Catholic Christianity - Religious Studies A - Edexcel GCSE

What did St Paul say about life after death?

"For we must all appear before the judgement seat of Christ, so that each one may receive good or evil, according to what he has done in the body"

What does Genesis 1:27 say?

"God created man in his own image"

What is said in Genesis 1:3?

"God said 'Let there be light' and there was light"

What evidence is there that God is omnipotent?

"God said, 'Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together in one place, and let the dry land appear' and it was so" Genesis 1:9

What evidence is there that God is Creator?

"God said, 'Let there be light' and there was light" Genesis 1:3

What evidence is there that God is benevolent?

"God saw that the light was good" Genesis 1:4

What is said in John 1:1-3?

"He was in the beginning with God; all things were made through him"

What does John 11: 25-26 say about life after death?

"I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and whoever lives and believes in me shall never die"

What does the Nicene Creed say about the funeral rite?

"I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come"

What is the SOWAA for reconciliation?

"If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven" - John 20:23

What are the first words of the Bible?

"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth" Genesis 1:1

What evidence is there that God is eternal?

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" John 1:1

What is John 1:1?

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."

What does CCC 1990 explain about justification?

"It reconciles man with God"

What does Mark 12:31 say?

"Love your neighbour as yourself"

What is the Trinity?

"One God in Three Persons" CCC 253

What does CCC 2691 say about pilgrimages?

"Pilgrimages evoke our earthly journey toward heaven and are traditionally very special occasions for renewal in prayer"

What is the most important prayer in Catholicism?

"The Lord's Prayer is the most perfect of prayers" CCC 2763

What does CCC 253 say about the Trinity?

"The Trinity is One. We do not confess three Gods, but one God in three persons"

What is said in Genesis 1:2?

"The spirit of God was moving over the face pf the waters"

What does the Nicene Creed say about the four marks of the Church?

"We believe in one holy, catholic and apostolic Church"

What does 1 Peter 2:9 say about the Church as the people of God?

"chosen race... a holy nation"

What is CCC 1067?

"dying he destroyed death, rising he restored life"

What does CCC 1181 say about the importance of the church in worship?

"it ought to be in good taste and a worthy place for prayer and sacred ceremonial"

What does CCC 1180 say about how the church building is am important symbol of God?

"make visible the church living in this place"

What does Matthew 20:28 say?

"the Son of Man came to give his life as a ransom for many"

What is the SOWAA for matrimony?

"they are no longer two but one" Matthew 19:6

What does the Catechism say about the cross, images of Jesus, Mary, angels and saints?

"they are to be exhibited in the holy churches of God, on sacred vessels"

What is the SOWAA for anointing of the sick?

"they were sick and healed them" Mark 6:13

Why did Jesus send his apostles into the world?

"to make disciples of all nations"

What does CCC 1179 say about Mass and where it can be said?

"worship...is not tied exclusively to any one place. The whole earth is sacred"

What does incarnation mean?

'En-fleshment' - it refers to God becoming a human being in Jesus.

What example of Jesus' divinity is found in Matthew's gospel?

*"Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away"* Jesus is claiming that his words will last longer than Creation itself because God is eternal and everlasting.

What example of Jesus' divinity is found in John's gospel?

*"Jesus said to them, 'truly, truly, I say to you before Abraham was, I am'"* Jesus is claiming for himself the name that God revealed to Moses.

What is the first way human beings are said to bear the image of God?

*1. Human beings are rational.* Humans have been given intelligence, and so by reflecting on things in the created world, they can find their way to God who created them.

What is the second way human beings are said to bear the image of God?

*2. Human beings have free will and conscience.* Human beings are meant to use their ability to choose in order to choose what is true, not false, and what is right, not wrong. In this way they imitate God. Genesis 3 illustrates the result of a misuse of free will, when Adam and Eve disobey God and are banished from the Garden of Eden.

What is the third way that human beings are said to bear the image of God?

*3. Human beings can relate to God.* To be created in the image of God means that human beings also have the potential to enter into a relationship with the God who created them.

What is the fourth way that human beings are said to bear the image of God?

*4. Human beings can give and receive love.* God is a community of persons (the Trinity) who give and receive love to one another and to Creation. If human beings are made in the image of God, this means that human beings are made to give and receive love. Human happiness can only come through love.

What is the fifth way that human beings are said to bear the image of God?

*5. Human beings are answerable to God.* The image of God can also be a reminder of the authority of God over human beings, as their Creator. To be created in the image of God could be interpreted as humans being accountable or answerable to God for their lives. Those who bear God's image must use their lives to serve him by giving and receiving love, as he does.

What is extempore prayer and why is it used?

*Extempore Prayer:* Informal, using one's own words, without planning. Moments of great need, helping develop a personal relationship with God.

What is formal prayer and why is it used?

*Formal Prayer:* Formulaic, words from the Church's tradition. It is used as a connection to the history of the Church, uniting with other Catholics.

What are some divergent implications to personal and ethical decision making?

- "Do good, avoid evil" can be interpreted on different ways as it is not specific. - Issues such as abortion, fertility treatment, contraception, euthanasia, pre-marital sex, etc can have a wide and diverse interpretations. - Other Christians also do not accept the tradition of the Catholic Church or magisterium and so can make personal decisions based on their own study of scripture and guidance from their own Church traditions.

What is the meaning and significance of the tabernacle?

- "Dwelling place of Jesus" in a physical sense, the Church. - Link to tabernacle, where the ten commandments were kept by Moses. - Physical reminder of the redemption made possible through Jesus' physical death and resurrection. - "the tabernacle is to be situated 'in churches in a most worthy place with the greatest honour" CCC 1183

What is the purpose of the fish?

- 'Ichtus' means fish in Greek, which stands for: Jesus Christ God Son Saviour. - Also links to "I will make you fishers of men".

What are the aims of the funeral rite?

