cell biology cartilage
What is anchorin CII?
anchorin CII is a type of Multiadhesive glycoprotien that functions as a collagen receptor on chondrocytes
What are the different types of Multiadhesive glycoprotiens?
anchorin CII, tenascin, and fibronectin
What is the purpose of Articular cartilage?
protects the end of long bones and helps lubricate synovial joints
What proteoglycan in the cartilage matrix form aggregates? What type of
Aggrecan
chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate of the cartilage matrix join to a protein to form a proteoglycan monomer what is the most important proteoglycan monomer of Hyaline cartilage?
Aggrecan
What is significant about the most important proteoglycan monomer of hyaline cartilage?
Aggrecan has a high affinity for water molecules. (aggrecan keeps cartilage hydrated)
What kind of tissue is cartilage
An avascular tissue with an extensive extracellular matrix.
What type of cartilagenous tissue lack perichondrium?
Articular cartilage, epiphyseal plates and fibrocartilage all lack a perichondrium.
what type of cells are cartilage cells
Cartilage Cells are called chondrocytes.
what produces the hyaline cartilage matrix?
Chondrocytes
Describe the appearance of fibrocartilage?
Chondrocytes of fibrocartilage can be found among the collagen fibers in rows, groups or singly. IMPORTANT: Rows of chondrocytes in fibrocartilage are called TRAINS (this is a distinguishing feature of fibrocartilage)
Where can chondrocytes be found?
Chondrocytes reside in matrix cavities called lacunae.
What is a cartilage-specific collagen molecule
Collagen molecules that are found in significant amounts only in cartilage matrix. collagen type 2, 6, 9 , 10 and 11 are referred to as cartilage specific collagen molcules because they are found (in a significant amount) only in the cartilage matrix
Describe collagen type 10 one of the collagen molecules found in the hyaline cartilage matrix
Collagen type 10 organizes collagen fibrils into a hexagonal lattice
Describe collagen type 11 one of the collagen molecules found in the hyaline cartilage matrix
Collagen type 11 regulates fibril size
Describe Collagen type 2 the collagen molecule found in the hyaline cartilage matrix
Collagen type 2 constitutes the bulk of the collagen fibrils in hyaline cartilage matrix
Describe collagen type 6 one of the collagen molecules found in the hyaline cartilage matrix
Collagen type 6 is found near the periphery of chondrocytes to help attach the cells to the matrix framework.
What is a Proteoglycan monomer?
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are joined to a protein core
What are the components of elastic cartilage
Elastic cartilage has components of hyaline cartilage matrix along with elastic fibers and sheets of elastic material
What distinguishing features does a young chondrocyte have?
Extensive RER, Golgi, and lots of mitochondria. Young chondrocytes actively produce extracellular matrix.
T or False Elastic Cartilage does not have a perichondrium?
False Elastic cartilage does have a perichondrium
T or False Articular cartilage is able to heal very well because it is a vascular tissue
False Poor healing of damaged articular cartilage is due to the avascularity of the tissue.
T or False much like hyaline cartilage the matrix of elastic cartilage will calcify with age?
False unlike the matrix of hyaline cartilage which calicfies with age the matrix of elastic cartilage does not calcify with age
What are the components of fibrocartilage?
Fibrocartilage is a combination of hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissue
Where can fibrocatilage be found? *bonus where can fibroblasts be found?
Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, articular discs of various joints, menisci of knees. *fibroblasts are found in fibrous areas
What type of forces is fibrocartilage resistant to?
Fibrocartilage is very resistant to compression and shearing forces.
What promotes the resilience of hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage is highly hydrated to promote resilience (and to permit diffusion of small molecules) IMPORTANT: 60-80% of the water in cartilage matrix is bound to aggrecan-hyaluronan aggregates!!!!!
What type of cartilage makes up the epiphyseal plates?
