capstone embalming review

Which of the following characterizes lung purge?

Frothy white color

There is an immediate danger to health and life if exposed to formaldehyde levels above

100 ppm

The point of entry for the trocar when aspirating the cavities is

2 inches above and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus.

How much of a 16 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 1.5% solution?

24 oz

Which of these temperatures is considered to be optimum for the growth and reproduction of bacteria?

37.0 degrees on the Celsius scale

Method of injection and drainage recommended for use in embalming cases which exhibit vascular disorders

Intermittent Method

What is the purpose of formaldehyde in embalming fluids?

It acts as a preservative

The individual for whom "Hunters Canal" is named is

John Hunter

Which of the following should be used for embalming a case which predisposes to dehydration?

Large volume Primary injection Cold water for the dilution

Which of the following arteries begins at the level of the second costal cartilage?

Left common carotid

Who is said to be the "Father of Histology"?

Marcello Malpighi

What is an example of a pre-embalming chemical change in the body?

Postmortem caloricity

What type of chemical agents are capable of inactivating saprophytic bacteria, rendering unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and arresting the decomposition process?

Preservatives

Which chemical agents render microorganisms incapable of growth and reproduction?

Preservatives

The color of cadaveric lividity can best be described by which of the following?

Purple

What color is imparted to the body by radium treatments?

Red

An embalming instrument that is used in raising vessels and for blunt dissection that has an eye in the hook portion is

an aneurysm needle.

An electrical suction device which creates a vacuum to remove liquid materials from the cavities of dead human bodies is

an electric aspirator.

A piece of embalming equipment that is used to reduce swelling of the deceased by the application of heat is

an electric spatula.

The anatomical guide for the __________ artery is posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle

brachial

Hydrocele is

edema of the scrotum

The Egyptians immersed bodies in

natron solution.

The hardening agent in hardening compounds is

plaster of paris

The dilution of concentrated arterial fluid as prepared by the embalmer is called the

primary dilution

The whip stich is also known as the

roll stitch.

The right ________ artery is shorter than the left one due to its origin.

subclavian

Death beginning at the heart is termed

syncope

The secondary dilution of embalming fluid occurs when

the injected arterial solution mixes with the body fluids

The maximum average level of exposure to formaldehyde over an eight hour time period is

.75 ppm

The embalming pressure achieved in gravity embalming is

0.43 lb./ft

A blood-filled swelling is descriptive of which of the following?

Hematoma

If you use 16 oz. of 30 index fluid, how many gallons of a 2.5% solution will you have?

1 ½ gallons

Which organ is NOT involved in the tripod of life?

Kidney

If the solute is 28 index and you wish the solution to be 3 gallons of 3%, how many ounces of solute will you need?

41.1 ounces

The optimum temperature to promote decomposition is

99° F.

A bronze discoloration develops on the body as a result of

Addison's disease

What would NOT affect the rate of flow?

Adjusting the pressure knob.

Who was the first to note capillary circulation?

Marcello Malpighi

What muscle is injected with arterial fluid to facilitate the closure of the mouth?

Masseter

Which of the following is an example of a perfuming agent often used in embalming fluid?

Methyl salicylate

Which of these terms designates a person who is in the act of dying?

Moribund

Which is classified as a malformation or deformity?

Mutilations Paralytic conditions Tumors

Which of the following is a prescribed method for securing the calvarium in place?

Needle injector Calvarium clamps Cements

Which of these would be the last to decompose?

Non-pregnant uterus

Which man established a method of embalming without evisceration?

Clauderus

What is the mode of somatic death which begins in the brain?

Coma

What type of autopsy consists of the examination of the contents of the cranial and ventral cavities?

Complete

Which of the following suture patterns involves the use of two needles?

Double intradermal stitch

The "Father of Embalming" was

Dr. Frederich Ruysch.

The "Father of Embalming in the U.S." was

Dr. Thomas Holmes.

