CGS 3303 Midterm

What is a purpose of a management information system?

Computer-based information system that produces standardized reports in a summarized and structured form. Generally used to support middle managers.

Define connectivity and networks

Connectivity is the capability of your personal computer to share information with other computers. A network is a communications system connection two or more computers. The largest network is the Internet.

What is Iot?

Continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet.

what is the purpose of the preliminary investigation phase

First phase of the systems life cycle. It involves defining the problem, suggesting alternative systems, and preparing a short report.

Define Internet security suites

Collection of utility programs designed to make using the Internet easier and safer

List and describe five of the most common uses of the Internet and the web

Communication, Shopping, Searching, Education, Online Entertainment

What is system software? What are the four kinds of system software programs?

"Background" software that enables the application software to interact with the computer. System software consists of the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators

What are the two greatest challenges for e-commerce?

1) developing fast, secure, and reliable payment methods for purchased goods 2) providing convenient ways to submit required information such as mailing addresses and credit card information

name the 6 phases of the systems life cycle

1- preliminary investigation 2- systems analysis 3- systems design 4- systems development 5- systems implementation 6- systems maintenance

Compare hard disk with optical disc technology:How are digital data of 1s and 0s represented by each?How are digital data of 1s and 0s retrieved by each?Do they use tracks and sectors to organize and store files? Any difference?Why cylinders are necessary in hard disks?

1A) In hard disks, digital data is represented by magnetic charges. They save files by altering the magnetic charges of the disk's surface to represent 1s and 0s. In optical disks, they are represented by flat areas called lands and bump areas called pits on the disk surface. The disc is read by an optic al disc drive using a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0. 1B) In hard disks, digital data of 1s and 0s are retrieved data and programs by reading magnetic charges from a magnetic disks. While optical disks use reflected light. 1C) Hard disks and optical disks use tracks and sectors to organize and store files. 1D) Cylinders are necessary to differentiate files stored on the same track and sector of different platters.

monitor resolution standard of UHD 4k should be

3840x2160 pixels

What is UPC? Maxicode? Chip card?

A chip card is a type of credit card that contains an embedded microchip to provide added security. UPC (Universal Product Codes) are a bar code system that identifies the product to the computer, which has a description and the latest price for the product. Maxicode is a code widely used by the United Parcel Service (UPS) and others to automate the process of routing packages, tracking in-transit packages, and locating lost packages.

What are the decimal and binary systems? How are they different?

A decimal system has 10 digits (0-9). The binary system consists of only two digits- 0 and 1. Each 0 or 1 is called a bit, and in the system unit, 1 can be represented by a negative charge and the 0 by no electronic charge.

How is data represented on optical discs?

A laser beam alters the surface of a plastic or metallic disc to represent data.

What is bandwidth? describe 4 categories

A measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel. voiceband - used for landline telephone communication medium band- Bandwidth of special leased lines, used mainly with minicomputers and mainframe computers. broadband - Bandwidth that includes DSL, microwave, satellite, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic channels. It is used for very-high-speed computers. baseband - Bandwidth used to connect individual computers that are located close to one another. Though it supports high-speed transmission, it can only carry a single signal at a time.

What is a pointing device? Describe three pointing devices.

A pointing device is a device that provides an intuitive interface with the system unit by accepting pointing gestures and converting them into machine-readable input. Three of them are touch screen, mouse, and game controller.

What is a scanner? Describe five types of scanning devices.

A scanner, or optical scanner, accepts documents consisting of text and/or images and converts them into machine-readable form. The five types of scanning devices are optical scanners, card readers, bar code readers, RFID readers, and character and mark recognition.

Discuss solid state storage, including solid state drives, flash memory, and USB drives

A secondary storage device that has no moving parts. Data is stored and retrieved electronically directly from these devices, much as they would be from conventional computer memory. SSD - store and retrieve data and infomration much in the same manner as RAM, characters are + or -, they are fast and durable and require little power flash memory- A solid-state storage device widely used in notebook computers. Flash memory also is used in a variety of specialized input devices to capture and transfer data to desktop computers. USB drives - The size of a key chain, these hard drives connect to a computer's USB port enabling a transfer of files.

What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?

A system software is a "background" software that enables the application software to interact with the computer. The kinds of programs included in system software are the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators.

What is a network strategy?

A way of coordinating the sharing of information and resources. The most common network strategies are terminal, peer-to-peer, and client/server networks.

What is a wheel button? Touch pad? Multitouch screen?

