CCJ 1600 final study guide
According to research, which of the following statements is true?
Forced anal intercourse occurs more often than forced vaginal intercourse.
Which of the following statements about marital rape is true?
Many victims blame themselves for the rape.
Which of the following statements reflects how a rape case is actually handled in court?
The accuser is presumed guilty of "asking for it" until proven innocent.
Which of the following is an important reason why sociologists have a difficult time when studying family violence?
The family is the most cherished and intimate social institution in our lives.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Women have a higher suicide rate than men.
Which one of the following variables is MOST likely to be the greatest contributing factor toward murder?
accessibility to handguns
Which of the following is one way rapists attempt to determine the vulnerability of their victims?
approaching a woman on the street and asking for directions
College students in the United States have higher suicide rates than their non-college peers because they
are single and experience much stress.
Deviance as an "observable object" means that deviance
can be studied in a factual way.
The majority of depressed Americans do not kill themselves; those who do commit suicide do so because they have been under the influence of
certain social forces in their lives.
The __________ perspective is more pertinent for studying less serious kinds of deviance.
constructionist
Definitions of deviance fall into two opposing perspectives, the positivist and the
constructionist.
In general, cutters are
difficult to situate in a category of deviance.
At what point is an inmate'' stay at prison most likely to result in suicide?
during the initial phase of imprisonment
The "feeling of being raped again" refers to the woman victim's
encounter with the police.
From notes left by successful suicides and from reports given by suicide attempters, we can discern several types of suicidal feelings. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
feeling excited about the prospect of seeing God
Which of the following is a problem psychologists feel can lead men to become rapists?
feelings of sexual inadequacy
If a person wanted to attempt suicide, but was not sure he or she wanted to die, which of the following methods would be the least favored?
hanging or shooting
Research suggests that most men who kill their wives or girlfriends
have previously kept their victims in abusive relations.
According to the author of the text, the assertion that many rapes are victim-precipitated
is a male's biased view of rape.
Deviant behavior is any behavior that
is considered deviant by public consensus, which may range from maximum to minimum.
Research has shown that majority of abused women
leave abusive relationships.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the battered woman syndrome?
passively submitting to more violence
The factor most commonly associated with murder is
poverty
According to sociologists who study the role of power in the definition of deviance, deviance is any act that
the powerful consider to be a violation of some social rule.
Each year, approximately about __________ Americans die by their own hands.
30,000
Female genital mutilation mostly takes place in
Africa
Which of the following are criticisms of protective services efforts for children?
All of the above answers are criticisms.
The real extent of family violence may be much higher than the reported figures because
All of the above are true.
Which of the following is NOT a way poverty causes homicide?
Genetic factors cause both poverty and homicidal tendencies.
Which statement about the definition of deviance is TRUE?
Sociologists cannot agree on a precise definition of deviance.
Which of the following statements about the relationship between economic conditions and suicide is TRUE?
Suicide rates are higher in affluent societies than in poor ones.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true today?
Teenagers are more likely than young adults from 20 to 29 to kill.
When it comes to family violence, all of the following are false EXCEPT which one?
The majority of child abuse victims do not grow up to abuse their children.
Which of the following statements about the definition of deviance is TRUE?
There is usually a great deal of disagreement among people as to what they consider deviant.
Which of the following is a way suicide attempters differ from suicide committers?
They are more likely to be young.
Which of the following statements about the suicide bombers who attacked the U.S. on 9/11/2001 is TRUE?
They came from relatively well-off, middle-class families.
Which of the following is a reason why most of the women who continue to live with abusive husbands do not leave?
They fear their husbands will retaliate.
Which of the following is one reason why, for U.S. citizens, deviant behavior is more or less, rather than completely, deviant?
U.S. society is pluralistic
Which of the following statements about the characteristics of homicide is true?
Women are more likely to be killed at home.
The high rise in youthful suicide over the last 20 years has resulted from
a great decline in social integration and regulation in teen life.
According to the labeling theory, deviance is
a label imposed by others upon a given behavior.
Among sociologists, there is
a lack of consensus about what behavior should be seen as deviant.
The myth that women want to be raped is
a male blame-the-victim rationalization.
According to a study undertaken by Chappel and his associates, which of the following kinds of sexual environments might most hurt a man's failures to win sexual favors?
a permissive environment
Sociologists think that the homicide-suicide type of murder is "normal" because, after the killing, the murderer is
able to feel remorse.
According to a definition of spouse abuse that includes both violent and nonviolent acts,
about one-third of all U.S. couples assault their spouses.
From the constructionist perspective, deviants are
actively seeking meaning in the deviant activities.
If guns were less available, many heated arguments would result in
aggravated assaults rather than murders.
In the study undertaken by Amir, a common victim behavior that eventually leads to "victim-precipitated rape" involves the woman
agreeing to have a drink or ride with a stranger.
In 1965, J. L. Simmons asked a sample of the general public who they thought were deviant. Which of the following did significant numbers of people feel were deviant? In 1965, J. L. Simmons asked a sample of the general public who they thought were deviant. Which of the following did significant numbers of people feel were deviant?
all of the above
All of the following are definitions of deviance proposed by different sociologists, EXCEPT that deviance is
always immoral behavior.
According to the constructionist perspective, deviant behavior is
an expression of human volition.
Feminist theory states that rape is caused by sexual inequality because rape is
an expression of men's dominance over women.
Sociologists who study the role of power in the definition of deviance have discovered that the rich and powerful
can avoid the label of deviance.
The author of the text concludes that psychological theories of rape
can explain only a few unusual cases of rape.
Murders committed by people who are poor are often
committed on impulse.
In the past, most researchers attributed the link between urbanization and suicide to
conflicting social norms.
Which of the following groups has the highest suicide rates?
divorced persons
After committing the violence, most abusive husbands
do not admit guilt.
Most rapists
do some planning before their assaults.
Some countries with developing economies like China have high suicide rates because they
experience rapid social change.
Most rape survivors go through two phases of disorganization before regaining their ability to live normally: an acute phase of humiliation and self-blame, and a longer phase marked by
frightening dreams and phobias.
Poor people are more likely to use firearms than other weapons when they kill because guns
give a sense of power to the poor.
Which of the following kinds of deviance is best understood through a positivist perspective?
higher-consensus deviance
In order to win the "masculinity contest," men tend to see women as
if they were objects.
Which of the following is not a cause of rape listed in the text?
improper behavior on the part of the victim
In Western societies today, higher suicide rates are due in part to
increasingly permissive attitudes toward suicide.
Murder is an especially serious type of deviance because
its cost to the victim is forever irreparable.
The two types of services that seem most useful to abused elders are medical services and
legal services.
A strong religious identity and degree of religious conservatism is associated with a(n) _______ suicide rate.
lower
All of the following are factors that lead to more rape-prone campuses, except for
mandatory membership in fraternities.
Millions of people at one time or another have smoked marijuana. If sociologists asked a sample of U.S. citizens about this behavior, they would most likely discover that
many people disagreed about the deviant status of marijuana.
In the last two decades, the gender difference in suicide attempts has
narrowed significantly.
Anger, revenge, and courage to keep a rapist in jail are _____ ways rape survivors react after being raped.
outward
Which of the following factors is involved in most marital rapes?
physical violence or threats of it
Determinist, objectivist, and absolutist are other terms for aspects of the __________ perspective on deviance.
positivist
Feelings of depression, anxiety, and helplessness such as those suffered by U.S. soldiers who served in Vietnam and victims of physical injury, are called
posttraumatic stress disorder.
The author of the text points to recent studies that suggest the cause of higher violence rates among poor African Americans is
poverty and social inequality.
Which of the following behavioral characteristics would a rapist NOT consider a sign of vulnerability?
projecting confidence without appearing aggressive
According to Marvin Wolfgang's subculture of violence theory, the subculture upholds all of the following practices, EXCEPT for
providing strong external restraints leading to homicide.
One reason why we are more likely to be killed by those we know than by strangers is that murder most often
requires a great deal of emotion, which is more likely to be generated by intimate relations.
All of the following are types of legal reforms designed to help women in court, EXCEPT for
requiring all rape cases to be heard by female judges.
Influenced by the culture of rape, a man whose wife has been raped tends to
respect or love her less than before.
The criminologist Marvin Wolfgang studied victims of self-precipitated murder and determined that victims
secretly wished to kill themselves.
A type of murder involving killing a number of people one at a time is called
serial murder.
The feminine qualities conducive to becoming a victim of rape are
softness, gentleness, and consideration.
All of the following are ways that abusive husbands try to rationalize their violent acts, EXCEPT for
stating they do not remember carrying out the rape.
Which of the following conditions separates the positivist and constructionist perspectives on deviance?
the amount of public consensus about what type of behavior is deviant.
Outside of the police and the military, American society's most violent institution is
the family.
One reason why more poor people commit murders over very trivial acts is
the impact of economic and social oppression on one's sense of honor.
The most prevalent form of forced sex is
the rape of a woman by her husband.
Which of the following types of people are examples of positive deviants?
the saint, the intellectual, and the genius
One of the reasons why recently diagnosed, less-sick, HIV-infected patients are more suicidal than those dying of AIDS-related illnesses is
the sudden transformation from being a totally healthy person to a seriously ill person.
According to the subculture of violence theory, the poor are more violent than people in the larger culture because
the violent subculture has a powerful grip on the poor.
Homicides occur most frequently during
the weekends.
The extent of family violence varies from one report to another because researchers
utilize different definitions of family violence.
With acquaintance rape, the rapist mostly uses
verbal coercion.
School violence is caused by all of the following, except for
violent sports competition.
Those who threaten suicide
would rather live than die.