- *Communion with deceased:* to support the deceased person on their journey into the next life with efficacious prayer. Significance: Catholics are reassured that they can support the deceased after death, and forgive them for any wrongdoing. - *Communion of the community:* to show how people gathered are still connected to the deceased person in the Church, the Body of Christ. Significance: Catholics are reassured they remain in connection with one another through prayer and the Eucharist. - *Proclamation of eternal life to the community:* to remind people that death is not the end of life but the passage from this world to life with God. Significance: Catholics are given hope for the future and can refocus on their own life and priorities.

What are some actions by individual Catholics to achieve Catholic Social Teaching?

- *Corporal works of mercy:* for example, feeding the hungry, sheltering the homeless, visiting the sick. - *Spiritual works of mercy:* for example, comforting the sorrow, forgiving offences, praying for people.

What is Catholic Social Teaching concerned with improving?

- *Justice:* promoting justice and eliminating or limiting injustice. - *Peace:* encouraging harmony among all human beings; preventing or resolving war and conflict. - *Reconciliation:* protecting the dignity and rights of the human person wherever they may be.

What are the different times of prayer and their importance?

- *Repentance:* Acknowledging their sins and asking for forgiveness, e.g the I Confess. - *Thanksgiving:* Expressing love and gratitude to God, e.g Grace before meals. - *Adoration:* God is God, e.g the Glory Be.

What is the Stations of the Cross?

- 14 stations around the walls of a Catholic church honour the suffering and death of Jesus. - Usually consist of a cross and image showing a scene from Jesus' Passion and death. - People move between them with different prayers, meditations and reflections.

What is contained in the Old Testament?

- 613 commandments that were revealed to Moses. - The history of the Jewish people. - Prophecies and messages from God, often warnings and calls for repentance. - The Poetic and Wisdom writings told stories, and educated about the nature of God, reality, and virtue.

What happens in the introductory rites?

- A call to mind of sins and an ask of forgiveness in preparation for receiving the Eucharist.

What is the Natural Law?

- A discoverable moral law that provides set rules for all. - The Catholic Church follows the teachings on natural laws found in St Thomas Aquinas' writings. - Most basic element is 'do good, avoid evil'.

What does artwork usually capture?

- A story from the Bible or artist's beliefs.

What is virtue?

- A virtue is a moral excellence. - Virtue ethics consider the moral character of a person to help analyse their ethical decisions. - St Thomas Aquinas referred to cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude) and theological virtues (faith, hope and charity).-

What is Eucharistic Adoration?

- Adoration in front of the Blessed Sacrament (real presence of Jesus in the consecrated bread and wine). - Usually placed a monstrance.

What is the meaning and significance of the crucifix?

- Aid to prayer - Reminder of Jesus' suffering. - Redemption is possible due to the sacrifice made by Jesus in his death on the cross.

What are some divergent attitudes towards Eucharistic Adoration?

- As Protestant Christians do not believe the bread and wine transform to become the body and blood of Jesus, they do not believe it is his real presence, so would not carry out Eucharistic adoration.

How does the church engage in the new evangelisation nationally?

- Attending national events and workshops connected to their career. - The Bishop's Conference through its various departments shares the Gospel.

When do Catholics usually pray?

- Before important moments - exams, sports events, at the beginning of the day or the end. - At all times - St Paul says, "Pray constantly". - At particular times of the day - set times by Catholics to fit into their day time routine.

How can God speak to Catholics in the sacramental nature of reality?

- Bread - Wine - Water - Oil - Words - Hands upon the head - Songs - Gestures - Movements - Books - Debates - Buildings - Music - Work - Love - Sport

What happens in the liturgy of the eucharist?

- Bread and Wine are brought to the altar. - Eucharist prayer transforms these by the power of the Holy Spirit. - This becomes the actual body and blood of Jesus. - Received by the Congregation.

How does Jesus show love for others?

- Care for the poor, outcasts, ill etc. - "Tough Love" to rich young man. - Golden rule and self-sacrifice, (giving up his life for humans).

How is the Bible a source of interpretations and teaching?

- Catholics do not read the Bible like any other book: reading is often prayerful activity. - It is meant to be read and understood as a whole text, with no part taken out of context. - The tradition and teaching of the Church guides Catholics in how to interpret the Bible. - The lectionary provides approved readings for use in worship and liturgy. - Catholics are encouraged to read and study outside of mass, and the Bible has many uses in the home, family prayers, reading after meals, children's books. - It is a source of guidance and comfort in times of need.

What is the Primary of Conscience?

- Catholics have a sacred obligation to follow an informed conscience. - Must be informed by the Bible and tradition, as interpreted by the magisterium.

What is the purpose of the dove?

- Christian iconography traditionally uses a dove to suggest the Holy Spirit. (CCC 701). - Also linked to peace for both Christians and non- Christians.

Why is the Church being Holy important?

- Church gives opportunity for regular prayer and the sacraments. - Get to know and love God through these opportunities. - Saints give a good example of holiness.

What is the use of the eagle?

- Commonly used in Protestant churches in the lectern design. - Unusual to find such a lectern in the Catholic Church.

What was Gaudium Et Spes?

- Covers economics, poverty, social justice, culture, science, technology, and ecumenism. - Highlighted impact of science and technology. - Reflected on importance of talking with non-believers and other Christians.

What is the use of the cross and crucifix?

- Cross used widely since the 4th century, crucifix since the 5th century. - Found in all churches. - Often found in catholic homes. - Focus on prayer. - Sometimes worn as jewellery.

Why is the confessional important?

- Dedicated to private conversation for the sacrament of reconciliation.

Why is it important to have different types of prayer?

- Different stages of life. - Different needs and moments - sometimes private, other times public. - Different locations - at home, in church, at work. - Different moods or feelings.

What are some divergent ways art is used in church and elsewhere?

