Campbell Essential Biology Chapter 24 Test

Which of the following cell types are specifically responsible for cell-mediated immunity? B cells natural killer cells phagocytic cells T cells

T cells

Why do diseases involving widespread infection often result in a fever? The inflammatory and immune responses result in extra heat production. The brain's temperature control center responds to inflammation by creating a hot environment unfavorable to the growth of microorganisms. None of the choices is correct. The microorganisms trick the brain's temperature control center into creating a hot environment that favors their growth.

The brain's temperature control center responds to inflammation by creating a hot environment unfavorable to the growth of microorganisms.

One kind of vaccine consists of a solution containing ______. horse serum B cells antibodies a harmless variant of a disease-causing microbe

a harmless variant of a disease-causing microbe

A substance that can elicit an immune response from a lymphocyte is called a(n) ______. antibody antigen interferon pathogen

antigen

The secondary response in humoral immunity occurs when memory cells bind to ______. plasma cells complement proteins antibodies antigens

antigens

Antibodies ______. are generalists in that any antibody can bind to any antigen are shaped like the letter B assist in destroying particular antigens all of the above

assist in destroying particular antigens

A major function of natural killer cells is to ______. phagocytize microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms attack virus-infected cells tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies

attack virus-infected cells

Histamine ______. stimulates the release of complement proteins attracts natural killer cells causes local blood vessels to constrict attracts phagocytic cells

attracts phagocytic cells

It is best to receive an organ transplant from a donor who ______. does not have any allergies rarely consumes alcohol looks like you best matches your self proteins

best matches your self proteins

Complement proteins assist the immune response by ______. all of the above enhancing the effects of antibiotics coating the surface of microbes, making it easier for other defense cells to phagocytize them reducing inflammation

coating the surface of microbes, making it easier for other defense cells to phagocytize them

When a B or T cell is primed by an interaction with its particular antigen, the cell ______. sticks to other cells with attached antigens to form a large clot dies, killing the antigen engulfs the antigen and destroys it grows, divides, and differentiates further

grows, divides, and differentiates further

A primary immune response is the ______. immune response elicited by the first exposure of lymphocytes to a particular antigen immune response elicited by the primary antigen of a disease-causing microorganism immune response elicited by the first exposure of memory cells to a particular antigen production of primary-type antibodies in the first day of exposure to a microorganism

immune response elicited by the first exposure of lymphocytes to a particular antigen

Which of the following is a response of our innate defense system? active immunity movement of red blood cells to the affected site inflammation cell-mediated immunity

inflammation

Which of the following is one of the body's first lines of defense against infection? increased production of certain hormones and changes in the blood circulation several antibodies none of the above obstacles such as skin and mucous membranes

obstacles such as skin and mucous membranes

Three B cells are shown in the figure. Which of these B cells will begin to grow, divide, and differentiate further? all three B cells only the B cell on the right only the B cell in the middle only the B cell on the left

only the B cell in the middle

Which of the following substances does a cytotoxic T cell secrete to destroy a target cell? interferon perforin complement antibodies

perforin

What kinds of cells engulf whatever foreign cells and molecules they encounter and recognize? interferons phagocytic cells natural killer cells platelets

phagocytic cells

A role of the lymphatic system is to ______. transport histamine return tissue fluid to the circulatory system produce hormones related to fighting infections produce white blood cells

return tissue fluid to the circulatory system

The functions of antibodies include ______. stimulating the production of antigens the phagocytosis of invading bacteria the deactivation of complement proteins the clumping of invader cells

the clumping of invader cells

The figure below shows a Y-shaped antibody molecule. How many antigens can a single antibody molecule bind? 3 2 4 1

2

What has caused the evolution of drug-resistant strains of HIV? the joining of antibodies to HIV anti-AIDS drugs genetic engineering of the virus in research laboratories the merger of different AIDS viruses into one new virus

anti-AIDS drugs

Anaphylactic shock ______. occurs when blood vessels constrict abruptly has no treatment is a symptom of an immunodeficiency disease causes blood pressure to drop dangerously

causes blood pressure to drop dangerously

Examine the photograph of the hand in the following figure. The person's joints are severely damaged because ______. cytotoxic T cells have destroyed the bone in the fingers a viral infection has attacked the cartilage of the fingers the immune system has damaged the cartilage and bone of the joints T cells have reacted against the myelin in the hand

the immune system has damaged the cartilage and bone of the joints

A researcher detects interferon in a laboratory rat and concludes that ______. the rat has, or recently had, a viral infection cancerous cells are present in the rat the complement system has been activated by exposure to an antigen none of the above

the rat has, or recently had, a viral infection

Examine the numerous long structures extending from the surface of some of the cells in the following figure. Cells with these long structures could be found lining ______. the trachea arteries veins the digestive tract

the trachea