A wheel button is a wheel on the mouse that can be rotated to scroll through information displayed on the monitor. A touch pad is used to control the pointer by moving and tapping your finger on the surface of the pad. A multitouch screen can be touched with more than one finger, which allows for interactions such as rotating graphical objects on the screen with your hand or zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.

What are four important characteristics of secondary storage?

Access speed - Measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs. Storage devices - Hardware that reads data and programs from storage media. Most also write to storage media. Capacity - Capacity is how much data a particular storage medium can hold and is another characteristic of secondary storage. Media - Media are the actual physical material that holds the data, such as a hard disk, which is one of the important characteristics of secondary storage. Singular of media is medium.

Define computer communications and connectivity.

Computer communications is the process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers. Connectivity is a concept related to using computer networks to link people and resources,

What are the five basic functions within an organization?

Accounting - The organizational department that records all financial activity from billing customers to paying employees. Marketing - The organizational department that plans, prices, promotes, sells, and distributes an organization's goods and services. Human resources - The organizational department that focuses on the hiring, training, and promoting of people, as well as any number of human-centered activities within the organization. Production - The organizational department that actually creates finished goods and services using raw materials and personnel. Research - The organizational department that identifies, investigates, and develops new products and services.

What is the difference between an analog and a digital signal?

An analog is a continuous signals that vary to represent different tones, pitches, and volume. A digital signal are what the computer recognize. Computers are digital machines because they can only understand 1s and 0s. Before any processing can occur within the system unit, a conversion must occur from what we understand to what the system unit can electronically process.

What is a storage area network system?

An architecture that links remote computer storage devices such as enterprise storage systems to computers so that the devices are available as locally attached drives.

What is Windows? What is the most recent version?

An operating environment extending the capability of DOS. It is the most widely used PC OS. Windows 11 is the most recent, being announced in 2021.

List the most widely used mobile operating systems.

Android and iOS

What are the four considerations for evaluating website content

Authority, Accuracy, Objectivity, Currency

Other than TPS for accounting, describe three TPSs.

Automated teller machines - record cash withdrawals Online registration systems - track student enrollments Supermarket discount cards - track customer purchases

In the BIOS reading, it mentions that BIOS firmware is non-volatile and BIOS is responsible for POST. Based on the same reading, explain what BIOS performs and compare firmware with software. Then, explain why BIOS is non-volatile, and what the POST stands for that BIOS is responsible for.

BIOS instructs the computer on how to perform basic functions like booting and keyboard control. It is also used to identify and configure the hardware in a computer such as the hard drive, CPU, memory, and related equipment. The BIOS software is stored on a small memory chip and is found on the motherboard, it is the first software to run after a computer starts/ The BIOS firmware is non-volatile and its settings are saved and recoverable even after power has been removed from the device. POST stands for Power-on Self Test.

Compare bus, ring, star, tree, and mesh topologies.

Bus network - Each device is connected to a common cable called a bus or backbone, and all communications travel along this bus. Ring network - Network in which each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring. There is no host computer, and messages are passed around the ring until they reach the correct destination. Star network - Network of computers or peripheral devices linked to a central computer through which all communications pass. Control is maintained by polling. The configuration of the computers looks like a star surrounding and connected to the central computer in the middle. Tree network - Also known as a hierarchical network. A topology in which each device is connected to a central node, either directly or through one or more other devices. The central node is then connected to two or more subordinate nodes that in turn are connected to other subordinate nodes, and so forth, forming a treelike structure. Mesh network - A topology requiring each node to have more than one connection to the other nodes so that if a path between two nodes is disrupted, data can be automatically rerouted around the failure using another path. The newest type.

Compare CD, DVD, and BD formats.

CD- Widely used optical disc format. It holds 650 MB (megabytes) to 1 GB (gigabyte) of data on one side of the CD. DVD- A type of optical disc similar to CD-ROMs except that more data can be packed into the same amount of space. See also DVD (digital versatile disc). BD - A type of high-definition disc with a capacity of 25 to 50 gigabytes

Describe and compare the five most common types of personal computers.

Cell phones, tablets, laptops, desktops, and wearables.

What is cellular communication? Wifi? Microwave communication? WiMax?

Cellular communication uses multiple antennae (cell towers) to send and receive data within relatively small geographic regions (Cells) wifi - Wireless standard also known as 802.11, used to connect computers to each other and to the Internet. microwave communication - Communication using high-frequency radio waves that travel in straight lines through the air. wimax - Technology that extends Wi-Fi networks to operate over greater distances.

__________ integrates with web servers to run applications and to perform other traditional operating system functions. It also uses cloud computing and cloud storage to do things.