Hyaline cartilage makes up epiphyseal plates aka the growth plate
What type of cartilage is important in developing the skeleton of the fetus?
Hyaline cartilage provides a model for developing the skeleton of a fetus
How do hyaluronan molecules form proteoglycan aggregates? And how will these aggregates bind to the collagen matrix?
Hyaluronan molecules are associated with a large number of aggrecan molecules through link proteins to form proteoglycan aggregates. these Proteoglycan aggregates bind the collagen matrix fibrils through electrostatic interactions and multiadhesive glycoprotiens
What is an isogenous group and what type of cartilage has isogenous groups?
Isogenous groups are essentially chondrocytes of hyaline cartilage that are very close together (ie in groups). IMPORTANT: Isogenous groups represent cells that have recently divided!!!!!
Where can elastic cartilage be found?
It is found in the external auditory meatus, the auditory (or Eustachian) tube, epiglottis of the larynx
What are multiadhesive glycoprotiens
Multiadhesive glycoprotiens are nonproteoglycan-linked glycoprotiens that bind proteoglycans aggregates to the collagen matrix fibrils. Multiadhesive glycoprotiens influence the interaction between chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix molecules. BECAUSE OF THIS MULTIADHESIVE GLYCOPROTEINS SERVE AS MARKERS OF CARTILAGE TURNOVER AND DEGRADATION
What stains are used to reveal elastic fibers of elastic cartilage?
ORCEIN or RESORCIN
What is the purpose of hyaline cartilage
Provides a low friction surface, however Capacity to repair itself is limited, but under normal circumstances it shows no evidence of abrasion over a lifetime.
Hyaline cartilage has a glassy appearance, its matrix contain spaces called what? what do these spaces contain?
Spaces, called lacunae, are located throughout the hyaline cartilage matrix. Chondrocytes reside in the lacunae.
What is the Perichondrium
The perichondrium is a dense connective tissue covering found on most cartilage. The perichondrium has an inner cellular layer that gives rise to new cartilage cells and an outer fibrous layer
What are the different kinds of cartilage?
There are 3 kinds of cartilage: - Hyaline cartilage (most abundant) - Elastic cartilage - Fibrocartilage
T or False Articular cartilage contains large amounts of water in the matrix to allow for diffusion for metabolites to and from chondrocytes
True
T or False Articular cartilage does not have a perichondrium?
True
T or False decorin, biglycan, and fibromodulin will bind other molecules instead of forming aggregates and binding the collagen matrix by electrostatic interactions and multiadhesive glycoprotiens
True
T or False there is no perichondrium in FIbrocartilage
True
What are the different types of collagen molecules found in the hyaline cartilage matrix
collagen type 2, 6, 9, 10, and 11. IMPORTANT: Because collagen type 2, 6, 9 , 10 and 11 are found in significant amounts only in the collagen matrix they are referred to as cartilage specific collagen molecules
Describe collagen type 9 one of the collagen molecules found in the hyaline cartilage matrix
collagen type 9 facillitates fibril interaction with the matrix proteoglycans
What are the proteoglycans of the cartilage matrix that do NOT form aggregates
decorin, biglycan, and fibromodulin
What is the purpose of the proteoglycan molecules of the cartilage matrix that do not form aggregates?
decorin, biglycan, and fibromodulin do not form aggregates in the cartilage matrix they bind to other molecules to help stabilize the cartilage matrix
How will proteoglycan aggregates bind collagen matrix fibrils
electrostatic interactions and multiadhesive glycoprotiens
What are the components of hyaline cartilage?
hyaline cartilage contains collagen, proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins
What are the different types of GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans)
hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate
What are tenascin and fibronectin?
tenascin and fibronectin are types of multiadhesive glycoprotiens that serve to help anchor chondrocytes to the matrix
What is the purpose of the epiphyseal plate?
the epiphyseal plate or growth plate serves to elongate bone prior to puberty it is made up of hyaline cartilage