Cardio System 4.0

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking a diuretic. The nurse should instruct the client to include which of the following foods in their diet to increase potassium intake?

-raisins *examples of potassium rich foods include: artichokes, potatoes, chocolate, milk, yogurt, soy and fish

A nurse should recognize that milrinone is contraindicated for a client who has which of the following conditions?

-Acute Myocardial Infarction

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for quinidine. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Monitor your pulse rate and report changes *quinidine is a sodium channel blocker and can worsen or cause new arrhythmias, hence why monitoring pulse rate is very important

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following manifestations is potential adverse effect of this drug?

- Headache

A nurse is administering hydrochlorothiazide to a client who has gouty arthritis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings that indicates an adverse effect of this drug?

- hyperuricemia

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for aliskiren to treat hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the drug? (SATA)

-Hyperkalemia -Throat swelling -Cough

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for losartan to treat hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following findings could indicate an adverse reaction to the drug and needs to be reported?

-facial edema

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for dobutamine. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client is receiving which of the following types of drugs? (SATA)

-MAOI - General Anesthetic -Tricyclic antidepressant -Beta blocker

a nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (SATA)

-Report any intolerance to fried food -muscle tenderness -expect periodic liver function testing

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking atorvastatin and has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. The nurse should recognize that this drug combination places the client at an increased risk for which of the following adverse effects?

- Myopathy *gemfibrozil is a fibric acid derivatives(or fibrates). Fibrates are similar to statins because they both help lower cholesterol levels and have myopathy as a common adverse effect. If taken together the chance of myopathy developing to rhabdomyolysis is increased and can cause kidney damage.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking amiodarone to treat atrial fibrillation. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to avoid while taking this drug?

-Grapefruit juice * CYP3A4 enzymes are in the small intestine, this enzyme helps metabolize drugs and send it to bloodstream. When grapefruit is consumed it blocks this enzyme and causes more of a drug to enter the bloodstream and stay in the body, causing toxicity. This toxicity occurs with potassium channel blockers, like amiodarone as well as other drugs as well.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking carvedilol and has a prescription for an oral antidiabetic drug to manage their new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By taking both drugs concurrently, the nurse should identify that the client is at an increased risk for which of the following conditions?

-Hypoglycemia

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking spironolactone to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client laboratory values requires immediate intervention?

-Potassium 5.2 mEq/L *Normal Potassium range is 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

A nurse should identify that which of the following drugs is used only for the short-term treatment of a cardiac dysrhythmia because of the serious adverse effects associated with long-term use?

-Procainamide *even though procainamide is a sodium channel blocker & broad spectrum antidysrhthmic like quinidine it should not be used for long-term treatment because it can cause serious adverse effects like cardiotoxicity and arterial embolism.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client has a history of which of the following conditions?

-second degree AV block

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin and develops changes on their ECG tracing and other manifestations that indicate the client has severe digoxin toxicity. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to treat this complication?

Antigen-binding fragments *Antigen-binding fragments or more commonly called digoxin immune Fab, binds to digoxin and blocks its action. It is the reversal agent for this drug.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is taking simvastatin. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following manifestations as an indication of a serious adverse reaction that could require discontinuing drug therapy?

Muscle pain *symptoms of muscle pain (myopathy) are RARE by serious as it can lead to muscle damage, when the damaged muscle begins to breakdown (this is called rhabdomyolysis) the muscle protein that breaks down with the muscle causes kidney damage.

A nurse is assessing a client who is taking a loop diuretic and is experiencing a therapy, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension and confusion. The nurse should identify that these are manifestations indicate which of the following adverse effects?

-hypokalemia

A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin captopril therapy. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instructs the client to report because it can indicate a need to discontinue drug therapy? SATA

- Rash -Distorted Taste -Swelling of the tongue -Dry cough

a nurse is caring for a client who will begin using transdermal nitroglycerin to treat angina pectoris. When speaking to the client about the drug, which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (SATA)

-Apply the patch to a hairless area and rotate sites -Apply a new patch when you start your day -Remove patches for 10 to 12 hours each day

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for propranolol to treat a tachydysrhythmia. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking which of the following types of over-the-counter drugs while taking propranolol ?

-NSAIDS

A nurse is caring for a client who has a depressive disorder and requires a prescription drug to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize that which of the following antihypertensive drug is contraindicated for this client?

-Reserpine * Reserpine is adrenergic neuron blocker and overtime it causes a depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine that can last long after a patient discontinues the drug. Because of this severe depression and increased risk for suicide can occur and can conflict with patients who have depressive disorder.

a nurse is reviewing new prescriptions with a client who has heart disease. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following drugs is prescribed to treat hypercholesterolemia?

-Simvastatin * the medical term for high cholesterol is hypercholesterolemia . Simvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. It blocks the body from synthesizing cholesterol to help lower cholesterol levels.

a nurse is caring for a client who has a glomerular filtration rate of 10 mL/min and a reduced urine output. The nurse should clarify a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for this client because of which of the following characteristics of the drug?

-The drug does not promote diuresis for clients who have renal insufficiency. *hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that requires adequate kidney function to promote urine production and effective excretion. A normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 90-120 mL/min

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil to treat atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid drinking grapefruit juice while verapamil because it can cause the client to experience which of the following conditions?

-hypotension