- Different types of artwork are acceptable in different churches, therefore some churches will have traditional artwork, while others will show more contemporary artwork. - For Catholics all artwork must be, "evoking and glorifying, in faith and adoration, the transcendent mystery of God". Bishops have a responsibility to remove anything that does not conform to this instruction. - Orthodox Christians have a long history of iconography. Icons are used in Orthodox public liturgy and encouraged for use in private meditation.

Why is it important to have different types of worship?

- Different ways of doing the same thing; connecting Catholics to God through prayer. - Certain forms focus more on praying in community, others on praying individually.

Why is the Church being as One important?

- Division exists within Christianity with many denominations. - Ecumenism an important part of Vatican II. - Duty to pray for talk to other Christians.

How is Mary joined with Jesus?

- Doctrine teaching about Mary is also about Jesus. - She is the mother of the Church since she is the mother of Jesus.

Who is the head of the Protestant Church?

- Does not recognise the Pope as head of the Church - Most believe the Bible as God's Word and is his sole authority. - Some also believe Church leaders have God-given authority to lead communities.

Who is the head of the orthodox church?

- Does not recognise the Pope as head of the Church. - Authority from councils of bishops or patriarchs working together with the agreement of the people.

How can belief be expressed in drama?

- Drama can help people to better understand and remember Bible stories in a more powerful way than just reading them. - Those participating may feel it is a form of worship. - Those observing may see it as a focus of prayer and devotion. - Ecumenical performances may bring Christians together.

What is the use of drama in church and other settings?

- Dramas do not take place within the church as a form of worship, but the church may be used as a performance space. More often, they take place in public areas involving other Christians and non-Christians.

What makes up the ordinary magisterium?

- Everyday teaching of the Church. - Found in writings and speeches of bishops and popes. - Examples include letters, homilies, exhortations etc.

What is the use of the evangelists?

- Feature on decoration of stained glass windows, lectern, around the altar, etc. - Common in baptisteries of Italian cathedrals.

What is the significance of Eucharistic Adoration?

- Focusing of prayer. Link to Jesus when his commanded his disciples to 'watch and pray' in Gethsemane.

What is the use of Alpha and Omega?

- Found on the Paschal Candle, and other decoration such as the altar.

Why is Anointing of the Sick important?

- Gives strength in sickness and suffering. - Prepares an individual for death. - Shows God's presence and love throughout their life.

How does the church engage in the new evangelisation globally?

- Global meetings such as 'World Meeting of Families', use of social media. - Through the Pope including via social media, more traditional media, and international charities such as CAFOD.

How does Jesus show his forgiveness?

- He says that forgiveness is the key to salvation. - Jesus even forgave those who crucified him.

How does Jesus show servanthood?

- He was given the title of "Servant King". - Showed disciples at the Last Supper how to love each other. - Crucifixion was the ultimate act of servanthood.

What three languages was the Bible originally written in?

- Hebrew - Aramaic - Greek

Why is Mary a model of the Church?

- Her life reflects the value, teaching, and beliefs of the Catholic Church. - She is a role model, but this is separate to her role as a model of the Church. - She is the embodiment of what it means to be Catholic.

Why is the Church being Catholic important?

- History gives evidence to the strength, permanence, and unchanging nature of the Catholic Church. - Church has, and continues, to suffer from persecution and attack. Catholics can take personal strength from the Church in these times.

What is the importance of a water stoup?

- Holy water at the entrance to make the sign of the cross.

What is the importance of the stations of the cross?

- Images of the Passion of Christ.

What are sacred vessels?

- Important in the celebration of the Eucharist. - They are recognisable symbols as the congregation will know they contain the body and blood.

What is the purpose of the cross and crucifix?

- Includes figure of Jesus. - A reminder of his death and resurrection. - His death led to the forgiveness of sin and possibility of redemption and salvation.

What do other Protestant believe about Liturgical Worship?

- Is symbolic. - Less structured worship, which many believe is important for a less restrictive connection with God. - May include spontaneous involvement from members. - Varied music.

What is the meaning and significance of drama?

- It is something that engages people. - The Catechism describes the relationship between God and humanity as a "covenant drama". - The Bible is full of dramatic stories that have been retold and acted out by Christians and non-Christians alike.

Why is Confirmation important?

- It strengthens the faith ready to become a mature, active Catholic. - Candidates receive the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit.

How does Jesus show social justice?

- Jesus cared for physical as well as spiritual needs. - "preach good news to the poor". - Parable of the Sheep and Goats is an example of social justice.

What is the purpose of Alpha and Omega?

- Jesus says "I am the Alpha and the Omega". - Shows eternal nature of Jesus - from the first to the last, they are the first and last letters of the Greek Alphabet.

How are statues expressed by the audience?

- Kneel before them - Touch or kiss them - Light a candle before them - Pray before them

What is the significance of the Stations of the Cross?

- Link Catholics to the sites of Jesus' death and suffering in Jerusalem that were visited by early Christians; reminder of Jesus' suffering, but also of the salvation they share in.

What is the meaning and significance of the lectern?

- Liturgy of the word is a key feature of the mass. - Homily and other prayers also read from here. - Redemption is achieved by responding to the Word of God. - "the dignity for the word of God requires the church to have a suitable place for announcing his message" CCC 1184

What does the Church being Apostolic mean?

- Living tradition by the Apostles. - Authority passed down by the Pope and bishops - Apostolic Succession.

What is the significance of the Magisterium?

- Magisterium guides Catholics today on issues such as nuclear war, euthanasia and IVF. - Duty to preserve, teach, defend, and pass on the faith.

What does Lumen Gentium make clear about consuming the Eucharist?

- Makes individuals part of Jesus' body of the Church. - Makes Catholics part of one another. - Creates the Church, the Body of Christ.

What are the evangelists represented as?

- Matthew: Human/Angel - Mark: Lion - Luke: Ox - John: Eagle

What is the use of the dove?