An influential person in medical embalming, who discovered the circulation of blood in 1628 was

Dr. William Harvey.

The individual who is credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood is

Dr. William Harvey.

Which is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration?

Ecchymosis

Which of the following is a intravascular resistance of fluid distribution?

Embolism

Which term was defined as a set of principles that governs conduct for the purpose of establishing harmony in all human relations?

Ethics

What is the name given to the embalming process in which the injection of one common carotid artery is accomplished while the other common carotid artery is occluded?

Restricted cervical injection

If a body part has been mutilated, which of the following embalming procedures is recommended?

Sectional embalming

Blood vessel that is the origin of the axillary artery

Subclavian Artery

Which of these incisions is located along the superior border of the medial one-third of the clavicle? Select one: a. Supraclavicular incision b. Tranverse incision c. Longitudinal incision d. Parallel incision

Supraclavicular incision

What is lipolysis?

The decomposition of fats

Where should the point of the trocar be directed to access the heart when the handle of the trocar is aligned with the left anterior superior iliac spine?

The lobe of the right ear.

What is the common action of phenol, formalin, and sodium hypochlorite on the tissues of the body?

They all are capable of bleaching the tissues

Which artery can be located along a line from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth digits of the upper extremity?

Ulnar

Which of the following suture patterns is used to turn under the excess margins of skin in an incision?

Worm stitch

Any traumatic or pathological change in the structure of the skin

a lesion

Which of the following is a reliable sign of fluid distribution? Select one: a. Distention of the superficial vessels b. Tissue distention c. Tissue fixation d. Loss of elasticity of the vessels

a. Distention of the superficial vessels

Which of the following characterizes lung purge? Select one: a. Frothy white color b. Brownish color c. Coffee ground color d. Creamy white purge

a. Frothy white color

Which of these suture patterns is best suited for exposed skin? Select one: a. Intradermal stitch b. Purse string stitch c. Baseball stitch d. Whip stitch

a. Intradermal stitch

Which of these is the most accurate classification of livor mortis? Select one: a. Post mortem intravascular blood discoloration b. Ante mortem intravascular blood discoloration c. Ante mortem extravascular blood discoloration d. Post mortem extravascular blood discoloration

a. Post mortem intravascular blood discoloration

The embalmer should remove as much blood from the body as possible to Select one: a. all of these b. prevent distention c. remove intravascular discolorations d. diminish secondary dilution

a. all of these

Which of the following are not classified as a chemical reaction Select one: a. desiccation b. rigor mortis c. decomposition d. change in pH

a. desiccation

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of massage cream? a. secure the jaws in position b. retard dehydration c. clean tissue pores d. prevent friction during massage

a. secure the jaws in position

Cosmetic fluids are so called because they contain

active dyes

A soapy waxy by-product of saponification is

adipocere.

Method of creating injection pressure that incorporates air being forced under pressure into the fluid chamber to displace the embalming fluid into the body

air pressure

Distension of the body tissues is a complication of

anasarca

Distention of the body tissues is a complication of

anasarca.

A discoloration that appears on the body during life is considered

ante mortem.

Chemicals which retard the increase in viscosity of the blood are

anticoagulants

Vascular embalming fluids are injected into the

arterial systems

Hardening compound is used

as a preservative and drying agent in autopsied cases

Which of the followig is an extrinsic factor to be considered in embalming a dead body?

atmospheric condition

The self destruction of cells is known as

autolysis

Just behind the medial border of the coraco-brachialis muscle is the anatomical guide for the artery.

axillary

Embalming chemicals which are used on discolored areas of the body and are intended to remove the discolorations or at least lessen the intensity of the discoloration are

bleaches

In cases of dental prognathism you may, after obtaining written permission from the family, Select one: a. realign the teeth b. extract the teeth c. all of these d. let the teeth show

c. all of these

The embalmer should remove as much blood from the body as possible to Select one: a. remove intravascular discolorations b. diminish secondary dilution c. all of these d. prevent distention

c. all of these

Which of the following would not be a condition that predisposes purge Select one: a. peptic ulcers b. peritonitis c. arthritis d. pneumonia

c. arthritis

Which of the following blood vessels is the origin of the popliteal artery? a. axillary artery b. anterior tibial artery c. femoral artery d. external iliac artery

c. femoral artery

Livor mortis is synonymous with

cadaveric lividity.