Chrome OS

What is cloud computing, wireless revolution, IOT

Cloud Computing - Data stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed. Wireless Revolution - A revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology. Internet of Things (IOT) - Continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet.

Define cloud computing. How does this new model for computing benefit users? What are the three basic components of cloud computing? What are the two most critical factors that determine the efficiency of cloud computing?

Cloud computing is data stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed. This new model of computing benefits users because it frees users from owning, maintaining, and storing software and data. These services are accessible anywhere through an Internet connection. The three basic components of cloud computing are clients, the Internet, and service providers. The two most critical factors the determine the efficiency of cloud computing is the speed and reliability of the users access to the Internet and the Internet's capability to provide safe and reliable transmission of data and programs.

what is a system?

Collection of activities and elements designed to accomplish a goal.

Google's Chrome OS and the Android mobile operating system are based on Linux.

True

What are virtual private networks?

Creates a secure private connection between a remote user and an organization's internal network. Special VPN protocols create the equivalent of a dedicated line between a user's home or laptop computer and a company server.

What are the two basic payment options?

Credit card and digital cash

Define data and the 4 common types of files

Data is raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds. Four common: Document files - File created by a word processor to save documents such as letters, research papers, and memos. Worksheet files - Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales. Database files - File containing highly structured and organized data created by database management programs. Presentation files - A file created by presentation software to save presentation materials. For example, a file might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.

Who are data workers? What type of information system is designed to support them?

Data worker - Person involved with the distribution and communication of information, such as administrative assistants and clerks. Office automation systems are designed primarily to support data workers.

What is density? What are tracks, sectors, and cylinders?

Density refers to how tightly the bits (electromagnetic charges) can be packed next to one another on a disk. Sectors are sections shaped like a pie wedge that divides the tracks on a disk. Tracks are closed, concentric rings on a disk on which data is recorded. Each track is divided into sections called sectors. A cylinder runs through each track of a stack of platters. Hard disks store and organize files using tracks, sectors, and cylinders

Describe the five types of personal computers.

Desktop - Computer small enough to fit on top of or along the side of a desk and yet too big to carry around. Laptop - Portable computer, also known as a notebook computer, weighing between 4 and 10 pounds Tablet - A type of personal computer that contains a thin system unit, most of which is the monitor. Smartphone - A type of cell phone that offers a variety of advanced functionality, including Internet and e-mail. most widely used personal computer. Wearable - A type of mobile computer such as Apple's Watch that contains an embedded computer chip. Also known as a smartwatch.

Describe two capturing devices.

Digital cameras - captures images digitally and stores the images on a memory card or in the camera's memory. Webcams - specialized digital video cameras that capture images and send them to a computer for broadcast over the Internet.

Optical disc most common on today's personal computers.

Digital versatile discs (DCDs)

List and describe four ways to improve the performance of hard disks

Disk caching - Improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. Hybrid drives - Uses both SSD and hard disks to gain the speed and power benefits of SSD while still having the low cost and large capacity of hard drives. Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) - expands external storage, improving access speed and providing reliable storage File compression/decompression - increase storage capacity by reducing the amount of space required to store data and programs.

Compare EBCDIC, ASCII, and Unicode.

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)- Binary coding scheme that is a standard for minicomputers and mainframe computers. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - Binary coding scheme widely used on all computers, including personal computers. Eight bits form each byte, and each byte represents one character. Unicode - A 16-bit code designed to support international languages, like Chinese and Japanese.

What is electronic commerce? B2C? C2C? B2B?

Electronic commerce- buying and selling goods over the internet B2C - business to consumer, the sale of a product to the general public C2C - consumer to consumer, individuals selling to individuals B2B- business to business, sale of a product from one business to another one

Describe each of the three categories of operating systems.

Embedded operating system - An operating system that is completely stored within the ROM (read-only memory) of the device that it is in; used for handheld computers and smaller devices like PDAs. Also known as a real-time operating system (RTOS). Stand-alone operating system - Also called desktop operating system; a type of operating system that controls a single desktop or notebook computer. Network operating system - Interactive software between applications and computers coordinating and directing activities between computers on a network. This operating system is located on one of the connected computers' hard disks, making that system the network server.

What is a mobile operating system

Embedded operating system that controls a smartphone.

What is an information worker?

Employee who creates, distributes, and communicates information.

What are expert systems? What is a knowledge base?

Expert systems - a type opf artificial intelligence that usees a database to provide assistance to others Knowledge base - contains facts and rules to relate these facts distilled from a human expert

What can be done to minimize eyestrain, headache, back pain, and neck pain?

