CCJS 341 Week 8 - The Changing Nature of Crime And Criminal Investigations: Read pages 9-48

Vehicle Theft Decline

53% decrease due to anti-theft technology advancements

Child Exploitation

Abuse or manipulation of minors for personal gain or gratification.

Police Response

Actions taken by law enforcement agencies to address evolving crimes.

NCVS Data Supplement

Additional data collection by NCVS for specific years or purposes.

Shimmers

Advanced, smaller devices for stealing RFID data

$4,857

Average monetary loss per internet-related crime in 2016

Complex Crimes

Challenge law enforcement in defining actions and identifying victims

Law Enforcement Agencies

Challenged in categorizing complex crimes across jurisdictions

Crime Evolution

Changes in the nature and methods of criminal activities over time.

Sextortion

Coercing victims into providing explicit images or videos under threat

Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)

Collects complaints on internet-facilitated crimes

Traditional crimes

Conventional criminal activities now executed using technology

Cloned cards

Counterfeit cards created using stolen credit card data

Synthetic Identity Theft

Creating a new identity using information from multiple sources.

Identity Theft

Crime type rising, with 59% more complaints in 2016

Multi-jurisdictional

Crimes crossing multiple legal boundaries, posing challenges for investigation

Cybercrime

Criminal activities conducted through digital means.

Internet Crime

Criminal activities facilitated through online platforms.

Data Limitations

Current systems do not fully capture new and evolving crime types

Social engineering

Cyberattack using deception to obtain personal information or network access

Fraud

Deception for financial or personal gain.

Violent Crime Rate

Decreased by 50% from 1993 to 2015 per UCR data

Victim impact

Devastating effects on victims, including relocation and suicide risks

Skimmers

Devices stealing credit card information from unsuspecting victims

Prosecution challenges

Difficulties in charging cyber-crime cases due to legal gaps

Key Fob Jamming

Disrupting signals to prevent car locking for theft

Property Crime Rate

Dropped by 48% from 1993 to 2015 according to UCR

Modernizing Crime Statistics

Effort to update crime measurement systems for new crimes

FBI analysis

Examination of sextortion cases revealing severe impacts, including suicide

IC3

FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center, gathers internet crime reports.

Underreported Crimes

FBI estimates 6 unreported internet crimes for every reported one

NIBRS

FBI's system capturing multiple offenses per incident

Victims of Cyber-Crimes

Face difficulties in reporting and follow-up investigations

CSN

Federal Trade Commission Consumer Sentinel Network, collects consumer complaints.

Embarrassment

Feeling of shame or self-blame hindering crime reporting

Illegal Gun Sales on Dark Web

Growing concern with ATF targeting large-scale operations

Financial crimes

Illegal activities involving monetary gain, facilitated by technology

Credit card fraud

Illegally obtaining credit card information for unauthorized transactions

Cyber-Crime Impact

Illustrated by tracking offenses, victims, and financial losses

Crime Data Sources

Include UCR, NCVS, NIBRS, IC3, and Consumer Sentinel Network

Fraud Offenses

Included in NIBRS data since 2016

White-Collar Crimes

Includes fraud, forgery, embezzlement in UCR categorization

Law enforcement risks

Increased challenges for police due to technology advancements in crime

Surface Web

Indexed and searchable websites like news and social media

ICCS

International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes, a global crime classification system.

Criminal penalties

Legal consequences for unlawful actions, often insufficient in cyber-crime cases

Risk Reduction

Lowering the likelihood of negative consequences or detection.

Ransomware

Malicious software that blocks access to a system until a ransom is paid.

Crime Measurement Systems

NIBRS aims to enhance data quality and completeness

Data Completeness

NIBRS improves quality by capturing more detailed crime data

NCVS

National Crime Victimization Survey, collects data on crime victims.

Internet-Enabled Crimes

Not fully accounted for in current crime data systems

Underreporting

Not reporting crimes to authorities, leading to inaccurate data.

Dark web forums

Online platforms discussing criminal techniques, often inaccessible through regular browsers

Dark Web Marketplaces

Online platforms for illegal trade, often involving anonymity.

Engine Immobilizers

Prevent cars from starting without recognized electronic key

Deep Web

Private networks and databases not indexed by search engines

Government legislation

Process of creating laws to address evolving cyber-crime challenges

Data Collection

Process of gathering information for analysis and reporting.

Financial Gains

Profits obtained through criminal activities.

Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR)

Program by FBI since 1930 for crime data compilation

Dark Web Anonymity

Provides masked identities for illegal transactions

Financial Institutions

Reluctant to report cyber-crimes due to negative publicity

Identity Theft Victims

Reported by 7% of U.S. residents, with financial account fraud common

Psychological harm

Severe mental distress caused by criminal actions

Remote sexual assault

Sextortion termed as a form of online sexual exploitation

Crime Trends

Show declines in traditional crimes but may not reflect all crime types

Internet Crime Trends

Show increasing complaints and monetary losses in recent years

Anonymity

State of being anonymous or unidentifiable.

Identity Theft via Registration Cards

Stealing documents for personal information to commit fraud

NAS Panel Recommendations

Suggestions for enhancing crime statistics and data collection.

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Survey by Bureau of Justice Statistics for crime measurement

Crime Classification Framework

System for categorizing crimes to aid in data collection and analysis.

Law Enforcement Strategies

Tactics and plans used by authorities to combat crime.

Legislative lag

Time delay in creating laws addressing complex cyber-crimes

Skimming devices

Tools attached to card payment devices to steal card data

$1.45 billion

Total monetary losses from 298,728 internet-related crimes in 2016

Online Drug Trafficking

Transitioning drug sales from streets to dark web markets

Credit Card Fraud

Type of crime challenging to fit into UCR framework

Crime Reporting Systems

UCR measures reported crimes, NCVS surveys criminal victimizations

Revenge porn

Unlawful publication of intimate images without consent

Harassment via Technology

Using electronic means like social media for harassment

New criminal methods

Utilizing technology to commit offenses in innovative ways