The first body compounds to decompose

carbohydrates

A condition which favors edema

carbon monoxide poisoning

Those pre-embalming considerations given to the case at hand are called

case analysis

Hemolysis complicates the embalming process because it

causes a stain

Directing the point of the trocar toward a point one-fourth of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis is the trocar guide for the

cecum/appendix.

The linear guide for the radial artery is from the

center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger

The linear guide for the brachial artery is from the

center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the inner bend of the elbow

The linear guide for the femoral artery is from the

center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur

The linear guide for the popliteal artery is from the

center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity

Carbon monoxide poisoning results in a ___________ discoloration

cherry red

A device which extends from some point over the sternum to a point under the chin and is used to support the chin during embalming is called a

chin rest

The action of CH2O on protein is termed

coagulation

The action of formaldehyde on protein is

coagulation

High index fluids generally cause

definite firming

pH is a measure of the

degree of acidity or alkalinity

The inferior vena cava is the vein which accompanies the

descending aorta.

Which of the following are not classified as a chemical reaction

desiccation

Separation of the dermis and the epidermis after death is called

desquamation.

The passage of arterial solution from the capillaries into the intercellular spaces is referred to as

diffusion

The arterial fluid injected into an edematous body will be

diluted by the edema.

An embalming instrument used to aid in the drainage of blood form the body is

drain tube

In cases where death is accompanied by high fever

drainage is usually a problem due to increased blood viscosity

The most common method used for arterially injecting a body today is

force pump.

Index is a measure of fluid strength which considers the percentage of

formaldehyde

An antemortem extravascular blood discoloration

hematoma

Postmortem staining is an extravascular change in the color of tissues due to

hemolysis

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a jaundice fluid?

high formaldehyde content

The onset of postmortem changes generally

hinders the embalming operation.

Chemical additives that act as moisture retainers in the tissues are termed

humectants

What is NOT a method of obtaining pressure for injection of arterial fluid?

hydroaspirator

Fatty tissue in a body retards algor mortis because it

insulates.

Continuous injection of arterial solution with drainage taken at intervals is called

intermittent.

Variable factors encountered with every dead body are classified as

intrinsic or extrinsic

The ulnar artery lies along the border of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

lateral

In cases of emaciation secondary dilution would be

less than usual

In the normal case, the first organ to decompose

lining of the trachea and larynx

The decomposition of fats occurs by

lipolysis.

Changes occurring in the eyes after death include

loss of luster of the conjunctiva clouding of the cornea flattening of the eyeball.

The focal point in regards to the cavity treatment of a case with tuberculosis is the

lung.

The method of mouth closure employing a suture passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible is called

mandibular suture

Special cranial cavity treatment is indicated in cases of

meningitis.

The injection of arterial solution at more than one location is referred to as

multi-point injection.

The injection and drainage procedure in which the injection and drainage are accomplished through the same incision is called

one point

The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute into a concentrated solution is

osmosis

Which of the following are liquids or gels that help treat skin slips, gangrene, and surface ulcerations

pack applications

From the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus bone is the linear guide for the

posterior tibial artery

The temporary rise in body temperature after death is called

postmortem caloricity

With the embalming machine turned on and the rate of flow valve closed the type of pressure being shown on the pressure gauge is

potential pressure.

