CDEC 1281

Separation anxiety is found only in infants with insecure attachments. a. True b. False

False

Which statement about child development is true? a. Development follows the same general sequences and patterns for all children. b. Cultural influence and environment do not affect a child's development. c. Development is defined as acquisition of knowledge and skills through systematic study. d. Children move through developmental sequences at surprisingly similar rates.

a. Development follows the same general sequences and patterns for all children.

Kia, a toddler teacher, has preconceived negative views about homeless families. What is the best way to foster positive development of her professional perspectives on homeless children? a. Spending time with homeless children and families in homeless shelters b. Educating herself about the causes of families becoming homeless c. Pretending to be homeless herself for a twenty-four-hour period d. Learning more about demographics of families in homeless shelters

a. Spending time with homeless children and families in homeless shelters

Which scenario contains a natural consequence? a. Tabitha pours her cup of milk down the sink and has no milk for snack time. b. Mason spills his milk on the snack table and has to clean it up with a towel. c. Livia does not get off the swing when her turn is over and loses her swing privileges. d. Levi knocks over Kevin's block tower and has to help Kevin put the blocks away.

a. Tabitha pours her cup of milk down the sink and has no milk for snack time.

A diagnosis of a visual impairment can often be made earlier than a hearing impairment. a. True b. False

a. True

Recent research on a sample of Head Start teachers revealed that parents' priorities and expertise regarding their children's educational planning was excluded from parent-teacher conferences. a. True b. False

a. True

Research on military families found that reuniting with family members after a deployment can be as stressful as the separation when a parent is deployed. a. True b. False

a. True

Which scenario best illustrates Bronfenbrenner's term bidirectional? a. Two toddlers at a child care center teach other the word for "green" in their native language. b. Teachers in adjoining classrooms take turns monitoring rest time at their child care center. c. State and local governments work together to develop curriculum standards for preschools. d. The parents of two siblings focus on instituting the same disciplinary rules for both.

a. Two toddlers at a child care center teach other the word for "green" in their native language.

Which activities are formal educational opportunities? a. attending workshops b. discussing ideas with colleagues c. acquiring a child development associate certificate d. reading journal articles e. working with a mentor

a. attending workshops c. acquiring a child development associate certificate e. working with a mentor

Craig believes all children need to be physically active for at least thirty minutes a day. Because of this, he times his group of two-year-olds as they walk, run, or ride a tricycle around the yard in a circle, to make certain they stay active the entire thirty minutes. What is Craig failing to demonstrate? a. attunement b. accordance c. attention d. autonomy

a. attunement

Significant contributors to children being at-risk include being: a. being raised by a parent with mental health issues. b. having divorced parents. c. experiencing undernourishment. d. living in poverty. e. being raised by a grandparent.

a. being raised by a parent with mental health issues. c. experiencing undernourishment. d. living in poverty.

Which practice encompasses emotional interaction, instructional planning, and various types of teaching and learning techniques involving children, families, colleagues, and the community? a. developmentally appropriate b. student-initiated c. performance-based d. guided student

a. developmentally appropriate

Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development occurs from birth to about age two and involves which substages? a. differentiation b. experimentation c. assimilation d. regression e. coordination

a. differentiation b. experimentation e. coordination

Which approach should a teacher employ to respect the unique patterns that each child demonstrates? a. observe milestones b. minimize differences c. encourage risk taking d. take assessments

a. observe milestones

What do teachers use to gather as much information as possible about what the child does at home? a. open-ended questions b. close-ended questions c. you statements d. I statements

a. open-ended questions

Abuse is an action that causes harm to another. What are the major forms of abuse? a. physical b. educational c. emotional d. sexual e. situational

a. physical c. emotional d. sexual

Which specific sets of behaviors must be calibrated and paced for rapport to be built with another person? a. posture b. nonverbal communication c. perceptual abilities d. observational biases e. representational systems

a. posture b. nonverbal communication e. representational systems

Tambor, an infant teacher, documents a child's behaviors and the frequency of the behaviors on a form. What assessment method is Tambor most likely using? a. rating scale b. anecdotal record c. running record d. documentation panel

a. rating scale

What term is used for behaviors that deviate from the developmental milestone and expected range? a. red flags b. turning points c. baseline dispositions d. anecdotal signals

a. red flags

Infants with secure attachments tend to have caregivers who: a. respond consistently to infants' needs. b. interpret infants' emotional signals sensitively. c. have experienced attachment-related traumas. d. direct the pace of their mutual interactions. e. express affection regularly.

a. respond consistently to infants' needs. b. interpret infants' emotional signals sensitively. e. express affection regularly.

