Carbohydrate Digestion & Absorption

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What is a monosaccharide?

A one sugar molecule

What is a disaccharide?

A two sugar molecule

What happens to the sugars in the mucosal cells?

Nothing, they just diffuse into the bloodstream.

What is the source of amylase?

Pancreas

What is the source of disaccharidases?

Pancreas

What does the brain use glucose for?

Energy

What does muscle use glucose for?

Energy, store as glycogen.

What does the liver do to maintain blood sugar levels when the glycogen storage runs out?

Gluconeogenesis

What is the storage form of glucose?

Glycogen

What major vein do the sugars enter after the mucosal cells?

Hepatic portal vein

What happens to the sugars after the small intestine?

They absorbed into the mucosal cells.

What happens to starches in the small intestine?

They are broken down into disaccharides and then into monosaccharides.

What happens to the sugars when they are brought into the liver?

They are converted to glucose as they are brought in.

What does adipose tissue use glucose for?

Used to synthesize fat and converted into fat.

When fasting, about how long can the liver maintain proper blood sugar levels with the glycogen that is has stored?

12 hours

What enzyme breaks down starches into disaccharides?

Amylase

How are sugars absorbed into the mucosal cells?

Co-transport via Na+ carrier molecule.

What is gluconeogenesis?

Converting amino acids into glucose for energy.

What enzymes group breaks disaccharides down into monosaccharides (sugars)?

Disaccharidases

Where do sugars go after they enter the blood stream?

Liver

What two tissue or organs store glucose as glycogen?

Liver & muscle

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Small intestine

What is another name for carbohydrates?

Starches

What does the liver do with glucose?

Stores it or sends it back into the bloodstream to travel to the muscle, brain, and adipose tissue.

What are some examples of disaccharidases?

Sucrase, lactase, maltase.


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