Eyestrain and headache- take a 15 min break evert hour or two Back and neck- equipment should be adjustable for your height and angle

The most widely used desktop operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux. UNIX runs on minicomputers in network environments and cannot run in personal computers, so it is not considered as a desktop operating system.

False

What are file transfer utilities? Downloading? Uploading? Web based file transfer services? FTP? SFTP?

File transfer utilities allow you to copy files to your computer from specially configured servers (downloading) or to another computer on the internet (uploading) Web bassed file transfer services is a type of file transfer service that uses a web browser to upload and download files FTP is an internet service for uploading and downloading files SFTP allow you to efficiently copy files to and from your computer across the Internet

What is a firewall? What is a proxy server?

Firewall - a Security hardware and software. All communications into and out of an organization pass through a special security computer, called a proxy server, to protect all systems against external threats. Proxy Server - Computer that acts as a gateway or checkpoint in an organization's firewall.

What are flash memory cards? What are USB flash drives? What are they used for?

Flash memory cards are small solid-state storage devices widely used in portable devices. They are commonly used with digital cameras and cell phones to expand their internal storage. USB flash drives are compact and are small SSDs that connect directly to a computer's USB port to transfer files.

What is the purpose of a decision support system?

Flexible analysis tool that helps managers make decisions about unstructured problems, such as effects of events and trends outside the organization.

Define and compare general purpose applications, specialized applications, and mobile apps.

General purpose applications are widely used in nearly all careers. They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered an efficient and effective end user. Examples are word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software. Specialized applications are programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Mobile apps are small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and for tablets.

Describe what Google Nest is with three representative products of your selection (which may need a little out-of-book research). Also, describe what Nest Aware (not included in the textbook) is and how does it charge (i.e., the fee).

Google Nest is a line of smart home products developed by Google. Three representative products of Google Nest include: smart speakers, smoke detectors, and thermostats. Nest Aware is a paid subscription service where one can use with their Nest products to help keep them informed about important events in their home. Nest Aware charges its users through a subscription that renews every month or year automatically to ones saved payment method.

What are HTML, a web page, a hyperlink, JavaScript, PHP, and CSS

HTML - programming language that creates document files used to display web pages Web page - browsers interpret HTML documents to display web pages Hyperlink - connection or link to other documents or web pages that contain related information Javascript- a scripting language that adds basic interactivity to web pages PHP - a language often used within HTML documents to improve a websites interactivity CSS - files inserted into an HTML document that control the appearance of web pages (layout, color, font)

Discuss hard disks, including density, platters, tracks, sectors, cylinders, internal, external, and performance enhancements

Har disk drives rotate and hva eread/write heads that move in and out. They save files by altering the magnetic charges of the disk's durface to represent 1s and 0s. density- how tightly these charges can be packed next to one another on the disk platters- Rigid metallic disk; multiple platters are stacked one on top of another within a hard-disk drive. tracks - Closed, concentric ring on a disk on which data is recorded. Each track is divided into sections called sectors. sectors - Section shaped like a pie wedge that divides the tracks on a disk. cylinders - A cylinder runs through each track of a stack of platters. Cylinders differentiate files stored on the same track and sector of different platters. internal - Storage device consisting of one or more metallic platters sealed inside a container. Internal hard disks are installed inside the system cabinet of a personal computer. It stores the operating system and major applications like Word external - Uses the same technology as an internal hard disk but is used primarily to complement an internal hard disk by providing additional storage. It is typically connected to a USB or FireWire port on the system unit and is easily removed. There are 4 ways to improve the performance od hard disks: disk caching, hybrid drives, redundant arrays of inexpensive disks, and file compression/decompression

What is hybrid drives and how are they used?

Hybrid drives are storage drives that contain both SSD's and hard disks in an attempt to gain the speed and power benefits of SSDs while still having the low cost and large capacity of hard drives. Systems that use hybrid drives use SSD to store the OS and apps while the hard disks store videos, music, and documents.

How is Internet of Things (IoT) defined in Chapter 1? How does AWS of Amazon define it? What are the four systems in use today are listed as IoT examples by AWS? The latter two questions require to search on AWS web pages of Amazon.

IOT is the continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet. AWS IoT provides the cloud services that connect your IoT devices to other devices and AWS cloud services. The four systems in use today include cloud services, communications, devices, and interfaces.

What is the function of an ISP, a browser, a mobile browser, and a desktop browser

ISP - provides access to Internet (comcast, sprint, att) Browser- special internet software connecting you to remote computers Mobile browser- special browsers designed to run on portable devices Desktop browser- browser designed for laptop and desktop computer

In addition to ASCII (either 7-bit or 8-bit version), there are two other character encoding schemes introduced in Chapter 5. What are they? Why or who use these two encodings?

