Cell stuff

In the cell cycle which phase follows S phase, or DNA replication?

G2 phase, or protein synthesis

What is the first step of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis breaks down a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules

Because each sex cell is and genetically unique, it can combine with another sex cell during fertilization to create offspring with genetic variation.

Haploid

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of passive transport and active transport?

In passive transport, certain molecules move through the cell's selectively permeable membrane without the cell using any energy, whereas in active transport, cells use specialized channels or carriers to move molecules across the membrane.

Which of the following outlines the cell cycle in the correct order?

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Which of the following about the plasma membrane is not true?

It contains most of a cell's DNA.

Which of the following is true regarding a mature red blood cell?

It does not have a nucleus at all.

Which of the following distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal and cardiac muscle?

It is nonstriated.

How would you explain why the DNA replication process is called "semiconservative"?

It is semiconservative because half of the original DNA molecule is conserved in each new DNA molecule.

All of the following are ways RNA differs from DNA except

Its structure is completely different from that of DNA.

Of the three types of filaments that form the cytoskeleton, are the thickest.

Microtubules

Which of the following is the most complex and highly organized body system?

Nervous system

Nervous tissue consists of cells called which pass information, and cells that support them, called

Neurons, neuroglia

How would you explain the avascular nature of epithelial tissues to another student who needs clarification on this concept?

No blood vessels cross the basement membrane to enter the tissue, and nutrients must come by diffusion or absorption from underlying tissues or the surface.

Inside the cytoplasm are structures called which perform essential cellular functions.

Organelles

Diffusion of water across a cell's plasma membrane is called

Osmosis.

When the concentration of a substance is higher on one side of the cell's selectively permeable membrane, certain molecules may move by osmosis or diffusion through the membrane without the cell using any energy. This process is called

Passive transport

The information in DNA in the nucleus is used to produce

Proteins

Which step begins the process of transcription?

RNA polymerase opens the double helix of DNA

All of the following are functions of the skin except

Releasing digestive enzymes.

The following are examples of somatic cells, except:

Sex cells

In a hypertonic solution, there is a greater concentration of water inside the cell than outside it. As a result, the cell

Shrinks as water flows out.

Which of the following describes how signals pass through a typical single neuron?

Signals pass from the dendrites through the cell body and down the axon to the axon terminals.

The assembly of the protein's amino acid chain occurs in the and is facilitated by

Cytoplasm, ribosomes

When cells divide and multiply in the embryo and change in shape and structure, the process is called

Differentiation

All of the following explain the role of mitochondria in the cell except

They produce lipids.

All of the following describe the testes except

They use mitosis to produce male sex cells.

During osmosis, if there is a hypotonic solution present around the cell then

This is a greater concentration of water outside the cell than inside it

Which of the following describes the main functions of transcription and translation?

Transcription synthesizes a strand of MRNA that is complementary to the gene of interest, while translation synthesizes a protein. within the ribosome.

DNA's information is encoded into mRNA, whereas in

Transcription, translation

Which of the following statements accurately compares voluntary and involuntary muscle movement?

Voluntary muscle movement is under conscious control, while involuntary muscle movement is not under conscious control.

All of the following occur during the interphase of the cell cycle except cells

Create two daughter cells.

Within the plasma membrane, the heads of the lipids

Are attracted to water

How would you describe mitosis to a peer who isn't familiar with the process?

As the process through which a cell divides the genetic information within its nucleus into two exact sets within independent nuclei

All of the following substances move in and out of cells, except:

Blood

Which of the following is a similarity between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Both transport materials for cellular growth.

The nucleus contains DNA molecules arranged in bundles called

Chromosomes

The MRNA transcript is a complementary copy of the sequence.

DNA

Which of the following is a difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands release secretions directly into the surrounding tissues and fluids, while exocrine glands release secretions through a duct that opens to the external environment.

All of following are parts of the spermatic cord except

Sperm.

All of the following are part of the multistep process through which the body repairs injuries except

The body limits inflammation, so it can easily access the damaged tissue and initiate repair.

What occurs during cytokinesis?

The cytoplasm and cell body are divided into two new cells.

is located in the mitochondrial membrane.

The electron transport chain

Which of the following is a major difference between prophase and telophase?

The loosely packed chromatin coils and condenses into visible chromosomes during prophase, and the chromosomes uncoil to return to loosely packed chromatin during telophase.

All of the following occur when the amino acids of two TRNA molecules are joined, except

The mRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome to be joined to the growing polypeptide

Which of the following functions of epithelial tissues aids in digestion?

The secretion and release of mucus and specific chemical compounds

Which molecule has a sequence that is complementary to the MRNA codon?

The tRNA anticodon