CCNA 100-101 Chapter 1. TCP/IP and OSI Networkinig Models

What are the differences between the OSI model and the updated TCP/IP model?

OSI model: 7-layers TCP/IP model: 5-layers, combines layers 5-7 of the OSI model into the Application layer.

A logical grouping of bytes that includes the network layer header and encapsulated data, but specifically does not include any headers and trailers below the network layer.

Packet

IP defines the process of routing so that devices called routers can forward....... so that they are delivered to the correct destination.

Packets of data

What feature of the Network layer refers to the work done by routing protocols to learn all possible routes and choose the best route?

Path determination

Standards form other organizations deal with the characteristics of the transmission medium, including connectors, pins, use of pinis, electrical currents, encodinig, light modulation, and the rules of how to activate and deactivate the use of the medium is what layer?

Physical

What layer(s) do the following devices belong to? LAN hub, LAN repeater, cable

Physical(Layer 1)

What commonly known system uses addressing & routing like the Internet protocol?

Postal Service

This layer of the OSI model's main purpose is to define and negotiate data formats. Encryption is also defined by OSI as service on this layer.

Presentation

What does the OSI encapsulation process use to refer to various layers and their respective encapusulated data?

Protocol data unit (PDU). i.e. L3PDU refers to Layer 3 PDU.

What TCP/IP layer protocols provide services to the application layer protocols?

Transport

What feature of the Network layer defines how devices forward packets to their final destination?

Routing

How many layers in the original TCP/IP model? How many in the updated version?

4 and 5

Which OSI layer defines the standards for cabling and connectors?

A. Layer 1

Each layer of the TCP/IP model provides a service to the layer....?

Above it

What concept does TCP use that is a feature of error recovery?

Acknowledgements

The process of TCP on one computer marking a TCP segment as segment 1, and the receiving computer then acknowledging the receipt of TCP segment 1 is an example of what? a. Data encapsulation b. Same-layer interaction c. Adjacent-layer interaction d. OSI model e. All of these answers are correct

B. Same-layer interaction

Which OSI layer defines the functions of logical network-wide addressing and routing? a. Layer 1 b. Layer 2 c. Layer 3 d. Layer 4 e. Layer 5, 6, or 7

C. Layer 3

Which of the following protocols are examples of TCP/IP transport layer protocols? (Choose two answers.) a. Ethernet b. HTTP c. IP d. UDP e. SMTP f. TCP

D. UDP and F. TCP

A term referring to a data link header and trailer, plus the data encapsulated between the header and trailer.

Frame

What do protocols use as a place to put information used by that protocol?

Header

IP defines that each host computer should have a different....?

IP address

IP is an example protocal of what layer of the TCP/IP model?

Internet

Ethernet, PPP, T1 are example protocols of what TCP/IP layer?

Link

What layer defines the protocols and hardware required to deliver data across some physical network?

Link Layer (Data Link Plus Physical)

In TCP, a term used to describe a TCP header and its encapsulated data (also called an L4PDU). Also in TCP, the process of accepting a large chunk of data from the application layer and breaking it into smaller pieces that fit into TCP segments. In Ethernet, a segment is either a single Ethernet cable or a single collision domain (no matter how many cables are used).

Segment

Two most commonly used transprot layer protocols?

TCP & UDP

What layer(s) do the following devices belong to? Hosts, Firewalls

TCP/IP Application Layer(OSI Layers 5-7), Transport(Layer 4)

TCP and UDP are example protocols of what TCP/IP layers?

Transport

This layer focuses on issues related to data delivery to another computer(for example, error recovery and flow control).

Transport

Segment, packet, and frame refers to the headers (and possibly trailers) defined by a particular layer and the data encapsulated following that header. What layers do each refer to?

segment for the transport layer, packet for the network layer, and frame for the link layer

The process of a web server adding a TCP header to the contents of a web page, followed by adding an IP header and then adding a data link header and trailer is an example of what? a. Data encapsulation b. Same-layer interaction c. OSI model d. All of these answers are correct.

A. Data Encapsulation

Which of the following protocols are examples of TCP/IP data link layer protocols? (Choose two answers.) a. Ethernet b. HTTP c. IP d. UDP e. SMTP f. TCP g. PPP

A. Ethernet and G. PPP

What are the two most important features of the Internet Protocol of the Network Layer?

Addressing & Routing

During encapsulation, each layer adds its own header to the data supplied by the higher layer. What does the Data Link layer do differently than the other layers?

Adds a trailer

What type of interaction is it when one layer provides a service to a higher layer on the same computer?

Adjacent layer interaction

HTTP, POP3, SMTP are example protocols of what TCP/IP layer?

Application

This layer of the OSI model provides an interface between the communications software and any applications that need to communicate outside the computer on which the application resides. It also defines processes for user authentication.

Application

What layer provides an interface between software running on a computer and the network itself?

Application

What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?

Application, Transport, Network/Internet, Link/Data Link & Physical.

The process of HTTP asking TCP to send some data and making sure that it is received correctly is an example of what? a. Same-layer interaction b. Adjacent-layer interaction c. OSI model d. All of these answers are correct.

B. Adjacent-layer interaction

Which of the following terms are not valid terms for the names of the seven OSI layers? Choose two

C. Transmission and E. Internet

Which of the following terms is used specifically to identify the entity created when encapsulating data inside data link layer headers and trailers? a. Data b. Chunk c. Segment d. Frame e. Packet

D. Frame

What layer(s) do the following devices belong to? LAN switch, wireless AP, cable modem, DSL modem

Data Link(Layer 2)

The rules that determine when a device can send data over a particular medium and the format of a header and trailer that allows devices attached to the medium to successfully send and receive data is what layer?

Data link

On a computer that receives data over a network, the process in which the device interprets the lower-layer headers and, when finished with each header, removes the header, revealing the next-higher-layer PDU.

Deencapsulation

This is the process of putting headers (and sometimes trailers) around some data?

Encapsulation

What feature of the Network layer defines how each device can have an address that can be used by the routing process?

Logical addressing

This layer defines three main features: logical addressing, routing (forwarding), and path determination.

Network

What layer(s) do the following devices belong to? Routers

Network(Layer 3)

What layer(s) do the following protocols and/or specifications belong to? Telnet, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, SNMP, VoIP

OSI = TCP/IP Application, Presentation, Session = Application

Name the 5 layers of the TCP/IP model to the corresponding OSI layer. OSI: Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

OSI = TCP/IP Application, Presentation, Session = Application Transport = Transport Network = Network Data Link = Data Link Physical = Physical

What layer(s) do the following protocols and/or specifications belong to? Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), HDLC

OSI = TCP/IP Data Link = Data Link

What layer(s) do the following protocols and/or specifications belong to? IP

OSI = TCP/IP Network = Network

What layer(s) do the following protocols and/or specifications belong to? RJ-45, Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)

OSI = TCP/IP Physical = Physical

What layer(s) do the following protocols and/or specifications belong to? TCP/UDP

OSI = TCP/IP Transport = Transport

When a particular layer on a computer wants to communicate with the same layer on another computer what type of interaction is this?

Same layer interaction

This layer defines how to start, control, and end converstaions. This includes the control and management of multiple bidirectional messages so that the application can be notified if only some of a series of messages are completed. This allows the presentation layer to have a seamless view of an incoming stream of data.

Session

What is a service that the Transport layer protocol provides to the Application layer?

TCP: error recovery