Research on attachment security of infants with full-time working mothers has found that most infants of employed mothers exhibit _____ attachment. a. secure b. avoidant c. resistant d. disoriented

a. secure

Which developmental theory places the greatest value on social interactions between children and their elders? a. sociocultural theory b. ecological systems theory c. cognitive developmental theory d. psychosocial theory

a. sociocultural theory

Research on toddlers' transitions to child care in Korea suggests that strong _____ support successful adaptations. a. teacher-parent collaborations b. negative reinforcements c. discipline strategies d. hierarchical structures

a. teacher-parent collaborations

Lani, a toddler teacher, would like to record the number of children in her class that display anxiety-related behaviors, such as nail-biting, while falling asleep at naptime. What is the best observational method for Lani's purpose? a. time sampling b. home-school journaling c. event sampling d. communication logging

a. time sampling

Classifying the zone of proximal development help teachers determine: a. what to emphasize. b. what to convey to parents. c. how to increase performance. d. how to distribute resources.

a. what to emphasize.

Which account demonstrates appropriate use of an "I" statement? a. "I am so angry with Cecil because he is always complaining." b. "I feel frustrated when I can't finish my thoughts or sentences." c. "I feel mad when you always roll your eyes at me." d. "I get tired of you interrupting me.

b. "I feel frustrated when I can't finish my thoughts or sentences."

Infants from various cultures around the world exhibit separation anxiety starting around nine months and increasing in intensity until approximately _____ months of age. a. 11 b. 15 c. 24 d. 36

b. 15

All disruptive behaviors require specific interventions designed to help children acquire more positive social or emotional regulation skills. a. True b. False

b. False

Research suggests that young children from various cultures develop essentially identical skills and abilities. a. True b. False

b. False

Teachers are trained to screen and diagnose developmental delays. a. True b. False

b. False

Temperament cannot be influenced by environmental factors during the first three years of life. a. True b. False

b. False

Professional organizations have well-established _____ programs for child care with more stringent standards than licensing regulations and serve to recognize high-quality programs that meet physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development of the children, as well as the needs of the families being served. a. mainstreaming b. accreditation c. registration d. identification

b. accreditation

A research study suggests that in Caucasian families, maternal spanking is associated with _____ behaviors in children. a. introverted b. aggressive c. autonomous d. unresponsive

b. aggressive

Chelsea is uninterested when her mother leaves her in a room with a stranger and actually moves toward the stranger upon her return. Chelsea is demonstrating _____ attachment. a. secure b. avoidant c. resistant d. disoriented

b. avoidant

Research has confirmed maternal behavior can influence infant cortisol levels. Lower cortisol levels have been found when mothers: a. sing to their infants. b. breastfeed longer. c. work outside of the home. d. co-sleep with their infants. e. respond to infant distress.

b. breastfeed longer. d. co-sleep with their infants. e. respond to infant distress.

A child care center is looking to hire teachers of children "birth to age three." You are interested in applying for this position because the center is demonstrating the implementation of: a. partnering. b. continuity of care. c. family grouping. d. restructuring.

b. continuity of care.

Which special functions are controlled by the cerebral cortex? a. breathing b. decision making c. production of language d. planning e. balance

b. decision making c. production of language d. planning

According to the Children's Defense Fund, more than 2.9 million _____ are responsible for raising their _____. a. single mothers; children b. grandparents; grandchildren c. single fathers; children d. foster parents; foster children

b. grandparents; grandchildren

Research has demonstrated a link between social withdrawal during adolescence and _____ inhibition during infancy or toddlerhood. a. low behavioral b. high behavioral c. high motor skill d. low motor skill

b. high behavioral

Which term is used by Reggio Emilia educators to describe the strategy for building relationships among adults and children when the child is first entering an infant-toddler center? a. professionale b. inserimento c. amare d. insegnante

b. inserimento

What is perhaps the most important part of a family-caregiver conference? a. communicating observations and evaluations of the children b. negotiating developmental and learning goals for the children c. sharing accomplishments performed by the children d. receiving feedback about the children in the early childhood program

b. negotiating developmental and learning goals for the children

Which childhood activity is most effective at developing working memory? a. sorting games b. pretend play c. watching television d. playing on outdoor equipment

b. pretend play

The RISE mental model helps teachers understand their role when guiding the behavior of young children by examining several factors to determine who owns the problem. What are some of these factors? a. operants b. self c. schedules d. environment e. child

b. self d. environment e. child

Allie is beginning to combine words into understandable phrases and sentences. What concept of understanding is she acquiring? a. pragmatics b. syntax c. semantics d. phonology

b. syntax

Which statement reflects a positively stated limit? a. "Dora, remember to not run inside." b. "Teddy, you're going to trip over your shoelaces if they are not tied." c. "Camille, use your napkin for your dirty hands." d. "Ben, be careful not to get paint on the table."

c. "Camille, use your napkin for your dirty hands."

