Cellular Respiration

what happens during the process of glycolysis?

glycolysis, 1 molecule of glucose, a 6-carbon compound, is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound

alcohol fermentation

the stage of respiration that occurs in anaerobic conditions in less complex organisms (in the absence of oxygen)

what raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?

glucose and oxygen

how do organisms generate energy when oxygen is not available?

in the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP

what is the function of ATP?

to provide energy for many cellular reactions

after strenuous exercise sore muscles can occur because of?

a buildup of lactic acid in the tissues

cellular respiration

a series of chemical reactions that breaks down sugars and produce energy

yeast has many commercial uses in the production of ______.

bread, fuels, and wine

the exchange of gases between animals and the environment is called

breathing

energy for the cell's use is stored when

ADP and P form ATP

assimilation

cell activities associated with the utilization of food molecules and energy in life proccesses

anaerobic

occurring in the absence of oxygen

aerobic

occurring in the presence of oxygen

where do organisms get energy?

organisms get the energy they need from food

what is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.

glycolysis

process that involves the first step in the chemical breakdown of glucose; converting glucose to pyruvic acid

Krebs cycle

process that involves the second step in the chemical breakdown of glucose; converting pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide

electron transport chain

process that involves the third step in the chemical breakdown of glucose; transferring electrons to form ATP

what are the functions of ATP?

provide the energy for respiration, and provide the energy for all cytoplasmic chemical synthesis

during the Krebs cycle

pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of reactions

which statements apply to glycolysis?

splits a glucose molecule into pyruvic acid, occurs without oxygen present, and occurs in all living things

which statements apply to "food"?

storage medium for energy, and release energy during decomposition

the Krebs cycle is considered a cycle because?

the citric acid formed in the mitochondria for the next acetyl CoA

how does the electron transport chain use high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

the electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP

lactic acid fermentation

the stage of respiration that occurs in anaerobic conditions in animal cells (in the absence of oxygen)

how much much ATP does cellular respiration generate?

together, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain release about 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose

during glycolysis glucose is broken down into...

two pyruvic acid molecules