store their excess carbohydrates in the form of

Cleavage

On molecule into two

ATP

The nucleotide most closely associated with energy is

C-C bonds

bonds that are strong enough to contain lots of energy but can be easily broken by enzymes within cells to release that energy for cellular activities

Sickle cell anemia

caused by two mutated copies of the globin beta subunit gene and when low oxygen causes red blood cells to clump. These clumps prevent normal blood flow which can damage tissue and organs throughout the body

Quaternary structure

complexing of two or more polypeptide chains

polymers

group of individual subunits

secondary structure

helical or sheet array that results from hydrogen bonding of side groups on amino acid chain

monomers

individual subunits

Rearrangement

internal bonds converts one type of organic molecule to another

starch

plants store their excess carbohydrates in the form of:

tertiary structure

result from the folding of peptide chain due to interactions among side groups. also known as domain formation

monosaccharides

simplest carbohydrates that are sweet tasting and water soluble. They have 5- or 6- carbon backbone and ribose and deoxyribose are important for nucleic acids

electron transfer

stripped from one molecule and given to another

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon

the most common atoms in your body are

organic chemistry

the study of carbon chemistry