At what age do children typically begin engaging in cooperative play? a. birth to 12 months b. 12-24 months2 c. 4-36 months d. 36-48 months

c. 4-36 months

Latisha's parents read books on child development after their infant goes to sleep for the night. They are particularly interested in one theorist, who focuses on the stages of development involving trust, autonomy, identity, and intimacy. Who is this theorist? a. Bandura b. Watson c. Erikson d. Bowlby

c. Erikson

Rick wants to demonstrate attention to each child in his classroom. What is the best way for him to accomplish this? a. Choose healthy snack options for his classroom. b. Encourage the children to select a book from the class library. c. Smile and greet each child as they enter the classroom. d. Compliment each child on a specific clothing choice.

c. Smile and greet each child as they enter the classroom.

Prosocial behavior in toddlers has been shown to increase when parents: a. discuss their own emotions. b. allow more individual self-exploration. c. ask them to label and explain emotions. d. maintain a positive attitude.

c. ask them to label and explain emotions.

After observing two-year-old Charlie stacking blocks, his caregiver sits down with him and begins teaching how to count using the blocks. Charlie, who has just woken up from a nap, would rather stack blocks than count them, but the caregiver persists in changing the activity. What is his caregiver failing to demonstrate? a. actualization b. approval c. attunement d. alignment

c. attunement

Babies are most likely to exhibit separation anxiety during which phase of development? a. attachment-in-the-making b. preattachment c. clear-cut attachment d. reciprocal relationship

c. clear-cut attachment

Which skill consists of the ability to soothe ourselves and manage our emotions? a. cognitive functioning b. emotional expression c. emotional regulation d. cognitive restriction

c. emotional regulation

Which motor pathway expects specific stimuli at birth? a. experience-dependent b. stimulation-exclusive c. experience-expectant d. stimulation-inclusive

c. experience-expectant

Which meeting would be most appropriate to discuss developmental concerns about a student with their parents? a. parent education meeting b. home visit c. family-caregiver conference d. informal social call

c. family-caregiver conference

The statement "Akira refused to eat her snack" is an example of _____ phrasing. a. procedural b. centralized c. interpretative d. descriptive

c. interpretative

According to Daniel Stern, which capacity is present at birth? a. differentiation b. plasticity c. intersubjectivity d. hypervigilance

c. intersubjectivity

What type of knowledge is constructed by the child and involves identifying relationships between objects? a. schema-script b. physical-tactile c. logico-mathematical d. social-arbitrary

c. logico-mathematical

Children who develop within the average range can have periods of _____, which follow forward movement in skill development. a. progression b. maturation c. regression d. atrophy

c. regression

Sarah clings to her mother when she tries to leave the room and is difficult to soothe when she returns. Sarah is demonstrating which type of attachment? a. secure b. avoidant c. resistant d. disoriented

c. resistant

Raina, a child care provider, showers the children with compliments, no matter what their behavior. Which concept has Raina misunderstood? a. alignment b. adaptability c. attenuation d. approval

d. approval

arrie, an eight-month-old, wants more space to move and cries to get out of her crib. Her father moves her to the floor and plays with her. What aspect of an ecological system does this illustrate? a. unilateral influences b. negative reinforcement c. restructuring effect d. bidirectional influences

d. bidirectional influences

The goal of creating _____ is to make visible to the teacher, children, and family members the development and learning that has been occurring in the classroom. a. scripted narratives b. interpretative reviews c. individualized records d. documentation panels

d. documentation panels

Higher levels of effortful control in children have been associated with fewer _____ behaviors and higher levels of _____. a. internalizing; cognitive development b. externalizing; cognitive development c. internalizing; social competence d. externalizing; social competence

d. externalizing; social competence

Which brain structure is responsible for regulating automatic functions (e.g., digestion, breathing, and balance)? a. forebrain b. frontal lobe c. midbrain d. hindbrain

d. hindbrain

Which set of skills is built upon through explaining to children how their behavior may make others feel? a. locus of control b. self-soothing c. emotional talk d. perspective-taking

d. perspective-taking

Children struggle with conflicting needs for dependence and independence during which subphase of Mahler's separation-individuation theory? a. practicing b. differentiation c. libidinal object constancy d. rapprochement

d. rapprochement

Babies reach a developmental milestone when they can sit alone and begin to crawl at _____ months. a. two to three b. three to four c. four to five d. six to eight

d. six to eight

A teacher who is observing a young child's interactions with other teachers most likely to be assessing: a. physical development. b. cognitive/language development. c. emotional development. d. social development.

d. social development.

Which type of behavior is associated with toddlers expressing strong emotions, such as frustration and anger? a. projection b. withdrawal c. sublimation d. tantrums

d. tantrums