Cellular Respiration/ Photosynthesis
What are products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvates (pyruvic acid), 2 ATP, 2 NADH
How many molecules of ATP are produced in the entire breakdown of glucose?
36
What is the overall reaction of cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6--->6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)
Name the two main types of fermentation.
Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation
How are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation similar? How are they different?
Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation are both types of fermentation. They both yield two NAD+ milecules that are recycled back to glycolysis. They also both take away a hydrogen molecule from NADH. On the contrary, these two processes yield different products. Lactic acid fermentation yields lactic acid molecules, whereas alcoholic fermentation yields alcohol molecules as well as carbon dioxide molecules.
How does the process of cellular respiration maintain homeostasis at the cellular level?
Cellular respiration allows the cell to rid itself of carbon dioxide and other waste material and generate oxygen and protein.
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What happens during the process of glycolysis?
During glycolysis, 1 molecule of glucose, a 6-carbon compound, is transformed into 2 molecules of pyretic acid, a 3-carbon compound.
What happens during the Krebs cycle?
During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
Glycolysis
First set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
Why do all organisms need food?
Food provides living things with the chemical building blocks they need to grow and reproduce.
How does the body produce ATP during different stages of exercise?
For short, quick bursts of energy, the body uses ATP already in muscles as well as ATP made by lactic acide fermentation.
What happens to pyruvic acid in the Krebs cycle?
It is broken down into carbon dioxide.
How is the chemical energy in glucose similar to money in a savings account?
Just like you put money in a savings account for a later day, your body stores up glucose to utilize the energy when you need it.
Where do organisms get energy?
Organisms get the energy they need from their food.
In what ways are cellular respiration and photosynthesis considered opposite processes?
Photosynthesis "deposits" energy while cellular respiration "withdraws" energy.
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.
How is the cell like a furnace?
The cell is like a furnace because the 64% of energy from each glucose molecule that is not used in cellular respiration is released as heat
How does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.
How does the electron transport chain use high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
Why do macromolecules differ in the amount of energy they contain?
The energy stored in each of these macromolecules varies because their chemical structures, and therefore their energy-storing bonds, differ.
How does the cell use the charge differences that build up across the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular respiration?
The inner mitochondrial membrane contains enzymes known as ATP synthases.
How is the function of NAD+ similar to that of NADP+?
They both can be used to produce even more ATP molecules.
Why do runners breathe heavily after a sprint race?
To recover the ATP that was used up.
How much ATP does cellular respiration generate?
Together, glycolysis, The Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain release about 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
Calorie
a Calorie is the measure of heat energy in food; equivalent to 1000 calories
NAD+
electron carrier involved in glycolysis
How do organisms generate energy when oxygen is not available?
in the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP
matrix
innermost compartment of the mitochondrion
fermentation
process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
Anaerobic
process that does not require oxygen
Cellular Respiration
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic
process that requires oxygen
Krebs cycle
second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions