CB7 Berg

The statement, "Volvo vehicles are the safest automobiles," is an example of the _____ component of attitude. a. abstract b. affect c. behavior d. cognitive e. relational

d

Which of the following best explains impulse purchases? a. High-involvement hierarchy b. Low-involvement hierarchy c. Experiential perspective d. Behavioral influence e. Reinforcement perspective

c

According to the _____, attitudes possess three components: affect, behavior, and cognitions. a. ABC approach to attitudes b. abstract approach to attitudes c. functional approach to attitudes d. utilitarian approach to attitudes e. relational approach to attitudes

a

Michelle wants to buy a new laptop. She wants it to be light weight and have a larger battery backup. She chooses five models on the Internet. The belief ratings for each of the models are as follows: ......BLAH BLAH.... She gives these criteria evaluative ratings of 3 and 2 respectively. Using the attitude-toward-the-object model, which of the following models would Michelle purchase based on the highest overall attitude score for the model? a. Model D b. Model A c. Model C d. Model E e. Model B

a

The _____ function of attitudes is based on the concept of reward and punishment. a. utilitarian b. ego-defensive c. knowledge d. value-expressive e. cognitive

a

The _____ illustrates how attitudes are changed based on differing levels of consumer involvement. a. elaboration likelihood model b. schema-based affect model c. attitude-toward-the-object approach d. behavioral influence approach

a

The basic premise of _____ is that consumers are motivated to maintain perceived consistency in the relations found in mental systems. a. balance theory b. changing schema-based affect c. behavioral influence theory d. social judgment theory e. elaboration likelihood model

a

Which of the following expands upon the behavioral intentions model by including a perceived control component that assesses the difficulty involved in performing the behavior and the extent to which the consumer perceives that he or she is in control of the product selection? a. Theory of planned action b. Theory of self-efficacy c. Balance theory d. Elaboration likelihood theory e. Social judgment theory

a

Which of the following is true about message construction? a. Directly comparing one brand against specific competitors can be effective, especially when the brand being promoted is not already the market leader. b. Overly complex messages always lead to favorable reactions. c. Advertisements that allow consumers to arrive at their own conclusions tend to be more persuasive when the audience has a low level of involvement with the product. d. If marketers are attempting to reach a highly involved audience, important information should ideally be placed later in the message. e. Consumers with low involvement are more motivated to attend to a larger number of arguments than are highly motivated consumers.

a

_____ is a term that is used to describe how the appeal of a message and its construction affect persuasion. a. Message effects b. Source effects c. Structural effects d. Central effects e. Peripheral effects

a

According to the balance theory, the relations between the elements of observer, person, and object are referred to as _____. a. primacy relations b. sentiment relations c. central relations d. peripheral relations e. affective relations

b

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, if a consumer is not involved with a message or lacks either the motivation or ability to process information, the _____ route to persuasion will be followed. a. central b. peripheral c. primary d. relational e. abstract

b

In the balance theory, the object-person relation is referred to as a(n) _____ relation. a. sentiment b. unit c. primary d. secondary e. central

b

In the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), nonproduct related information presented in a message is referred to as a(n) _____. a. central cue b. peripheral cue c. relational cue d. inconsistent cue e. abstract cue

b

The statement, "I really like my new tablet computer," best reflects the _____ component of attitude. a. cognitive b. affect c. behavior d. abstract e. relational

b

The value-expressive function of attitudes: a. allows consumers to simplify their decision-making processes. b. enables a consumer to express his or her core values, self-concept, and beliefs to others. c. works as a defense mechanism for consumers to avoid facts or defend themselves from their own low self-concept. d. compensates for a general feeling of being out-of-shape, thereby protecting the ego and self-image. e. provides a negative expression of the type of person a consumer perceives himself or herself to be and the values that they hold.

b

Which of the following best describes the matchup hypothesis? a. It states that the more strongly held an attitude is, the more difficult it is to change. b. It states that a source feature is most effective when it is matched with relevant products. c. It illustrates how attitudes are changed based on differing levels of consumer involvement. d. It refers to a perception of the extent to which a spokesperson is presenting a message that he or she truly believes, with no reason to present false information. e. It states that human beings prefer consistency among their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.

b

Which of the following concepts are used in social judgment theory to explain attitude change? a. Central route and peripheral route b. Latitudes of acceptance and latitudes of rejection c. Utilitarian function and hedonic function d. Sentiment relations and unit relations e. High involvement and low involvement

b

Which of the following is true about the attitude-behavior relationship? a. As the length of time between attitude measurement and overt behavior grows, the predictive ability of attitudinal models increases. b. The specificity with which attitudes are measured has an impact on accuracy. c. When consumers feel rushed, decision making is stalled. d. Strong environmental pressures have no effect on consumers while they perform intended behaviors. e. Attitude-behavior models tend to perform very well in impulse-buying situations.