In addition to ASCII, the two other character encoding schemes are EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) and Unicode. EBCDIC is a standard for minicomputers and mainframe computers. Unicode, UTF-16 or UTF-8, is the most widely used character encoding system and is recognized by virtually every computer system.

what is a connection service? compare the 5 high speed connection services

Includes cellular, DSL, cable, and satellite services cellular service providers - Supports voice and data transmission to wireless devices. DSL - Digital subscriber lines, Service provided by telephone companies using existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections. cable service - Service provided by cable television companies using existing television cables fiber optic service - An Internet connection service that is not yet widely available. Current providers of FiOS include Google and Verizon with speeds faster than cable or DSL connections. satellite connection services - Connection services that use satellites and the air to download or send data to users at a rate seven times faster than dial-up connections.

What are SD cards? How are they used?

Type of expansion card designed for laptops, tablets, and smartphones. they are plugged into expansion slots located within many cell phones, tablets, and laptops

What is input? What are input devices?

Input is any data or instruction entered into a computer. Input devices are pieces of equipment that translate data into a form that a computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse.

What is a program?

Instructions for the computer to follow to process data.

What are the three types of drives? Briefly describe each.

Internal Hard Disks - Storage device consisting of one or more metallic platters sealed inside a container. Internal hard disks are installed inside the system cabinet of a personal computer. It stores the operating system and major applications like Word. Network Drives - Storage device attached to a network that can be accessed by other nodes of the network. External Hard Disks - Uses the same technology as an internal hard disk but is used primarily to complement an internal hard disk by providing additional storage. It is typically connected to a USB or FireWire port on the system unit and is easily removed.

What is the difference between the Internet and the web

Internet- launched in 1969 as ARPANET Web- launched in 1991 as World Wide Web

What are Internet technologies? Compare intranets and extranets,

Intranet - a private network within an organization that resembles the Internet. Extranet - a private network that connects more than one network/organization.

Which of the following about system software is not only correct but the best answer

It controls how commands of a word processing program are converted so that the system unit can process them. It controls where a word processing program is stores in memory. It controls where a completed document or file of a word processing program is saved.

Describe four game controllers.

Joystick: Popular input device for computer games. You control game actions by varying the pressure, speed, and direction of the joystick. Gaming mice: A game controller that provides greater precision, faster response, programming buttons, and better ergonomics than a traditional mouse. Gamepads: An input device designed to be held by two hands and provide a wide array of inputs, including motion, turning, stopping, and firing. Motion-sensing device: An input device that controls games with user movements.

Who are knowledge workers? What type of information system is designed to support them?

Knowledge workers - Person involved in the creation of information, such as an engineer or a scientist. Knowledge work systems (KWSs) are designed to support them.

This reading device is used in banks to read the numbers on the bottom of checks and deposit slips.

MICR

Describe three common character and mark recognition devices.

Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR): Direct-entry scanning devices used in banks. This technology is used to automatically read the numbers on the bottom of checks. Optical-character recognition (OCR): Scanning device that uses special preprinted characters, such as those printed on utility bills, that can be read by a light source and changed into machine-readable code. Optical-mark recognition (OMR): Device that senses the presence or absence of a mark, such as a pencil mark. As an example, an OMR device is used to score multiple-choice tests.

What is a management information system? Decision support system? How are they different?

Management information system - Computer-based information system that produces standardized reports in a summarized and structured form. Generally used to support middle managers. Decision support system - Flexible analysis tool that helps managers make decisions about unstructured problems, such as effects of events and trends outside the organization.

Define mass storage and mass storage devices.

Mass storage - Refers to the tremendous amount of secondary storage required by large organizations. Devices - specialized high-capacity secondary storage devices designed to meet organizational demands for data storage. Devices such as file servers, RAID systems, tape libraries, optical jukeboxes, and more.

What is memory? Name and describe three types.

Memory is contained on chips connected to the system board and is a holding area for data instructions and information (processed data waiting to be output to secondary storage). RAM, ROM, and CMOS are three types of memory chips.

RFID

Microchip that contains electronically stored information and can be embedded in items such as consumer products, driver's licenses, passports, etc.

what is the function of an NIC and NOS

NIC - Used to connect a computer to one or more computers forming a communication network whereby users can share data, programs, and hardware. NOS - Interactive software between applications and computers coordinating and directing activities between computers on a network. This operating system is located on one of the connected computers' hard disks, making that system the network server.