- May be used in Christian artwork, or by Justice and Peace organisations. - Sometimes found on the Tabernacle.

What does the Church being Catholic mean?

- Meaning 'universal'. - Jesus is universally present.

How are sculptures expressed by the audience?

- Meditation - Reflection upon them

What is the significance of the Rosary?

- Meditation on the grace of God, focus on different parts of Jesus' life, honouring Mary.

What was Sacrosanctum Concilium?

- More participation by the laity in the Mass. - Mass could be celebrated in the local language (vernacular). - Eucharist could be received in both forms. - Revision of the lectionary so more of the Bible use in mass.

What is the implication of the Bible for Catholics today?

- Most Catholics are not literalists and accept the teaching of science without rejecting the spiritual truths of Genesis. - Faith in the Bible comes second to faith in Jesus. - When interpreting the Bible, Catholics must consider the time and culture, the literary genres, and the different ways of communicating that are found in the Bible, with the guidance of the Holy Spirit (CCC 110).

What are some divergent views of the Stations of the Cross?

- Most Protestants do not use the Stations of the Cross, although they do regularly meditate on the suffering of Jesus. There are fewer images and statues in many Protestant churches. Some Christians may object to the stations as some of the scenes are not based on the Bible.

How are sculptures used in church and other setting?

- Most churches have a number of statues. - There is usually at least one of Mary in Catholic Churches. - It is common to have a set of statues to depict the Nativity; Catholics will often have a smaller version at home. - On Good Friday, the cross is venerated and Catholics kiss the feet of Jesus. - Catholics often have statues in their home as a reminder to keep spiritual values in their everyday lives. - Some Catholics use statues in private prayer; these may be linked to a sacrament or pilgrimage.

What are the implications of the teaching as Mary as Model of the Church for Catholics today?

- Most churches have statues of Mary, or even separate Lady Chapels. - She has many titles including Theotokos (Mother of God) and Madonna. - There are many Marian solemnities (feast days). - Hymns, prayers, and poems are dedicated to Mary. - The Rosary is said by Catholics universally and heavily features Mary. - Marian apparitions have led to shrines and places of pilgrimage.

What are some divergent views of the Rosary?

- Most other Christians do not use the Rosary as it is connected to the elevated status of Mary. They do not share many Catholic beliefs about Mary's significance in prayer and worship.

What is the nature of resurrection?

- Not all Christians agree on this - is it just the soul that is resurrected, or the physical body too? - The Catholic Church teaches that resurrection is when a person's soul is reunited with their 'glorified' body CCC 997 - In his post-resurrection appearances, there was something familiar but also unfamiliar about Jesus - some people didn't recognise him immediately. The Church states that only God knows how the resurrection will happen; not everything can be explained CCC 268.

What divergent attitudes are there towards the sacraments?

- Not all Christians recognise seven sacraments. Not recognising a sacrament means they do not believe it was instituted by Jesus - but they might still perform it (e.g marriage). - Not all Christians believe the sacraments are a communication of God's grace, instead, they are expressions of faith.

What is the divergent content of the Bible?

- Not all Christians recognise the same books of the Bible. - The Catholic Bible includes seven deuterocanonical books that are not in the Protestant Bible. - The inclusion of these books was affirmed at the Council of Trent in 1545. - Some Eastern Orthodox Churches include additional scriptures that are not recognised by the Catholic Church.

What are sacred objects?

- Objects such as relics, rosary beads, candles, and holy water, they are called "objects of devotion". - Devotional objects may be found in the church but also in the home.

What does the Church being as One mean?

- One body, one church. - Unity of the Trinity. - Catholic Church united through one Mass.

What is the nature and importance of the Second Vatican Council?

- Opened: 11th October 1962 by Pope John XXII - Closed: 8th December 1965 by Pope Paul VI - Held at St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican - Published: Four Constitutions and Three Declarations.

What is the use of the fish?

- Originally used by early Christians as a way of signalling to other Christians in secret. - Now common on 'bumper stickers' or even business logos to indicate Christian owners.

What is Baptism important?

- Person becomes a member of God's universal family. - Person is freed from original sin, by sharing in the new life that comes from the Paschal Mystery. - Person receives strength from God to continue Jesus' mission.

What was Lumen Gentium?

- Possibility of salvation for non-Christians and even non-theists. - Encouraged Bishops to work together more. - References to priesthood of the faithful and universal call to holiness for all Catholics. - Explanation of the role of Mary. - Emphasis on the importance of laity.

Why is Holy Orders important?

- Priesthood establishes Christ's presence throughout the ages in the sacraments, above all the "Sacrament of sacraments", the Eucharist.

Apart from masses and the sacraments, how else are churches used?

- Private prayer. - Popular piety.

Why is pilgrimage important for some Christians today?

- Provides time and space for prayer. - Connection to other Christians. - Allows Christians to "journey" closer to God. - Response to busy life and world.

What happens in the liturgy of the word?

- Readings from the Old and New testaments including the Gospels. - Homily (commentary on the meaning of God's word). - Nicene Creed (Sundays and feast days). - Prayers of Intercession.

Why is the Eucharist important?

- Receiving the real presence of Christ in a physical way. - Uniting the Catholic community through the Mass.

What are worship songs?

- Referred to as contemporary music or "Praise and Worship". - Often linked to charismatic or youth movements.

What are hymns?

- Religious songs for purpose of praise, adoration or prayer. - Earliest hymns are the Psalms. - Often linked to the readings or Church season.

What did Renaissance art usually focus on?

- Religious themes or stories from the Bible.

Why is Reconciliation important?

- Removes spiritual illness of sin. - Restores relationship with God and community. - Offers mercy, forgiveness, and advice to the penitent. - Sins are forgiven.

What os the meaning and significance of the altar?

- Represents the table at the Last Supper. - Links to the temple, altar built by Moses, and message to Peter - "on this rock, I will build my church". - Redemption is made possible due to sacrifice made by Jesus, prepared for the Last Supper. - "the altar is also the table of the Lord". CCC 1182

What is the meaning and significance of sculptures?

- Reveal skills that are God-given. - They are used to recall the person or thing be depicted, particularly in the early church when many people could not read. - They are *not* worshipped by Catholics, but they are an aid to prayer and are treated as sacred objects. - In the Old Testament, there are instances where God directed the construction of statues.

What three things is the Catholic Church made up of?

- Scripture - Apostolic Tradition - Magisterium

What does the Church being Holy mean?

- Set apart for a special purpose. - Jesus is source of all holiness. - Church is a visible sign of this holiness.

How is Mary an example of faith and charity?

- She accepted the risk of bearing Jesus. - She obeyed the command in Joseph's dream to flee Egypt. - She is seen as charitable by encouraging Jesus to solve the problem of a lack of wine at the wedding in Cana. - She watched Jesus at the foot of the cross.

How is Mary a disciple?

- She is sometimes called the first disciple - she had faith in Jesus from the moment of conception. - This is why she is a model for the Church, not just discipleship, as her sacrifice and service began before Jesus' birth.

What do some Protestants believe about Liturgical Worship?

- Similar structure to Catholic Mass. - Eucharist is important but does not have same meaning, i.e the bread and wine are symbolic.

What are plainchants?

- Singing without music. - Gregorian chant is sung in churches and monasteries.

How can you interpret the Bible as the literal word of God?

- Some Christians believe the Bible is true, word for word. - There are no mistakes and it must be taken literally. - If there is a contradiction, this is deliberate and there is a reason for it. - If there is a contradiction with science, science must be wrong.

How can you interpret the Bible liberally?

- Some Christians believe the Bible was written by humans who were inspired like any other writers. - The Bible contains spiritual, not literal truths. - The Bible invites closeness with God by sharing human experience. - There is much symbolism and poetry in the Bible, resulting in a range of beliefs. - Some parts of the Bible are outdated and irrelevant to modern life.

How is judgement different for other Christians?

- Some Christians place more emphasis on final judgement, where they believe God will judge all people and give them the afterlife they deserve.

How is heaven, hell and purgatory different for other Christians?

- Some Christians would deny that an all-loving God would allow hell to exist, and so believe that everyone will live together forever in heaven, *universalism*.

What do Catholics believe about Liturgical Worship?

- Structured - Ordered signs and symbols link back to Apostolic Tradition. - Transubstantiation.

What is the purpose of the eagle?

- Symbol for Jesus' divine nature, Isaiah - Also a symbol of the evangelist John.

What is contained in the New Testament?

- The 'Good News' telling the story of Jesus. "The Gospels are the heart of all the Scriptures" CCC 125. - Formal letters to individuals and groups that document the development of the early Church. - A book that describes the end of the world.

What are three examples of popular piety?

- The Rosary. - Stations of the Cross. - Eucharistic Adoration.

What was Dei Verbum?

- The Word of God is not a book, but a person, Jesus. - Bible and tradition are equally important. - The Bible is a Word of God, written by humans. inspired by the Holy Spirit. - Gospels are particularly important.

What is the place of the Eucharist in the Church?

- The celebration of the Eucharist was began in the Last Supper. - "Do this in remembrance of me".

What is the purpose of the chi ro?

- The first two letter of the word Christ in Greek.

What three things make up the church?

- The laity, married life, single life. - The religious: monks, nuns, brothers. - The clergy: deacons, priests and bishops.

What happens in the concluding rites?

- The priest greets, blesses, and sends out the people to build the kingdom of God.

What is the use of the chi ro?

- The symbol used by Romans when they first adopted Christianity as the official religion of the Empire. - Now often found on the altar and /or vestments of Catholic priests. - Uncommon in non-Catholic churches.

What is the living, teaching office of the Church today?

- The task of interpreting the Word of God authentically has been entrusted solely to the magisterium of the Church, that is, to the Pope, and the bishops in communion with him (CCC 100). - The magisterium needs to address issues that didn't exist at the time of Jesus. - Examples include genetic engineering and IVF. - It is the supreme authority for Catholics, helping interpret scripture and tradition authentically.

What is the pontifical (extraordinary magisterium)?

- There have only been two ex cathedra declarations of the Pope - Immaculate conception and Assumption of Mary were declared infallible.

How do some Catholics partake in the traditional evangelisation?

- They take part in missionary work by travelling the world to spread the Gospel in their words and actions. They may travel to South America, Africa or Asia, as missionaries have done for a long time. - They play a vital role around the world in providing education, health care, and other services, often through religious orders.

What three sources do Catholics refer to when making personal and ethical decisions?

- They use their conscience. - They are informed by scripture and tradition. - They are under the authority of the magisterium.

How can you interpret the Bible as the inspired word of God?

- This is the Catholic view: the Bible is the inspired Word of God, written down by human writers. - "All scripture is inspired by God" 2 Timothy 3:16 - God is the primary author, as human authors were inspired by the Holy Spirit. - There is truth in the message of the Bible, e.g God created the world, spoke through the prophets, came to Earth as Jesus.

What is the conciliar (extraordinary magisterium)?

- Through an ecumenical council. - Pope calls all bishops to meet the settle or explore new questions. - The Second Vatican Council is an example. - There have been 21 of these.

How does the church engage in the new evangelisation locally?

- Through career, as a catechist, through marriage/family life. - Parish life: Mass, sacraments, charitable work, social events.

What does the Lord's Prayer remind Catholics?

- To honour God, to ask for what they need each day, and to repent and forgive others. - Unites all Christians and states key Christian beliefs.

Why is Matrimony important?

- Two people give themselves permanently and exclusively. This is the only sacrament in which the people give the sacrament to each other. - They are open to the possibility of procreation and new life. God is present through the couple's lifelong love and commitment.

What is the Rosary?

- Used in private prayer at home, in church, walking from one place to another, in front of a statue of Mary, evening before a funeral, preparation for Mass. - The person will pray focusing on the 'Mysteries of the Rosary' which are key events in Jesus' life. - Beads help the person count the prayers.

What are hunger cloths?

- Used in the middle ages to cover the altar during Lent. They were covered in images and stories from the Bible to help those who could not read. - Used in developing countries today to remind people that God is with them and cares for their struggles.

What are icons?

- Usually images of Jesus, Mary, saints, and angels. Many were destroyed during the Reformation. They remain popular features in many churches.

What is the importance of statues?

- Visual aids for prayer, but must not be adored, "thou shall not worship idols".

What is the baptismal font used for?

- Wash away original sin and begin life in the Church. - Baptism is the first sacrament of initiation.

Why were artworks originally important?

- When many Catholics couldn't read or write, as they are relatable and understandable.

What are Psalms?

- Written by King David, King Solomon, and others. - Found in the Old Testament. - Second reading is usually a responsorial psalm.

What is popular piety?

-Worship that doesn't follow a strict pattern set out by the Church.

What does CAFOD do? (7)

1) Global neighbours fighting injustice and poverty. 2) Rooted in the Catholic community. 3) Helping people to help themselves. 4) Facing the toughest challenges. 5) There in a crisis. 6) Raising awareness and educating Catholics. 7) Working for social justice.

What is the first Catholic Social Teaching?

1) Sacredness of life and the dignity of the human person.

When in the Mass is the Trinity mentioned?

1) The Sign of the Cross. 2) The Eucharistic Prayer. 3) Doxology - glory to the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit.

What are the four main parts to a mass?

1. Introductory Rites 2. Liturgy of the Word 3. Liturgy of the Eucharist 4. Concluding Rites

Over how many years did the Bible take to revise?

1500 years

What is the second Catholic Social Teaching?

2) Call to family, community, and participation.

What is the third Catholic Social Teaching?

3) Human rights and the responsibility to protect them.

What is the fourth Catholic Social Teaching?

4) Preferential option for the poor and vulnerable.

Approximately how many people wrote the Bible?

40

What is the fifth Catholic Social Teaching?

5) Dignity of work and the rights of workers.

What is the sixth Catholic Social Teaching?

6) Solidarity with all people as one family.

What is the seventh Catholic Social Teaching?

7) Stewardship and care for God's creation.

Who is an archbishop?

A bishop in charge of an entire region.

What is a sarcophagus?

A box like container for a corpse.

What are some features of Jerusalem as a pilgrimage?

A common place of pilgrimage for all Christians as it is based on the life of Jesus.

Who is a Bishop?

A leader of a diocese.

What does it mean for God to be a benevolent creator?

A loving creator. He placed humans in a garden full of wonderful trees and plants. Another sign of his goodness is that he creates human beings as free.

Who is a cardinal?

A member of a special college that elects the pope.

What is a mystery play?

A popular medieval play based on biblical stories or the lives of the saints.

Who is a Parish Priest?

A priest in charge of a parish.

What is the Second Vatican Council?

A series of important gatherings of all the Catholic bishops between 1962 and 1965, which updated many Catholic teachings.

What is the ciborium?

A vessel that holds the Eucharistic hosts.

What is artwork?

A visual expression of faith and an aid to portray the teachings of the Church.

What are the four types of prayer?

ACTS: Adoration, Contrition, Thanksgiving, Supplication (asking for something). And Intercession.

What is particular judgement?

After death, a person will go to heaven, purgatory or hell.

Who believed that Jesus was only a prophet (a spokesman for God), but not God himself. He was lower than God, similar to God but not quite God himself?

An Egyptian priest named Arius

What do the Sacraments mark?

An important point between life and death for Catholics and links an individual's physical life with their spiritual life.

What is a sacrament?

An outward sign of an inward gift instituted by Christ, in order to give grace to a human being. It is a religious ritual performed in the life of the church that makes people holier.

What is a doctrine?

Anything that one person teaches to another.

What are some divergent attitudes to Rome as a pilgrimage?

As they do not recognise the authority of the Pope, non-Catholic Christians do not regard Rome with the same importance.

What are the seven sacraments?

Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders and Matrimony

What is justification?

Being made right with God.

What is the significance of Walsingham in the UK and the Ecumenical?

Bringing people of different Christian denominations together.

What paragraph in the CCC reveals the first indication of God's loving nature?

CCC 268

What is the CCC?

Catechism of the Catholic Church

What is described in Genesis 2?

Catholics believe Genesis 2 is a more detailed overview of creation and describes when God created man.

Why is the nature of resurrection important for Catholics?

Catholics believe that death reminds us of the importance of life. Death, judgement, heaven, hell and purgatory are all reminders for Catholics on how they should live day-to-day. Every choice they make has a consequence.

What happens during the sacrament of the Eucharist?

Catholics receive Christ's body and blood, just as at the Last Supper.

Why do churches have high vaulted ceiling and spires?

Connect to heaven and reach towards God.

What is the significance of Santiago de Compostela and the Apostles?

Connection to key saints.

What was the Council of Nicea?

Constantine created the first ecumenical council to discover the nature of Jesus.

What does creatio ex nihilo mean?

Creation out of nothing

What did Jesus refer to in his teaching?

Eternal life and he said that there would be a reward for those who had pleased God.

What part of the Bible is this from, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion"

Genesis 1:26

What happens during the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick?

God's healing grace unites the suffering person with Jesus' Passion.

What happens during the sacrament of Matrimony?

Graces provided for loving relationships and procreation occur.

What happens during the sacrament of Holy Orders?

Graces provided for ordained ministers of the Church.

What does liturgical worship help Catholics to do?

Grow in holiness and be saved from sin.

