Cellular Respiration Test
Name the 3 major stages of aerobic respiration
1. Glycolysis, 2. Krebs cycle, 3. Electron transfer phosphorylation
How many molecules of ATP are produced during the final step of aerobic respiration?
32
How many ATP's of energy are made during electron transfer phosphorylation?
32 ATP
How much more ATP does aerobic respiration produce than glycolysis alone?
34
How much ATP does aerobic respiration produce?
36 ATP
What is the main energy currency of a cell?
ATP
Hydrogen ions diffuse from the outer to the inner compartment of the mitochondria through what molecule?
ATP synthase
What type of respiration liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?
Aerobic respiration
What does alcoholic fermentation produce?
Alcoholic fermentation yields the final products of ethanol and 2 ATP
The first forms of life that produced ATP probably used pathways similar to what?
Anaerobic respiration
Which step produces the most ATP molecules?
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
What does yeast fermentation produce?
Ethanol and ATP
When blood glucose levels decrease, what reserves are tapped?
Fat (triglycerides)
Is fermentation anaerobic or aerobic?
Fermentation is anaerobic because no oxygen is used.
During ETP, which ions accumulate in the outer compartment of the mitochondria?
Hydrogen
What happens if there is no oxygen in cells?
If there is no oxygen in cells, the products of glycolysis enter fermentation, pathways that yield no additional ATP.
In glycolysis, what is glucose split into?
In glycolysis, glucose is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvate in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Where is glucose converted into glycogen?
In muscles and the liver
What is the second phase of aerobic respiration?
Krebs cycle
Where is lactic acid fermentation seen?
Lactic acid fermentation is seen in fast twitch muscle fibers
Where does lactic acid fermentation take place during heavy exercise?
Lactid acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells during heavy exercise.
Glucagon prompts what organ to convert glycogen to glucose?
Liver
What are the end products of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Lactate
Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells produce lactate
When do fats enter the Krebs cycle?
When fats are broken down as energy sources, their components enter the Krebs cycle
Yeast carries on what kind of fermentation?
Yeasts carry on alcoholic fermentation.
Is any ATP made in the Krebs cycle? If so, how much?
Yes, 2 ATP
This compound is an intermediate product of alcoholic fermentation, but not lactate fermentation
acetaldehyde
Name 2 types of fermentation
alcoholic and lactate
Which part of aerobic respiration makes the most ATP?
electron transfer phosphorylation
What simple sugar starts glycolysis?
glucose
What is the first phase of the aerobic respiration?
glycolysis
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
mitochondria
Glycogen makes up what percentage of a human's energy reserves?
one
Aerobic respiration requires what gas?
oxygen
How many molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?
two