Mass storage device widely used for home and small business storage.

Network attached storage

what is a LAN? network gateway, ethernet, home network

Network consisting of computers and other devices that are physically near each other, such as within the same building. network gateway - Connection by which a local area network may be linked to other local area networks or to larger networks. ethernet- The Ethernet bus is the pathway or arterial to which all nodes (PCs, file servers, print servers, web servers, etc.) are connected. All of this is connected to a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) home network - LAN network for homes allowing different computers to share resources, including a common Internet connection.

What is an operating system? Discuss operating system functions and features.

Operating is a collection of programs that handle many of the technical details related to using a computer. Functions are managing resources, providing a user interface, and running applications. Some important features to most operating systems are icons, pointer, windows, menus, tabs, dialog boxes, help, and gesture control.

What is macOS? What are macOS 12 Monterey?

Operating system designed for Macintosh computers. It is the most widely used Mac desktop operating system. macOS 12 Monterey was announced in 2021, includes the ability to control multiple devices from one keyboard and mouse, improved videoconferencing tools, and ways to customize notifications to reduce distractions.

Describe two types of system software programs.

Operating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications. Utilities perform tasks related to managing computer resources.

How are image-capturing devices different from an optical scanners?

Optical scanners can make a copy from an original. Image capturing devices create or capture original images.

Compare client/server and peer-to-peer strategies.

P2P - Network in which nodes can act as both servers and clients. For example, one personal computer can obtain files located on another personal computer and also can provide files to other personal computers. Client/server - Network in which one powerful computer coordinates and supplies services to all other nodes on the network. Server nodes coordinate and supply specialized services, and client nodes request the services.

what is a PAN? MAN? WAN?

PAN - A type of wireless network that works within a very small area—your immediate surroundings. MAN - These networks are used as links between office buildings in a city. WAN - Countrywide and worldwide networks that use microwave relays and satellites to reach users over long distances.

What is the system unit?

Part of a personal computer that contains the CPU. Also known as the system cabinet or chassis, it is the container that houses most of the electronic components that make up the computer system.

Which part of an information system is the most important?

People

Describe the three common categories of MIS reports.

Periodic reports - Report for a specific time period as to the health of the company or a particular department of the company. Exception reports - Report that calls attention to unusual events. Demand report - A demand report is produced on request. An example is a report on the numbers and types of jobs held by women and minorities done at the request of the government. The opposite of a periodic report.

what is the goal pf the implementation phase

Phase five of the systems life cycle is converting the old system to the new one and training people to use the new system. Also known as conversion.

wat is the purpose of the development phase

Phase four of the systems life cycle, consisting of developing software, acquiring hardware, and testing the new system.

what is the purpose of the maintenance phase

Phase six of the systems life cycle, consisting of a systems audit and periodic evaluation.

what is the purpose of the design phase

Phase three of the systems life cycle, consisting of designing alternative systems, selecting the best system, and writing a systems design report.

Compare primary storage and secondary storage and discuss the most important characteristics of secondary storage

Primary - RAM, Holds data and program instructions for processing data. It also holds processed information before it is output Secondary - Permanent storage used to preserve programs and data that can be retained after the computer is turned off. These devices include hard disks, magnetic tape, CDs, DVDs, and more.

What is the difference between primary storage and secondary storage?

Primary storage holds data and program instructions for processing data. It also holds processed information before it is output. This is temporary storage. Secondary storage provides permanent or nonvolatile storage with far larger capacity than RAM.

Compare ROM, R, and RW discs.

ROM - The user cannot change the contents of such chips. The CPU can read or retrieve the programs on the chips but cannot write or change information. ROM stores programs that boot the computer, for example. Also called firmware. R - Optical disc format that allows a disc to be written on once. Also known as write-once disc. RW - Optical disc format that allows a disc to be written to multiple times

what is rsi? what is carpal tunnel?

RSI - Any injury that is caused by fast, repetitive work that can generate neck, wrist, hand, and arm pain. Carpal - A repetitive strain injury consisting of damage to the nerves and tendons in the hands.

what is a systems analysis report

Report prepared for higher management describing the current information system, the requirements for a new system, and a possible development schedule.

What are predetermined reports?

Reports that follow a predetermined format and always show the same kinds of content.

what are protocols? what is the standard protocol for the internet?

Rules for exchanging data between computers TCP/IP

When Solid-state drives (SSDs) is introduced in the textbook, it is compared to hard disks in several ways. Based on these comparison, what are the main advantages and disadvantages of using SSDs?

