Cell Test

A patient has a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 40 beats/min, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat, and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min. This personʹs cardiac output per minute will be

2,800 mL

The average resting stroke volume of the heart is 70 mL and it beats ~72 times per minute. This would result in which cardiac output?

5 L/minute

If the atrioventricular node could be surgically removed from the heart without disrupting signal transmission to the Purkinje fibers, what would be the effect?

Atria and ventricles would contract at about the same time.

16) A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb. To travel from the artery to the thumb and then back to the left ventricle, this red blood cell must pass through _____. A) one capillary bed B) two capillary beds C) three capillary beds D) four capillary beds

B) two capillary beds

Dialysis patients, who will have blood withdrawn, dialyzed, then replaced, are always weighed when they enter the facility and then weighed carefully again before they leave. What is the most likely explanation for this requirement?

Even small changes in body weight may signify changes in blood volume and therefore blood pressure.

What would be the long-term effect if the lymphatic vessels associated with a capillary bed were to become blocked?

Fluid would accumulate in interstitial areas.

What would be expected if the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of the lungs were to increase significantly?

The amount of oxygen entering the circulation from the lungs would decrease.

A species has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of >260 mm Hg. What is the most probable hypothesis?

The animal has a very long distance between heart and brain.

What is the reason that fluid is forced from the bloodstream to the surrounding tissues at the arteriole end of systemic capillaries?

The hydrostatic pressure of the blood is greater than the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Which of the following is correct for a blood pressure reading of 130/80?

The systolic pressure is 130 and The diastolic pressure is 80.

Why is the velocity of blood flow the lowest in capillaries?

The total surface area of the capillaries is larger than the total surface area of the arterioles.

Organisms in which a circulating body fluid is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the bodyʹs cells are likely to have which of the following?

a closed circulatory system

Diffusion rate is proportional to the square of the distance molecules/ions travel. Which of the following would therefore be preferable for a mid-size multicellular organism?

a system to circulate gases, nutrients, and wastes to and from cells

A blood vessel has the following characteristics: outer layer of connective tissue, a thick layer of smooth muscle with elastic fibers, no valves. It is which of the following?

an artery

Where are semilunar valves to be found in the mammalian heart?

at the places where the anterior and posterior venae cavae enter

Which of the following is used to diagnose hypertension in adults?

blood pressure of >140 mm Hg systolic and/or >90 diastolic

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out. Which of the following does this cause?

creation of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls

Human plasma proteins include which of the following?

fibrinogen and immunoglobulin

Which of the following are the only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart?

fishes

If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then

fluids will tend to accumulate in tissues.

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)

four-chambered heart.

In which animal does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

frog

A nonfunctional sinoatrial node would

have little significant effect on stroke volume.

Which of the following is a function of plasma proteins in humans?

maintenance of blood osmotic pressure

Which of the following is/are a cause(s) of vasoconstriction?

stress or hormone concentration

An anthropologist discovers fossilized animal remains that give strong evidence that the organism had a large, well-formed, most likely 4-chambered heart, with no connection between the right and left sides. Which of the following could most reasonably be hypothesized from this observation?

that the animal had a high energy requirement and was endothermic

Which of the following is measured by an electrocardiogram?

the spread of impulses from the SA node

Which sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or a mammal?

vena cava → right atrium → ventricle → pulmonary circuit

Average blood pressure is lowest in which structure(s)?

venae cavae

Which of the following would be described as a portal system?

vessel or vessels connecting two capillary beds

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans

would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions.