CAS 325A Exam2

Heredity reflects the role of _____ processes in development a. biological b. cognitive c. assimilative d. socioemotional

a. biological

In trying to understand the world, the child is constantly faced with inconsistencies and counterexamples to his or her existing schemes. This phenomenon is defined as _____. a. disequilibrium b. deconstruction c. reactance d. disruption

a. disequilibrium

Which of the following is a neuronal change which occurs in early childhood? a. increased myelination b. decreased dopamine production c. decreased localization of executive functions d. increased decay of healthy brain issue

a. increased myelination

Dr. Perry believes that who we are is mostly a result of who our parents are rather than how they brought us up. Dr. Perry would be considered a proponent of the: a. nature position. b. nurture position. c. continuity position. d. discontinuity position.

a. nature position.

When reference to Piaget's preoperational stage, mentally adding and subtracting numbers is an example of: _______. a. operations b. egocentrism c. animism d. intuition

a. operations

Growth hormone deficiency is the absence or deficiency of growth hormones produced by the _____ gland to stimulate the body to grow. a. pituitary b. sebaccous c. thymus d. pineal

a. pituitary

The developmental period of roughly nine months during which a single cell grows into an organism is known as the: a. prenatal period b. infancy period c. early childhood period d. adolescent period

a. prenatal period

In Piaget's theory, _____ are actions or mental representations that organize knowledge. a. schemes b. engrams c. modes d. morphemes

a. schemes

According to Kellogg, _____ represent the earliest form of drawing in children. a. scribbles b. sketches c. shapes d. designs

a. scribbles

Richard is a five-month old baby. His parents frequently sit by his side to cuddle him or to speak to him in loud and affectionate tones. Richard seems to enjoy this attention very much and makes cooing sounds in response to his parents' warm interactions with him. Richard's act of cooing to obtain parental attention is a function of the _____ substage given by Piaget. a. secondary circular reactions b. simple reflexes c. internalization of schemes d. first habits and primary circular reactions

a. secondary circular reactions

Baby Melissa learns that she can cause a piano to make sounds by hitting the keys with her fists. Later, she tries to make the piano play by hitting the keys with a stuffed animal. According to Piaget, this behavior is representative of a. tertiary circular reactions b. use of reflexes c. primary circular reactions d. secondary circular reactions

a. tertiary circular reactions

Sean already knows what a bird is. One day she saw a butterfly, she pointed to the butterfly and said "look, a bird." Her mother smiled and told Sean "No, it is a butterfly, not a bird. Bird and butterfly are different. Both of them can fly, but birds are bigger and have beaks and feet." Then they saw another butterfly, this time Sean shouted "A butterfly!" According to Piaget, Sean have done the process of a. Assimilation b. Accommodation c. Scheme d. Habituation

b. Accommodation

Which of the following factors is associated with short height in children? a. Obesity and excessive weight gain in childhood b. Maternal smoking during pregnancy c. XYY Syndrome d. Somnambulism

b. Maternal smoking during pregnancy

During the intuitive thought substage of preoperational thought children begin to use _____ and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions. a. animation b. Primitive reasoning c. Egocentrism d. Centration

b. Primitive reasoning

Which psychoanalytic theorist believed that our adult personality is determined by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure and the demands of reality at different stages of life? a. Erik Erikson b. Sigmund Freud c. Jean Piaget d. John B. Watson

b. Sigmund Freud

According to Claire Golomb, children's art is a. a collection of random and meaningless scribbles. b. a manifestation of their inventive problem-solving ability. c. independent of their fine and gross motor skills and abilities. d. a reflection of conceptual immaturity.

b. a manifestation of their inventive problem-solving ability.

Billy has begun to assert his independence by wanting to do things by himself. He is most likely in Erikson's _____ stage of psychosocial development. a. trust versus mistrust b. autonomy versus shame and doubt c. initiative versus guilt d. industry versus inferiority

b. autonomy versus shame and doubt

In Piaget's theory, a ________ is a simple behavior that is repeated often. a. schema b. circular reaction c. reflex d. conditioned response

b. circular reaction

According to the "_____" view of development, each person is described as passing through a sequence of stages in which change is qualitatively rather than quantitatively different. a. nurture b. discontinuity c. sequential d. nature

b. discontinuity

While talking with Grandma on the phone, Benicio suddenly exclaimed, "Oh, look at that pretty red bird!" When his grandmother asked him to describe the bird, Benicio said, "Out there, out there! Right there, Grandma!" Bunco's behavior is an example of ________/ a. animism b. egocentrism c. social referencing d. reverse socialization

b. egocentrism

According to Piaget, the most important development of the sensorimotor stage is a. goal-directed behavior b. object permanence c. conservation d. egocentrism

b. object permanence

A scientific hypothesis is most like a(n): a. test. b. prediction. c. explanation. d. observation.

b. prediction.

Regarding children's education, Piaget suggested that: a. a child's genetic heritage plays a pivotal role in his cognitive development. b. teachers should turn classrooms into setting of exploration and discovery. c. children must be able to trust adults before they will be willing to learn from them. d. children can store an infinite amount of information in their long-term memories.

b. teachers should turn classrooms into setting of exploration and discovery.

On Dora's first birthday, one of her aunts brought a set of lego basic bricks that she absolutely loves. Dora spends hours building, breaking, and rebuilding towers from the blocks and smiles widely whenever she discovers something new she can do with them Dora's preoccupation with manipulating the building blocks in different ways reflects a function of the sensorimotor substage of ______. a. secondary circular reactions b. tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity c. first habits and primary circular reactions d. simple relfexes

b. tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity

Jean Piaget's preoperational period extends from _____ years of age. a. birth to two b. two to seven c. four to ten d. seven to eleven

b. two to seven

In terms of perceptual development, at what age do children become efficient at detecting the boundaries between colors? a. Age 6 to 8 years b. Age 2 to 3 years c. Age 4 to 5 years d. Age 12 to 24 months

c. Age 4 to 5 years

Which of the following terms refers to the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action? a. Egocentrism b. Primitive reasoning c. Animism d. Static thinking

c. Animism

Which of the following is a self-conscious emotion? a. Surprise b. Disgust c. Embarassment d. Sadness

c. Embarassment

Which of the following is characterized as a positive emotion? a. Guilt b. Anxiety c. Enthusiasm d. Anger

c. Enthusiasm

Which of the following situations testifies that the infant has developed a sense of object permanence? a. If the infant assumes that an object out of sight does not exist b. If the infant shows no reaction when interesting object is taken away c. If the infant searches for an interesting object when it disappears d. If the infant tries to grab an interesting object with his whole hand

c. If the infant searches for an interesting object when it disappears

Kagan's inhibited children fall into which category of temperament according to Rothbart and Bates' classification? a. Effortful control b. Shyness c. Negative affecitivity d. Surgency

c. Negative affecitivity

During the infant's second year, the growth rate a. is marked by rapid deceleration. b. becomes rapid. c. begins to slow down. d. is characterized by frequent spurts.

c. begins to slow down.

The focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of others is called: a. animism. b. egocentrism. c. centration. d. object permanence.

c. centration.

A(n) _______ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change. a. easy b. slow-to-warm-up c. difficult d. inhibited

c. difficult

Researchers have found that in children from three to six years of age, the most rapid growth takes place in the a. reticular formation controlling sleep and alertness. b. parietal lobe areas controlling somatosensory functions of the body. c. frontal lobe areas controlling planning and organization of new actions. d. temporal lobe areas controlling olfaction.

c. frontal lobe areas controlling planning and organization of new actions.

A child, who has low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood, is called a(n) _______ child. a. easy b. difficult c. slow-to-warm-up d. uninhibited

c. slow-to-warm-up

Which of the following is characterized as a negative emotion? a. Love b. Enthusiasm c. Joy d. Anxiety

d. Anxiety

_______ is the most important mechanism that the newborns have for communicating with others. a. Smiling b. Gesturing c. Shouting d. Crying

d. Crying

Which of the following examples best reflects the role of cognitive processes in development? a. Developing assertiveness b. Height and weight gains c. Development of the brain d. Memorizing a poem

d. Memorizing a poem

At the grocery store, Tim sees a candy that he remembers eating with his grandpa. This is an example of a. Recall memory b. Social memory c. Symbolic memory d. Recognition

d. Recognition

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to sleep patterns and problems in early childhood? a. Children's sleep problems are not associated with any long-term negative developmental outcomes. b. Experts recommend that young children get six to eight hours of a sleep each night. c. Daytime naps are an undesirable practice for young children. d. Sleep problems are associated with deficits in attention that sometimes persist into early adolescence.

d. Sleep problems are associated with deficits in attention that sometimes persist into early adolescence.

Which of the following terms refers to individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding? a. Separation protest b. Stranger anxiety c. Social referencing d. Temperament

d. Temperament

Which of the following terms introduces by Vygotsky, refers to the child's cognitive skills that are in the process of maturing and can be accomplished only with the assistance of a more skilled person? a. Zone of possible agreement b. Range of cognitive evolution c. Range of task alternatives d. Zone of proximal development

d. Zone of proximal development

With reference to Piaget's stages of development, a(n) _______ is a mental action that is reversible. a. intuitive thought b. symbolic thought c. abstraction d. operation

d. operation

Which of the following, according to Kellogg, succeeds the stage of basic scribbles? a. pictorial stage b. design stage c. Shape stage d. placement stage

d. placement stage

With reference to the Strange Situation, babies that use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment will be classified as _____ babies. a. Insecure avoidant b. insecure resistant c. insecure disorganized d. securely attached

d. securely attached

Assimilation occurs when children: a. adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account. b. develop one scheme that applies to all information and experiences they encounter. c. prevent incorporation of new environmental experiences and information. d. use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.

d. use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.