CD 256: Chapt 6

______ refers to the characteristics related to femininity and masculinity based on social and cultural norms. Multiple choice question.

Gender

______ play involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports.

Practice

With the rate of employment for mothers on the rise in the United States, statistics show that one of every ______ mothers with children under the age of 5 is in the labor force.

two

The _________ parenting style is a restrictive, punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their directions and respect their work and effort.

authoritarian

According to Baumrind, children whose parents are ______ are often cheerful, self-controlled, self-reliant, and achievement oriented.

authoritative

What parenting style encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions?

authoritative

What parenting style encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions?

authoritative parenting

In all types of child maltreatment, which of the following is almost always present?

emotional abuse

Sensorimotor _______ is defined as behavior engaged in by infants to derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas.

play

Which of the following theories states that children appraise marital conflict in terms of their sense of security and safety in the family?

emotional security theory

True or false: Children of working mothers engage in more gender stereotyping and hold less egalitarian views than children of mothers who stay at home.

false

Children who repeatedly throw a ball against a wall to work on their aim are engaging in what type of play?

practice

After a divorce, each of the following is more likely to be experienced by mothers than fathers EXCEPT

loss of child custody.

After a divorce, each of the following is more likely to be experienced by mothers than fathers EXCEPT Multiple choice question.

loss of child custody.

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are classified as part of the ______ because they represent broader societal contexts. Multiple choice question.

macrosystem

What type of development involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interaction with other people?

moral

Children who exhibit the poorest adjustment to parental divorce are those that have been involved in how many parental divorces?

multiple

The four main types of child maltreatment include physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and child ______.

neglect

According to Baumrind, the ______ style of parenting is characterized by a lack of involvement in the child's life.

neglectful

Children raised by _______ parents generally feel that other aspects of their parents' lives are more important than they are and tend to have poor self-control, low self-esteem, and have trouble with peer relationships and immaturity.

neglectful

Which type of play involves interactions with peers?

social play

Which of the following most characterizes authoritative parenting?

verbal give-and-take

Which key elements are important to improving the adjustment of children of divorce?

- a harmonious relationship between the divorced parents - the use of the authoritative parenting style

Children raised by authoritative parents are likely to display which of the following characteristics?

- cheerfulness and self-control - self-reliance and achievement orientation - friendliness with peers

Negative consequences of divorce are more likely to occur in which of the following?

- children who are not socially mature - children who do not have an easy temperament - children who are not responsible

Research has shown some children from divorced families are more likely to have which of the following?

- drug issues - academic problems - depression - anxiety

Which of the following are likely characteristics for children of authoritarian parents?

- failure to initiate activity - weak communication skills - anxiety about comparing themselves with others - unhappiness and fear

According to research by Hetherington and Stanley-Hagen (2002), which of the following are possible reasons that parents should stay in unhappy, conflicted marriages?

- if conflict between the couple would increase after the divorce - if parenting would become more inept after the divorce - if conflict among family members would increase after the divorce

Baumrind argued that parents should NOT do which of the following?

- leave children to make their own rules - be punitive or aloof

What are the three proposed social theories of gender?

- psychoanalytic theory - social cognitive theory - social role theory

Which of the following are characteristic of children whose parents are neglectful?

- social incompetence - inability to handle independence - low self-esteem - immaturity

Which of the following constitute direct emotional abuse?

- verbal abuse - psychological abuse - mental injury

The highest incidence of game-playing occurs between what ages? Multiple choice question.

10 and 12

On average, siblings between the ages of 2 and 4 have a conflict once every

10 minutes

By what age do most children know their sex (that is, the labeling of their biological or genetic makeup as female or male based on hormones, chromosomes, and internal and external genitalia)?

2

Custodial mothers experience the loss of about ______ of their predivorce income.

25 to 50 percent

Between what ages do sibling conflicts tend to decrease in frequency?

5 to 7 years of age

______ play occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution.

Constructive

True or false: The mother's involvement with children drops off more than the father's involvement following a divorce.

False

True or false: There is only one type of play called social play.

False

Which of the following statements about gender is true?