The passing of arterial solution through the capillary wall, caused by positive intravascular pressure, is

pressure filtration

When preparing to embalm a dead body the embalmer will prepare a solution by adding the concentrated embalming fluid to water in the reservoir of the injection device. This dilution of fluid is called

primary

Hard water Select one: a. prevents blood clotting b. promotes blood clotting c. enhances fluid distribution d. has no effect on blood clotting

promotes blood clotting

The post mortem evacuation of any substance from any external orifice of the body due to internal and/or external pressure is

purge

Rigor mortis is detrimental to the embalming process because it what

retards fluid distribution

According to Robert Mayer, the basic ethical axiom for the funeral service professional is

reverence for the dead.

In the femoral triangle the femoral artery is bordered laterally by the muscle

sartorius

Burns that have blisters that form are classified as

second degree.

The cooling of the body of a corpulent person would be

slower

Death beginning by failure of one of the vital organs of the body

somatic death

The procedure of injection and drainage in which injection is accomplished at one place and drainage is taken from another is called

split

The linear guide for the common carotid artery is from the

sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear

The right common carotid artery begins at the level of the

sternoclavicular articulation.

The common carotid arteries terminate at the level of the

superior border of the thyroid cartilage

The components of arterial fluid which is designed to decrease the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid is a

surfactant

During embalming, the head should be

tilted to the right approximately 15 degrees

A purpose of pre-embalming analysis

to prescribe and apply proper embalming techniques

On the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth finger is the linear guide for the

ulnar artery

The most common vehicle used in embalming fluids is

water

Chemical additives employed to offset the effects of water with an excessive mineral content are called

water conditioners

What sutures is not for closing an incision on an exposed area of the body?

whip or roll stitch

If you use 8 oz. of 16 index fluid to one gallon of water, what would be the index of your solution?

1.0%

What percentage dilute solution is created by adding 32 ounces of a 28 index fluid in enough water to make 4 gallons of solution?

1.75 index

What index fluid must you use to have 2 gallons of diluted fluid with a strength of 1% if you use 16 oz. of concentrated fluid?

16

Which of the following does not favor dehydration

Anasarca

Which artery extends from the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle?

Anterior tibial

Which is NOT classified as a chemical change?

Desiccation

The method of drainage in relation to injection in which both injection and drainage are allowed to flow freely throughout the operation is the method

continuous

The anatomical guide for the axillary artery is at the medial border of the

coracobrachialis muscle.

Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the

cranium

Which of these conditions is associated with edema? Select one: a. Arthritis b. Refrigeration c. Radiation d. Alcoholism

d. Alcoholism

Which of these is the most accurate classification of petechia? a. Ante mortem intravascular blood discoloration b. Post mortem extravascular blood discoloration c. Post mortem intravascular blood discoloration d. Ante mortem extravascular blood discoloration

d. Ante mortem extravascular blood discoloration

Which of the following conditions would predispose a dead human body to rapid decomposition? Select one: a. Dehydration b. Hemorrhage c. Refrigeration d. Peritonitis

d. Peritonitis

Which of the following embalming fluids produces maximum disinfection and preservation without causing objectionable changes in skin texture? Select one: a. Cavity fluids b. Primary injection fluids c. Co-injection arterial fluids d. Semi-hardening arterial fluids

d. Semi-hardening arterial fluids

Which sentence is not part of the definition of embalming? a. Chemical treatment used to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms. b. The restoration to an acceptable physical appearance. c. The process to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition. d. Treatment used to permit positive visual memories

d. Treatment used to permit positive visual memories

The decomposition of protein by the action of aerobic bacteria is

decay

Damage to the valves of the heart usually occurs in cases with

endocarditis

Factors influencing the rate of decomposition such as air, environmental temperature, and moisture in the atmosphere are known as

extrinsic factors.

The first muscle tissue to be affected by rigor mortis is

eyes

Through the center of the femoral triangle bordered laterally by the Sartorius muscle and medially by the adductor longus muscle, is the anatomical guide for the artery.

femoral