CEP 404- Chapter 2 Quiz

When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long?

20 to 30 minutes

The name of the primary evaluation document used in the United States to assess whether a person has a substance-related disorder is called the:

Diagnostic Statistical Manual

The emotional center of the brain that is activated when a person with an addiction sees a person, place, or thing that reminds him of their addiction (e.g., needle, slot machine, white powder) is called the:

amygdala

Pharmacodynamic tolerance includes which of the following? #1. Nerve cells become less sensitive to the effects of the drug. #2. Nerve cells produce an antidote or antagonist to the drug. #3. Nerve cells become more sensitive to the effects of the drug. #4. Less of the drug is needed because the body increases the number of receptor sites in the brain.

effects 1 and 2 only

The most rapid route of administering a drug to reach the brain is intravenously.

false

There are several routes of administering drugs, and some reach the brain faster than others. Which of the following sequences correctly lists routes of administration from fastest to slowest for getting drugs to the brain?

inhaling (smoke), injecting (intravenous), mucous membrane absorption (nasal passage), oral ingestion

Using drugs to replace, supplement, or counterbalance the effects of a person's drug of choice is known as:

polydrug use

Synaptic plasticity in response to psychoactive drugs can result in which of the following? #1. increase in the number of available neurotransmitters #2. decrease in the number of available neurotransmitters #3. increase in the number of receptors and receptor sites #4. the ability of the synapse to change in strength and function when the pathway is overused or underused

results 1, 2, 3, and 4

Which of the following describes changes in the brain of a person who is addicted to alcohol or other drugs? #1. The reward/control circuits of the addiction pathway are hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse. #2. The "go" circuit becomes overactive and drives compulsive substance use. #3. The "stop" circuit does not function properly and is overridden by the "go" switch. #4. Drug cravings hijack survival mechanisms in the old brain and override rational actions of the new brain.

statements 1, 2, 3, and 4

Because the blood-brain barrier is not formed until a child is one to two years of age, a psychoactive substance used by a pregnant woman can be particularly harmful to a developing fetus.

true

Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream.

true

The compulsive gambler's addiction pathway in the brain becomes hijacked similar to the ways the brain becomes rewired from alcohol and other drug addictions.

true

To titrate a drug means to continuously regulate the amount of drug you are receiving.

true

When the body speeds up the metabolism and the breakdown of a drug, it is known as dispositional tolerance.

true

Cross-tolerance is defined as:

when a person develops tolerance to other, similar drugs in the same category (e.g., two or more depressants such as heroin and morphine)

Psychoactive drugs have which of the following effects on the nervous system? #1. alter information sent to the brain from the environment #2. disrupt messages sent from the CNS to parts of the body #3. disrupt thinking #4. alter the way in which neurotransmitters normally function

effects 1, 2, 3, and 4

The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect.

false

There is no such thing as psychological dependence.

false

Tolerance to the mental effects of drugs always develops at the same rate as tolerance to the drug's physical effects.

false

Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a higher concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration.

fasle