Gender refers to the characteristics related to femininity and masculinity based on social and cultural norms.

According to Erikson's developmental stages, which emotion lowers self-esteem in young children?

Guilt

________ development involves changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do when interacting with others.

Moral

Which of the following is true about the problems seen in children from divorced homes?

Their problems may be the result of the marital conflict that led to the divorce.

All of the following factors help children adjust better to divorce, EXCEPT

a difficult temperament.

The four parenting styles involve the dimensions of ______ and responsiveness on the one hand, and ______ and control on the other.

acceptance, demand

According to Baumrind, which type of parents place firm limits and controls on their child, allows little verbal exchange, and might show rage toward their child?

authoritarian

Baumrind describes children raised by ______ parents as often unhappy, fearful, and anxious about comparing themselves to others.

authoritarian

Match the type of child maltreatment with the correct definition or example.

child neglect matches Choice, failure to provide for a child's basic needs failure to provide for a child's basic needs emotional abuse matches Choice, psychological, verbal, or mental acts or omissions that could cause serious behavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems psychological, verbal, or mental acts or omissions that could cause serious behavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems physical abuse matches Choice, infliction of physical injury infliction of physical injury sexual abuse matches Choice, incest, rape, or fondling genitals incest, rape, or fondling genitals

_______ is defined as the support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child.

coparenting

Which of the following factors influence the risk of and vulnerability to negative consequences of divorce for a child?

custody situation child's predivorce adjustment child's personality and temperament

Which theory would be most likely to explore the idea that parenting is influenced by culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status

ecological theory

Diana Baumrind has described ______ of parenting based on various levels of warmth and involvement.

four types

Which of the following provides a framework for how people should think, act, and feel based on social and cultural norms about gender?

gender roles

Gender _______ is a person's inner sense of being a girl/woman, boy/man, another gender, or no gender.

identity

According to Baumrind, the ________ parenting style places few demands or controls on the child and is characterized by overly involved parents.

indulgent

according to Baumrind, what type of parents are highly involved in their child's life but place few demands or controls on the child?

indulgent

Sensorimotor play is best defined as behavior engaged in by

infants to derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemas.

Children raised by gay or lesbian parents are ______ popular and well-adjusted compared to children raised by heterosexual parents.

just as likely to be

Yvonne and Gregory spend most of their leisure time with one another, leaving their child at home. They are more concerned with their own needs than those of their child. According to Baumrind, what parenting style do Yvonne and Gregory utilize?

neglectful

Match the description to the corresponding parenting style.

neglectful parenting -> uninvolved authoritative parenting -> encourages independence, verbal give-and-take, nurturing encourages authoritarian parenting -> restrictive, punitive, firm limits and controls indulgent parenting -> highly involved, but few demands or controls

Children raised by gay or lesbian parents or couples are ______ than children of heterosexual parents to be lesbian, gay, or bisexual when they grow up. Multiple choice question.

no more likely

Who do young children identify with most during the initiative-versus-guilt stage?

parents

Two friends are about the same age and maturity level. They are

peers.

A pleasurable activity that is engaged in for its own sake is referred to as

play

At what stage do children begin to participate in games involving simple rules of reciprocity and turn-taking? Multiple choice question.

preschool

Social play increases dramatically during the ______ years. Multiple choice question.

preschool

many experts on play consider the ______ years the "golden age" of symbolic/preten

preschool

What type of play are children engaging in if they pick up a building block and pretend to be talking on the phone?

pretense/symbolic

If the stresses and disruptions in the family are ______ by the move to a divorced, single-parent family, divorce can be advantageous.

reduced

A gender ______ is a set of expectations that prescribes how people should think, act, and feel based on social and cultural norms about gender.

role

the amount of time individuals spend with television, DVDs, computers, video games, and hand-held electronic devices such as smartphones is referred to as _____ time.

screen time

After developing self-awareness, children around the age of 18 months begin experiencing what type of emotions?

self-conscious

What type of emotion includes embarrassment, guilt, pride, and shame?

self-conscious

What type of impact does television have on children's development?

significant impact

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major social theories regarding gender differences?

social biological theory