How is Jesus fulfilment of the Law?

He helped people to understand the Law and was a faithful and obedient Jew.

What is Anointing of the Sick?

Healing and forgiveness of sins in preparation for the journey into the next life.

Who is a deacon?

His role is primarily one of service and charity and he is a parish cleric.

What is humanity?

Humanity means 'the human race'. Genesis 1:26-31 describes the creation of humans and the power and responsibility God gives them.

What happens during the sacrament of baptism?

Humans are freed from sin and become children of God.

What happens during the sacrament of confirmation?

Humans receive fresh outpouring of grace through the Holy Spirit to strengthen them.

Why must humans choose to accept salvation?

Humans themselves cannot be saved from sin. They can choose to accept salvation; it is offered to everyone by God. If individuals have accepted the offer of salvation, this does not mean they have saved themselves; they have accepted that Jesus has saved them from sin through his sacrifice.

What does 'imago dei' mean?

Image of God.

How is the funeral rite practised in the home?

In Ireland, it is common to have a Vigil of Prayer in the home. This may take place in the church if the body is laid out the night before.

At what point did God reveal himself as Trinitarian?

In Matthew 3:16-17 "the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and alighting in him, and lo, a voice from heaven, saying, "This is my beloved Son""

Are humans the most important part of Creation?

In the Genesis account of Creation, God created humans last. They are seen as the most important part of Creation, but they're still creatures.

Where is life and death explained for Catholics?

In the Paschal Mystery. They believe that they will be resurrected like Jesus was.

What is described in Genesis 1?

It describes how God created the Earth in six days, and then he rested on the seventh day.

What does CCC 2641 say about how music expresses belief?

It engages the heart in worship.

What is the Holy Spirit's purpose?

It is an expression of God's grace and the means by which it is experienced. It helped Jesus' apostles and the members of the Church who have come after them down the centuries to understand and live out more fully the salvation that the Paschal Mystery brought.

How is Baptism related to the Trinity?

It is the entry rite into the Catholic Church and most Christian churches and denominations perform it "In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" as instructed by Jesus in Matthew 28:19.

What does the Holy Spirit mean for Catholics?

It makes Jesus bodily present to all those who receive him in the Eucharist and the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit makes Jesus known here as easily as Jesus made the Father known to the people of Jerusalem because the Holy Spirit is part of the Trinity. The Spirit is the most intimate connection, the bond of intense love, between the Father and the Son. It gives wisdom and understanding to both the early Christians and Christians today.

What is the sacramental nature of reality?

It means finding the grace of God within the physical world. God is invisible, but Catholics believe he speaks to humans through everything he has created.

What is redemptive efficacy?

It saves humans from eternal death and separation from God. The passion and death of Jesus allowed the redemption of humanity.

What SOWAA is there for Confirmation?

John 14:26, "the Holy Spirit [...] will send in my name"

In what passage of the Bible did Jesus tell the disciples that the Holy Spirit would come in his place?

John 16:7

What Gospel does this quote come from? "The Word become flesh and dwelt among us".

John 1:14

What do liberal Christians believe about Creation?

Liberal Christians interpret them as myths; sacred stories which are metaphorical or symbolic and are told to help humans understand that God brought all that exists into being.

What are some divergent attitudes to Lourdes as a pilgrimage?

Mainly a place of Catholic pilgrimage as other Christians do not elevate Mary in the way Catholics do.

When are sarcophagi used today?

Many of the Popes buried in St Peter's Basilica are buried in them today.

What are secular understandings to stewardship?

Many secular groups have definitive ideas about the nature of humanity, which are sometimes compatible in part with the ideas of Catholics even if they do not follow from a belief in God. Humanists do not believe that God granted humans stewardship over the earth, but they do believe humans have a moral responsibility to care for the planet, as this is in the best interests of humanity.

What is the SOWAA for the Eucharist?

Mark 14:22 "this is my body...this is my blood"

What SOWAA is there for Baptism?

Matthew 28:19, "make disciples of all nation"

What does CCC 1156 say about how music expresses belief?

Music increases the value of prayer.

Do some protestant denominations place as much importance on pilgrimages?

No

What does evangelisation not mean for Catholics?

Not trying to convert people to the Christian faith.

What does homoiousios mean?

Of a similar substance.

What does homoousios mean?

Of the same substance.

Why did God the Father send his son, Jesus Christ?

On a visible mission to save the world.

What is a sign of accepting God's offer of salvation?

Participation in the Eucharist.

What does Music connect?

Parts of the liturgy, for example the Kyrie and Gloria.

What is the significance of Croagh Patrick in Ireland and Other Saints?

Personal devotion to particular saints.

What is the significance of the Lourdes in France, Fatima in Portugal, Knock in Ireland, Guadalupe in Mexico and Mary?

Places where Mary has appeared, miraculous occurrences.

What is the paten?

Plate that holds the host.

What is a passion play?

Play about Jesus Christ's Life and his passion, often performed at Easter.

Who is the head of the Catholic Church?

Pope

What is the significance of the Holy Land and Life of Jesus?

Pray at sites important in Jesus' life, understand the Gospel better.

What is prayer?

Prayer is communication with God.

What is the Eucharist?

Receiving the body and blood of Christ.

What is Confirmation?

Receiving the gifts of the Holy Spirit to encourage a faithful life; literally confirming the faith.

What does Redemption mean for Catholics?

Redemption is a metaphor for how the Paschal Mystery brought about the salvation of humanity.

What happens during the sacrament of Reconciliation?

Repentance of sins restores the relationship with God.

How is the funeral rite practised in the church?

Requiem Mass or just a Liturgy of the Word. Most priests encourage Mass so that the Eucharist is celebrated.

What is the significance of Iona and Buckfast Abbey in the UK and the Spiritual?

Retreat and prayer.

How is the funeral rite practised in the cemetery?