b

Which of the following refers to an approach that suggests that the three components of attitudes may be formed in a sequential pattern? a. Sequential approach b. Hierarchy of effects approach c. Spiral model approach d. Waterfall model approach e. Incremental build model approach

b

Which of the following terms refers to specific attempts to change attitudes? a. Segmentation b. Persuasion c. Positioning d. Monitoring e. Tracking

b

Which of the following theories proposes that consumers compare incoming information to their existing attitudes about a particular object or issue? a. Elaboration likelihood theory b. Social judgment theory c. Self-congruency theory d. Balance theory e. Behavioral influence theory

b

_____ are relatively enduring overall evaluations of objects, products, services, issues, or people. a. Beliefs b. Attitudes c. Prejudices d. Intentions e. Support arguments

b

According to the functional theory of attitudes, the _____ function of consumer attitudes enables a consumer to protect him- or herself from information that may be threatening. a. utilitarian function b. value-expressive function c. ego-defensive function d. hedonic function e. cognitive function

c

According to the social judgment theory, when an incoming message falls within the latitude of acceptance, _____ occurs. a. attitude tracking b. contrast effect c. assimilation d. anchoring e. bandwagon effect

c

From a traditional advertising perspective, the basic communication model is referred to as a _____ approach. a. "one-to-one" b. "many-to-one" c. "one-to-many" d. "many-to-many" e. "one-way-street"

c

The statement, "I always buy Honda automobiles", is an example of the _____ component of attitude. a. affect b. cognition c. behavior d. trustworthiness e. abstract

c

Which of the following are the two routes to persuasion according to the elaboration likelihood model? a. Primary route and secondary route b. Belief-based route and affect-based route c. Central route and peripheral route d. Cognitive route and affective route e. Utilitarian route and hedonic route

c

Which of the following refers to a function of attitudes that allows consumers to simplify their decision-making processes? a. Utilitarian function b. Ego-defensive function c. Knowledge function d. Bilateral function e. Value-expressive function

c

_____ refers to the extent to which a company actively monitors its customers' attitudes over time. a. Marketing audit b. Affect monitoring c. Attitude tracking d. Planned monitoring e. Proactive assessment

c

Balance theory is based on the _____, which states that human beings prefer consistency among their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. a. reality principle b. pleasure principle c. congruency principle d. consistency principle e. hedonic principle

d

On finding out that customers were skeptical about the quality of food being currently served in her restaurant, Nina started promoting the fact that her restaurant sourced only the freshest vegetables, meat, and dairy products from the market. According to the attitude-toward-the-object approach, Nina is attempting to _____. a. change consumer involvement b. change evaluations of product attributes c. add beliefs about new attributes d. change beliefs e. change motivations to comply

d

Sean recently bought an expensive tablet from Sigma Inc. He is very happy and satisfied with the tablet's performance and has even started promoting it on social networks. He feels strongly about Sigma's products and plans to make more purchases from the company in the future. The way Sean feels about Sigma Inc. and its products represents his _____. a. prejudice b. trustworthiness c. changing beliefs d. attitude e. latitude of rejection

d

The placement of information in a specific message at the beginning, middle, or end of the message impacts the recall of the information and is a basic tenet of what is known as the _____ effect. a. contrast b. congruency c. linear progression d. serial position e. bandwagon

d

Which of the following is true of the attitude-toward-the-object approach? a. Changing evaluations of an attribute is usually easier than changing the strength of a belief regarding that attribute. b. Changing belief involves convincing consumers that an attribute is not as positive or negative as they may think. c. New beliefs are always tied to new attributes. d. Adding beliefs about new attributes may require a physical change to the product itself. e. When a valued attribute that was not previously considered is added, the overall attitude toward the complex may be adversely affected.

d

According to the _____, behavior change can precede belief and attitude change. a. attitude-toward-the-object approach b. elaboration likelihood model c. balance theory d. schema-based affect approach e. behavioral influence approach

e

The _____, sometimes referred to as the theory of reasoned action, explicitly focuses on the consumer's attitude toward the behavior of buying rather than the attitude toward the object. a. ATO model b. hierarchical model c. balance theory model d. elaboration likelihood model e. behavioral intentions model

e

The ego-defensive function of consumer attitudes: a. is based on the concept of reward and punishment. b. makes a consumer vulnerable to information that may be threatening. c. enables a consumer to express his or her core values, self-concept, and beliefs to others. d. allows consumers to simplify decision-making processes. e. works as a protection mechanism.

e

William is planning a vacation to Europe. He looks for travel packages that provide accommodation and travel facilities. He finds two packages that provide these criteria. He gives package 1 belief ratings of 8 and 7 respectively, and package 2 belief ratings of 9 and 5 respectively. Next, he gives these criteria evaluative ratings of 3 and 2 respectively. Finally, he calculates the overall attitude using the attitude-toward-object model and chooses package 1 over package 2 based on the score. Which of the following is the overall attitude score of package 1? a. 37 b. 75 c. 15 d. 14 e. 38

e

_____ refer to the characteristics of the person or character delivering a message that influence persuasion. a. Primary effects b. Message effects c. Peripheral effects d. Central effects e. Source effects

e

Experimental hierarchy

purchases are motivated by feelings