Caffeine, Ephedrine, and Ma Huang

Even at low doses, what? occurs with ephedrine?

acute hypertension

Currently ______________ by NCAA, most Pro Leagues, and IOC due to serious side effects.

banned

why should we be concerned with ephedrine?

because they cause trouble and are hard to monitor

Ephedrine is usually combined with what substance?

caffeine

what is the main source of caffeine in America?

cola

Study shows at high enough doses, Ephedrine can do what?

cross blood-brain barrier and act as amphetamine.

High doses of caffeine = ?

delirium, seizures, coma, death

what will happen at high doses of ephedrine psychologically?

euphoria and increased alertness. Can cause hallucinations, psychosis, and compulsive, stereotypic drug-seeking behavior (addiction).

explain the quick history of caffeine.

first found in Ethiopia, hen in the turks, it moved to Europe where they used it as medicine, came to colonial America where it was used in tea, now we use coffee.

Too much caffeine can result in what?

heart problems

how is ephedrine usually taken?

in 25-50 mg capsules orally

how fast is caffeine absorbed? when does it peak? half life?

in 30-60 minutes peaks in 60 min half life = 2-10 hours

what are the general effects of ephedrine?

increased HR, BP and bronchodilation, and its believed to increase metabolic rate.

is ehpedrine more or less potent than Amphetamines concerning food intake, motor activity and behaviors?

less

in sports, ephedrine is used to increase what?

mental and physical strength, plus believed weight loss actions. (can possibly increase awareness)

Increased doses of caffeine = ?

nervousness and insomnia

has there been any research to prove ephedrine improves performance?

nope

Caffeine stimulates calcium excretion and inhibits calcium absorption = ?

osteoporosis

what are the side effects of ephedrine?

restlessness, anxiety, headaches, dizziness, mania, hallucinations, seizures, arrhythmias, renal failure and MIs have been experienced.. Cerebral hemorrhage has also been noted.

whats the action of ephedrine?

stimulates the release of Norepinephrine from nerve endings, binds to alpha-(arterioles) and beta- (heart) receptors which can reduce the desire for food.

in reguards to sports, ephedrine is what?

the most common drug found with drug testing

comparing these, what do their caffeine mg look like? -Coffee = ? -Tea = ? -Chocolate candy (1 oz.) = ? -Coca-cola, Pepsi, Mountain Dew = ?

-Coffee = 100 mg of caffeine / 6-8 oz. serving -Tea = 60 mg / 6-8 oz. serving -Chocolate candy (1 oz.) = 6 mg caffeine + 44 mg theobromine (1/10 power of caffeine) = 10 mg -Coca-cola, Pepsi, Mountain Dew = 45-55 mg

caffeine results in what?

-Increased alertness -Vasoconstriction -Bronchodilation -Constricts cerebral blood vessels (headache protection) -Increase in body metabolism (lipolysis) -Increase in HR, BP and body temperature -Diuretic

Caffeine has 3 methyl groups, what are they?

-Stimulates CNS -Diuretic effect -Stimulates cardiac tissue

where is the toxicity level of caffeine? lethal dose?

1 gram of caffeine (5-6 cups of coffee in an hour) 5 grams of caffeine (25-30 cups of coffee)

when are peak levels reached with ephedrine? how long does ephedrine last?

1-2 hours, lasts 12-16 hours

give a short history of Ephedrine.

1970 Controlled Substances Act - placed control mechanisms on Amphetamines, Amphetamine look-a-likes were formulated, Early 1980s - Congressional hearings due to concerns and lack of control by FDA/DEA

at what dose do you see responses from ephedrine? what about Amphetamines?

75-150 mg; 15-30 mg

what is the required dose of caffeine

85-250 mg

ephedrine has a similar structure to what? •However, not believed to do what?

Amphetamines; cross blood-brain barrier

whats the action of caffeine?

Caffeine blocks action of Adenosine (vasodialator)

where is ephedrine found?

Found in OTC cold remedies with antihistamines, allergy meds. and diet pills.

caffeine, along with Theophylline and theobromine are considered what?

Methylated Xanthines

Ephedrine is a what? what does that mean?

Sympathomimetic Amines. Designed to mimic Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

can sensitivity to caffeine change over time?

YES!

what are the clinical uses of caffeine?

•Alertness in fatigued states •Additive in analgesic mixtures •Additive in some diet pills

what are 2 substitutes for ephedrine? they're both what?

•Synephrine •Citrus Aurantium Both possess ß-agonist activities