Rite of Committal and Commendation takes place at the cemetery or crematorium. People say their goodbyes with hope in their hearts that they will meet again in the next life.

What did later christians begin to be buried in?

Sarcophagi with scenes from the Bible on the side.

How do religion and science coincide?

Science explains how the universe and human beings came into being (the physical processes and scientific theories) whereas religion explains why they came into being (because God desired that the universe should exist).

What is the Virgin Mary?

She conceived without sexual activity.

How is resurrection different for other Christians?

Some Christians believe in just a spiritual resurrection at the final judgement, not a physical one like Catholics.

What is liturgical worship?

Structured, public worship that follows a set pattern set out by the Catholic Church.

Why do churches have stained-glass windows?

Tell stories of the saints and from the Bible - useful when people couldn't read.

What is the Nicene Creed?

The Christian declaration of faith, first drawn up in 381 CE at Constantinople.

What is eschatology?

The Christian study of the last things in human life: death, judgement, heaven, hell and purgatory.

What is the most important expression of the Paschal Mystery in the Church today?

The Eucharist.

What was the Holy Spirit and the First Council of Constantinople?

The First Council of Constantinople (Constantinople I) met to resolve the disputes. It was decided to: reaffirm the Creed of Nicaea of 325, but expand it a bit to underline that the Holy Spirit was also fully God.

Why is the Incarnation important for Catholics today?

The Incarnation was the day of Jesus' conception. Catholics believe the gospel - the good news - that Jesus was the divine Word made flesh; God becomes fully human. He was crucified by the Romans, died, and then resurrected before he ascended to heaven. Catholics believe that God became human in Jesus so that human beings might become divine by sharing in Jesus' life through the Church.

What is the Paschal Mystery?

The Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus

Who is the head of the Church?

The Pope (Pontiff)

What does Acts 2 say about Pentecost?

The apostles were empowered for their mission by the Holy Spirit.

What does dominion mean?

The authority to rule, but the nature of the world as a garden suggests God intended this to be expressed in loving cultivation and care. Human beings are meant to be stewards of Creation.

Who was Alexander that opposed Arius' idea that God was just a prophet?

The bishop of Alexandria, he excommunicated Arius from the Church leading the Roman Emperor Constantine to become unhappy and was the reason for the Council of Nicea to be called.

What is the mass?

The central act of worship, celebrated nearly every day in the Catholic Church. Catholics are expected to attend mass weekly.

What is the funeral rite?

The ceremonies carried out when a Catholic dies.

What is Baptism?

The ceremony that welcomes a person into the family of God.

Why do many Churches in cruciform?

The cross is a symbol of the Church, a reminder of Jesus' death and sacrifice.

What is the chalice?

The cup that holds the wine that becomes the blood of Christ.

Why is the Trinity important to understand God?

The explanation of God as a Trinity is significant for Catholics because it reveals some of the mystery of God, as well as providing a way for them to understand how he connects to them in different ways. Most importantly, the relationships of love within the Trinity teach Catholics about love in their own lives.

What does Genesis 3 describe?

The first original sin of Adam and Eve: eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge. Genesis 3 introduces the idea that sin leads to suffering. If humans do not obey the teachings of God, things cannot work out right.

What is Reconciliation?

The forgiveness of sins.

What is Holy Orders?

The giving of a distinct mission within the Church.

What do all Christian groups recognise?

The importance of God's Word in the Bible and sharing that in community.

What is Matrimony?

The joining together of two people as one in marriage.

What is the Roman Gradual?

The official source of music.

What is the magisterium?

The official teaching authority of the church

What are sacrophagi a physical reminder of?

The person buried and a focus for prayer.

What is the significance of salvation and grace?

The sacramental life of the Church is the source for experiencing and receiving the grace necessary to continue Jesus' saving mission today.

Why do many Churches face east?

The sun rises in the East, as Jesus rose on the day of the resurrection.

What is symbolism?

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

What is Apostolic Tradition?

The wisdom inspired by the Holy Spirit which influences the words and practices of the Church.

What is a "creed"?

The word Creed comes from the Latin word credo, which means "I believe". It is a set of words, a formal expression of what the Catholic Church believes and teaches , a summary of some of its main doctrines. Each of the Catholic Church's creeds was written in response to a mistake/heresy.

What are some divergent attitudes to Walsingham as a pilgrimage?

There are both Catholic and Church of England shrines here.

What do literal Christians believe about Creation?

They believe that everything described in Genesis really happened, including God creating the world in six days.

Why are some churches octagonal?

They represent a star, bringing light into the world.

Why are some churches round?

They represent the eternal nature of God.

What is Purgatory described as?

"A stage of purification; this enables people to reach the holiness required to get into heaven" CCC 1030

What is Heaven described as?

"Eternal life with God; a life of love and indescribable joy" CCC 1027

Why did scribes condemn Jesus as a blasphemer?

They thought he was showing contempt for God by claiming to be God's equal in forgiving the sins of the paralysed man. The anger towards Jesus is often seen because people think he is committing blasphemy. When Jesus claimed to have existed before Abraham, some people wanted to kill Jesus. Jesus is often seen not to keep the sacred command to the Sabbath day in order to perform some act of compassion or love. He allows his disciples to pick grain when they are hungry on the Sabbath, which would have been a forbidden act of work for Jews.

What is general/last judgement?

This is at the end of time. Everyone, living or dead, will be resurrected and a final and eternal judgement will take place.

What is Hell described as?

This is not a punishment from God but eternal separation from Christ. It is the absence of love, generosity, and community of God.

What do Catholic's believe is the purpose of salvation?

To bring us back to a relationship with God, after they turned away through sin.

What is evangelization?

To proclaim the good news of Jesus to others

What is the Immaculate Conception?

When Mary was conceived without original sin so she could give birth to Jesus.

What is regarded as the beginning of the Christian Church?

When the Holy Spirit came down from heaven and entered the apostles.