Cell Parts and Functions Table

Cell Membrane (plasma membrane)

"Gatekeeper" Separates the cell from the rest of the environment and helps control what passes in and out of the cell. Semi-permeable: allows some materials to pass through but not all

Mitochondrion

"Power of the cell" breaks down sugar molecules to release energy, site of cellular respiration, double membrane, self-replicating, contains own DNA, cristae

Lysosome

"Stomach of the cell" Helps the cell digest food, waste and worn out cell parts

Vacuole

"Storage Tanks" can hold, water or waste for the cell

Cytoskeleton

Gives support and shape to the cell, made of proteins

Cell Wall

Rigid outer layer made of cellulose that supports and protects the cell (plants, fungi, and bacterial cells)

Golgi Body (Apparatus)

packages the proteins made by the ribosomes so they can be sent out of the cell. The UPS store of the cell

Chloroplast

A special plastid that contains chlorophyll a pigment that captures the sun's energy to produce glucose in a process called photosynthesis

Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)

Controls what passes in and out of the nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough (ER)

Endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance found inside cell that acts as a medium for chemical reactions within the cell

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes and rRNA (stuff ribosomes are made of)

Ribosome

Makes proteins for the cell, can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm

Centriole

Organizes special parts of the cytoskeleton called microtubules for cell division, migrates to opposite ends (poles) of the cell to assist with division

Vesicle

Stores and Transports substances from the Golgi Body to the cell membrane for export. "the UPS truck of the cell"

Nucleus

directs all cell activities "Brain or Control Center of cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth (ER)

does not have ribosomes attached