CFLM - Chapter 3

. Regular Priests or Friar Curates

They belong to specific religious orders like Dominicans, Jesuits, Augustinians, Franciscans, and Recollects. Only Spanish priests could be regular priests.

7,641

How many islands in the Ph Archipelago?

Garrote

Is an execution technique previously practiced in Spain where a tightened iron collar is used to strangle or break a convicted person's neck. It is said to be the form of execution performed to the three priests.

1. Fr. Gomez - Participated in secularization but no longer active in 1872 and he was already more than 80 years old. 2. Fr. Burgos- Involved in the issue of secularization. 3. Fr. Zamora - Victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of arrest was addressed to a certain Jose Zamora, a known critic of Spanish Government at that time

Issues On the Three Priests

The Importance of 1872, Gomburza Execution

It is considered as the beginning of Filipino Nationalism in the Philippine history because the three priests were innocent yet accepted the brutal punishment for the nation.

Filipino Nationalism.

It is of its essence to know profoundly the past, so that we may be in complete openness with the men who made that history and in intimate communion with their thoughts, their deeds, and their noble lives.

Council of Trent

It was stated that Secular priests should control the parishes relates to deacons and priests who are not monastics or members of a religious institute. But few secular priests are accessible because some of them have been sent to America.

(Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Katipunan).

KKK

The following causes the creation of the Propaganda Movement: 1. Emergence of Middle Class 2. The Liberal Administration of Gov. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada 3. Execution of GOMBURZA 4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos

Major Causes for the Establishment of the Propaganda Movement

Filipino Nationalism.

Nationalism is nourished by a sense of history.

Secularization Movement

The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish friars was one of the effects of Europe's spreading of liberal ideas

1. Regular Priests or Friar Curates 2. Secular Priests or Parish Priests-

There Are Two Types of Priests:

economy education, and parish secularization

These factors led to the Filipino Nationalism's birth(3)

. Secular Priests or Parish Priests

These priests were not religious orders and were under the archbishop's oversight.

Propagandists or Reformists

These were the Filipino reformers who fled the country to escape persecution in 1872. They didn't have the intention of achieving social changes through armed struggle and revolution rather they campaign for reform or change by way of writing. They advocated reform by writing books, pamphlet, and newspapers. They were popularly known as Illustrados (Intellectuals) in Spain, England, and France.

Father Jacinto Zamora

, was also Spanish, born in the Philippines. He was the parish priest of Marikina and was known to be unfriendly to and would not countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior from Spaniards coming from Spain. He once snubbed a Spanish governor who came to visit Marikina.

Father Jose Burgos

, was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He was a parish priest of the Manila Cathedral and had been known to be close to the liberal Governor General de la Torre. He was 35 years old at the time and was active and outspoken in advocating the Filipinization of the clergy. He wrote to defend the seculars and was known to weep like a child.

Francisco Zaldua

A Bicolano soldier who testified against the GOMBURZA

Rafael De Laquierdo (1870-73)

A Governor-General of the Spanish Republic who is an autocratic and oppressive ruler; replaced Gov. Dela Torre. He boasted that he ruled with a crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other. He decides to restore old order and repealed the exemption of the Filipino's from Polo y Servicio (force labor of Filipino men in 1580) and tribute (tax) that the Cavite workers had been enjoying.

WORK ACT- PARTICIPATE RESPECT-STAND PROUD - LOVE.

DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Father Pedro Pelaez (1862) -

Exposes the discrimination of Filipino clergy's and the racial and national conflict with the friars.

a. Pagsasarili (self-reliance) b. Pakikisama (equitable sharing and partnership) c. Pagkabayani (patriotism) d. Pagkakaisa (national unity, national consensus and discipline), e. Pakikitungo (consideration) f. Pakikipagkapwa- Tao (human solidarity based first of all on developing our nation) g. Pagkakapantay - Pantay (equality and equity).

FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES (self-reliance)

"Spanish criollos."

Originally, the word "Filipino" referred to the Philippines

Propaganda

Propaganda refers to the systematic efforts to spread opinion and beliefs by means of pen and tongue; literally means the propagation of a given opinion.

1565

Religious orders took control of the parishes in the Philippines these are the Augustinian, Recollects, Dominican, and Franciscan.

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

Spanish explorer who Legazpi arrived from Mexico and established the first European colonies in Cebu, European colonization started in earnest.

Peninsulars.

Spanish-born Spaniards or Philippine-based continental Spaniards were referred to as?

1. Dr. Jose P. Rizal 2. Graciano Lopez Jaena 3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar

THREE LEADING REFORMISTS IN 19TH CENTURY__

1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain 2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes (legislative branch in Spanish government) 3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino 4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to hold parishes 5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression, and assembly.

The Goals of Propaganda Movement

barangays

The Philippines had been split into various principalities known as ?"

insulars, criollos, or creoles, were also called "Filipinos"

The Spaniards born in the Philippines, more known as?

Creoles

The feeling of domestic awareness originated from the?

Suez Canal

This paved the way for liberalism to enter the nation. Europe brought liberal concepts such as equality, freedom and brotherhood and the establishment of the Spanish Republic; more Spaniards came to our nation and imparted liberal thoughts to the Philippines.

KKK

This was founded on July 7, 1892, same day that news about Rizal's exile to Dapitan. Deodato Arellano was the first President of Katipunero followed by Roman-Basa then by Andres Bonifacio

Father Mariano Gomez,

a Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held the most senior position of the three as Archbishop's Vicar in Cavite. He was truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly as though it were his penance for being pro-Filipinos.

Balangays

as "barangays" in the years before the 11th century, a name originating from Malayan ships called

Mestizos

blended heritage

This Spanish colonization

colonization united the archipelago of the Philippines into one political unit.

Datus, rajahs or sultans

governed these tiny political units (barangays)

Suez Canal

opening shortened the distance between the Philippines and Spain

Katipuneros

refers to the sons of the people, used triangle method to recruit members, where every member should recruit two new members who would only know each other after passing the initiation rites.

The middle class or the "Illustrados"

the educated Filipinos who, by writing essays, articles, novels, or publication in news journal called "La Solidaridad, campaigned for reform in the colony in a peaceful way.