CAPS 391 LECTURE 1

How many special movement are there?

12

How many terms of position, relation and direction are there?

17

How many terms of standard movement are there?

6

big toe, little toe

Big toe = hallux little toe = digitus minimus

what are the two body cavities?

Dorsal cavity and ventral cavity

What are the three branches of anatomy and their subdivisions? brief definition

Macroscopic (gross): regional and systematic Microscopic ( histology): the study of the tissues and the cells Developmental (embryonic): study of different phases of the human embryo/fetus development

What organs can we find in each of the four quadrant abdominal topographic regions?

Right upper quadrant - right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of the stomach, small and and large intestine right lower quadrant - cecum, appendix, portions of the small intestine, reproductive organs (right ovary in female and right spermatic cord in male), ureter left upper quadrant - left lobe of the liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine left lower quadrant - most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, left ureter and reproductive organs (left ovary in female, left spermatic cord in small)

What are the three anatomical planes?

Sagittal planes - midsagittal (median) and parasagittal Coronal or frontal planes Transverse or horizontal planes

Define macroscopic anatomy

This is also gross anatomy, focus is to examine the structures of the body by the naked eye two approaches to studying gross anatomy: systemic and regional systemic: studying of specific different organ systems such as the skeletal system, cardiovascular system - bone sand joints of the entire body regional: the human body is divided into certain regions like the head, neck or trunk = All structures in a single region are studied in a group may not be testable: Surface anatomy is part of both systemic and regional approaches that uses the markings on the surface of the body to reveal underlying organs or structures

nine region pattern: what lines do we have and what quadrants?

Two vertical lines (midclavicular lines, collar bones) two horizontal lines (subcostal - horizontal line above the rib and transtubercular - horizontal line that passes through the hip bone) Right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region Right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, Right iliac (inguinal) region, hypogastric region, left iliac (inguinal) region

Coronal or frontal planes

Vertical planes that divide the body from the front and back parts parallel to the long axis

Abduction + Adduction - what planes does this occur in? (standard or special movement)

abduction - moving away from the midline r the axis of the body parts - frontal/coronal planes axis of the hand passes through the 3rd finger and metacarpal bone. axis of the foot passes through the 2nd toe and the metatarsal bone adduction - moving towards the midline or the axis of the body parts - frontal/coronal planes standard movements

anterior and posterior + other ways to say this + in reference to what plane?

anterior - ventral - closer to the front of the body posterior - dorsal - closer to the back of the body in reference to the coronal plane

subdivisions of the trunk

back, thorax, abdomen, pelvis

Diaphragm

between the thoracic and abdominal cavity = has no open space

Define anatomy what greek words is it derived from?

branch of science that studies the structures of the body and their relationship with one another derived from the greek words "to cut apart"

circumduction

circular movement of the body parts combing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and or rotations

subdivisions of the dorsal cavity + what they contain

cranial cavity - containing brain vertebral cavity - containing spinal cord

subdivisions of the head

cranium and face

Transverse or horizontal planes

divide the upper and lower parts of the body perpendicular to the long axis

elevation + depression

elevation - upwards movement of a body part depression - downward movement of a body part

eversion + inversion

eversion - turning the sole of the foot outward inversion - turning the sole of the foot inward

Flexion + extension - what planes does this occur in? (standard or special movement)

flexion - bending or decreasing the angle between the parts of the body - sagittal planes extension - straightening or increasing the angle between parts of the body - sagittal planes standard movements

what are the different body regions?

head, neck, trunk, upper limb, and lower limb

sole (plantar)

inferior aspect of the foot

internal and external

internal - inside the body cavity external - outside the body cavity

ipsilateral and contralateral

ipsilateral: on the same side of the body contralateral: on the opposite side of the body

subdivisions of the lower limb

main regions: gluteal, thigh, knee, leg, and foot foot subdivision: tarsus 9ankle), metatarsus, digits (toes)

Subdivisions of the upper limb

main regions: shoulder, arm (brachium), elbow, forearm (anti brachium), hand shoulder subdivisions: pectoral, scapular, deleted, axilla hand subdivisions: carpus (wrist), metacarpus, digits (fingers)

subdivisions of the ventral cavity + what they contain

major subdivisions are the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Thoracic cavity divided into the mediastinum (superior and inferior) and plural cavity. Mediastinum (superior) = trachea and esophagus Mediastinum ( inferior, also known as the pericardial cavity) = heart Plural cavity = heart -------------------------- abdominopelvic cavity divided into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity abdominal cavity = digestive and urinary systems pelvic = urinary and reproductive systems pg 23

Medial rotation + lateral rotation - what planes does this occur in? (standard or special movement)

medial rotation - turning a body part around its long axis towards the midline - transverse/horizontal planes lateral rotation - turning a body part around its long axis from the midline - transverse/horizontal planes standard movements

Medial and lateral

medial- closer to the midline lateral - farther from the midline

Four region pattern: what lines do we have and quadrants?

median vertical line (midsagittal plane) horizontal line (transumbilical) they cross each other at the umbilicus (navel) Right upper quadrant right lower quadrant left upper quadrant left lower quadrant

opposition

movement of the thumb to touch the other fingers' tip

why is abdominal and pelvic region called abdominopelvic?

no anatomical boundary between the abdominal and pelvic cavity which is why we get the combination

subdivisions of the neck

none

palm and dorsum

palm - anterior aspect of the hand dorsum - posterior aspect of the hand or foot

what is the standard anatomical position?

person is standing upright, head is level, facing forward, upper limbs are at the side with palms turned forwards, lower limbs are parallel and the feet are flat on the floor with toes directed forward

plantar flexion + dorsi flexion

plantar - moving the foot away from the shin (flexion of the ankle joint) dorsi - moving the foot towards the shin ( extension of the ankle joint)

prone and supine

prone - body lying face down supine - body is lying face up

protraction + retraction

protraction - forward movement of a body part retraction - backward movement of a body part

proximal and distal

proximal - closer to the root of the structure Distal - further from the root to the structure

What organs can we find in each of the 9 quadrant abdominal topographic regions? THE MAIN REGIONS WHERE THEY RESIDE pg 22

right hypochondriac region: liver epigastric region: liver and stomach left hypochondriac region: stomach and spleen right lumbar region - large and small intestines umbilical region - large intestine, small intestine, gallbladdER Left lumbar region - small and large intestines right inguinal region: small and large intestines hypogastric region (pubic) - small and large intestines, urinary blatter left inguinal region: small and large intestines

Define Developmental Anatomy

studying different phases of human development from fertilization to puberty and when the emphasis is on the first 8 weeks of gestation period - this is embryology

Define microscopic anatomy

studying the structures of the body at the tissue and cellular level through a microscope

superficial and deep

superficial - closer to the surface of the body deep - away from the surface of the body

superior and inferior + other ways to say this + in reference to what plane?

superior - cranial (cephalic) - closer to the head inferior - caudal - closer to the feet (tail) in reference to the horizontal/ transverse plane

Supination + Pronation

supination - rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hands faces forward pronation - rotation of the forearm so that that palm of the hand faces backward

thumb, index finger, littler finger

thumb = pollex index finger = indivis little finger = digits minimum

abdominal topographic regions

using two patterns to describes the location of the abdominal and pelvic viscera (abdominopelvic)

sagittal planes and subtypes

vertical planes that divide the body into left and right parts midsagittal - parts that are divided are symmetric parasagittal - parts that are divided are not symmetric parallel to the long axis