SSD's have no moving parts. However, the downside is that hard-disk drives that do have moving parts provide larger-capacity storage than SSDs. Another advantage is that SSD's do not use inexpensive technology making it more durable and faster than hard disks. SSD's also require little power.

Similar to internal hard-disk drives except they use solid-state memory.

SSDs

What are solid state drives? What are they used for?

SSDs are designed to be connected inside a microcomputer system the same way an internal hard disk would be but contains solid-state memory instead of magnetic disks to store data. They are fast and durable and require little power, which make them popular for cell phones, tablets, and laptops.

What are web utilities? what are filters used for?

Web utilities- specialized utility programs making the internet and the web easier and safer Filters are used to block access to selected sites

Describe the six activities of a TPS for accounting.

Sales order processing - Activity that records the demands of customers for a company's products or services. Accounts receivable - The activity that shows what money has been received or is owed by customers. Inventory - Material or products that a company has in stock. Accounts payable - The activity that shows the money a company owes to its suppliers for the materials and services it has received. Payroll - Activity concerned with calculating employee paychecks. General ledger - Activity that produces income statements and balance sheets based on all transactions of a company.

What are search services, spiders, and search engines?

Search service- organization that maintains databases relating to information provided on the Internet and also proves search engines to locate information Spiders- special program that continually looks for new information and updates a search servers databases search engines - specialized programs assisting in locating information on the web and the internet

Describe the four elements of every communication system.

Sending and receiving devices - Often a computer, they originate and receive messages in the form of data, info, or instructions. Connection devices - These devices act as an interface between the sending and receiving devices and the communication channel, Data transmission specifications - These are rules and procedures that coordinate the sending and receiving devices by precisely defining how the message will be sent across the communication channel. Communication channel - This is the actual connection or transmission medium that carries the message.

To encode 70 different characters in binary form, what's the minimal number of total bits required? With your answer, when all 70 characters are encoded, how many more could be encoded if we want to maximize this encoding capacity?

Seven is the minimal number of total bits required. Fifty eight more characters could be encoded.

What is an executive support system? Who uses it? What is it used for?

Sophisticated software that can draw together data from an organization's databases in meaningful patterns and highly summarized forms. Top level managers use it to oversee the company's operations and develop strategic plans.

What are the two most widely used audio output devices? what is bluetooth?

Speakers and headphones bluetooth - A wireless technology that allows nearby devices to communicate without the connection of cables or telephone systems.

Identify three basic types of decision models.

Strategic models - A decision model that assists top managers in long-range planning, such as stating company objectives or planning plant locations. Tactical models - A decision model that assists middle-level managers to control the work of the organization, such as financial planning and sales promotion planning. Operational models - A decision model that helps lower-level managers accomplish the organization's day-to-day activities, such as evaluating and maintaining quality control.

What are the four types of computers?

Supercomputers - Most powerful; Fastest calculating device ever invented, processing billions of program instructions per second. Used by NASA. Mainframe - This computer can process several million program instructions per second. Sizable organizations rely on these room-size systems to handle large programs and a great deal of data. Midrange - Refrigerator-sized machines falling in between personal computers and mainframes in processing speed and data-storing capacity. Medium-sized companies or departments of large companies use midrange computers. PC - Small, low-cost computer designed for individual users. These include desktop computers, laptops, and mobile devices. These are the most common and fastest growing type of computer

What are the three levels of management? Discuss each level.

Supervisor - Manager responsible for managing and monitoring workers. Supervisors have responsibility for operational matters. Middle-level management - Middle-level managers deal with control and planning. They implement the long-term goals of the organization. Top-level management - Top-level managers are concerned with long-range (strategic) planning. They supervise middle management.

Describe the two major kinds of software

System Software enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. Application Software can perform useful work, such as word processing, cost estimating, or accounting tasks. The user primarily interacts with application software.

What is the purpose of a transaction processing system?

System that records day-to-day transactions, such as customer orders, bills, inventory levels, and production output. The TPS tracks operations and creates databases.

What is a transaction processing system? How does it help supervisors?

System that records day-to-day transactions, such as customer orders, bills, inventory levels, and production output. The TPS tracks operations and creates databases. It helps supervisors by generating databases that act as the foundation for other information systems.

Describe the four basic categories of person computer hardware.

System unit - a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system. Two important components are microprocessors and memory. Memory - contained on chips connected to the system board and is a holding area for data instructions and information. RAM, ROM, and CMOS are three types of memory chips. RAM holds the program and data that are currently being processed. Input/output - Input devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process (keyboard, mouse). Output devices translate the processed information form the computer into a form that humans can understand (display/monitor). Secondary storage - Permanent storage used to preserve programs and data that can be retained after the computer is turned off. These devices include hard disks, magnetic tape, CDs, DVDs, and more.

Describe the four types of information systems.

TPS - Tracks routine operations and records events in databases; also known as data processing systems MIS - Produces standardized reports using databases created by TPS DSS - Analyzes unanticipated situations using data and decision models ESS - Presents summary info in a flexible graphical format designed for top execs

Describe how the Internet and the web started. What are the 4 web generations

Web 1.0 - links existing information (search engines) Web 2.0 - creates dynamic content and social interaction, social media Web 3.0 - identifies relationships and data (fitbit, health apps) Web 4.0 - creates content from data from mobile devices Web 5.0- identifies and responds to human emotion

Given a a computer's processor data below, how many cycles per second can this processor execute? Compared with another processor with 3.2 GHz clock speed, what is the cycle length (in picoseconds) of each processor? Which one takes longer time to execute one cycle of instruction or operations?

The 2.60 GHz processor can execute 2.6 billion cycles per second and has 384.615 picoseconds. Compared to the 3.2 GHz processor, it has 312.5 picoseconds. The 2.6 GHz takes longer to execute one cycle of instruction or operations.

Explain why Apple's Health App is a Web 3.0 application.

The Apple's Health App is a Web 3.0 application because it can access your Fitbit data, combine it with other related health data, analyze the data, and report it back to your cell phone. These reports provide information about ones health.

Among hard disks, RAM, and solid-state storage, which contains read/write moving heads? Which is volatile? Which saves data and information electronically? Which requires more power than the other two?

The RAM is volatile. The solid-state storage stores and retrieves data electronically. The hard disk require more power than the other two and also contain read/write moving heads

What are communication channels? List three physical connections

The actual connecting medium that carries the message between sending and receiving devices. This medium can be a physical wire, cable, or wireless connection. Physical connections fiber-optic, coaxial, twisted-pair

What are the four basic categories of physical equipment or hardware of a personal computer system?

The four basic categories of the hardware of a personal computer system are the system unit, input/output devices, secondary storage, and communication devices.

If each cell of a 2D code of 4.1 is allowed to be filled in with white or black or red ink as shown below, then, what's your answer for 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3?

The maximal number of customers the system can identify is 81. A 3x3 2D square coding with three colors per cell allows 3^9 = 19,683 IDs to be generated, which is sufficient to handle 800 customers. So, the minimal number of cells of each side each 2D code has is 3. 19,683 - 800 = 18,883 IDs will be wasted.

If the total customers is exactly 800, then, based on your answer of 4.2, how many IDs can be generated but not assigned to a customer?

The number of IDs that can be generated but not assigned to a customer is 64,736.

Use the posted BIOS reading material to find what the other two methods that can secure BIOS in addition to using a password. Briefly describe each method.

The other two methods that can secure BIOS in addition to using a password is Full-disk encryption (FDE) and Trusted Platform Module (TPM). FDE turns information in a storage medium into secret format that can only be understood by people or systems. TPM is a type of technology that provides hardware-based, security-related functions. https://www.trentonsystems.com/blog/what-is-bios https://www.trentonsystems.com/blog/how-to-secure-your-bios

What is the difference between data and information?

The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called "data." Processed data yields information.

What are the six parts of an information system defined in Chapter 1? Write their names only. Which part is the most important part?

The six parts of an information system include: People, Procedures, Software, Hardware, Data and Internet. The most important part of an information system are the people.

What is a network topology?

The structure of a computer network.

What is ergonomics? How does it relate to input and output devices?

The study of human factors related to things people use. Computer users and manufacturers are an example, this means designing input and output devices to increase ease of use and to avoid health risks.

Find the three technologies that are driving the mobile Internet.

The three technologies that drive the mobile internet include cloud computing, wireless revolution, and the Internet of Things (IOT).

What are the two basic components every microprocessor contains? What functions does each perform?

The two basic components every microprocessor contains are the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit. The control unit tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a programs instructions. The arithmetic-logic unit performs two types of operations arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and logical (comparisons such as =, <, >).

What is the wireless revolution?

The wireless revolution is the ever-growing innovation of wireless technology that allows individuals to stay connected with one another from almost anywhere at any time. Examples include cell phones and laptops.

If each 2D code is defined by 2x2 cells, each cell can be filled in with either white or black ink as shown below, then, what's the maximal number of customers the system can identify?

There are 16 possible patterns.

How is an ESS similar to and different from an MIS or a DSS?

They are similar because they are designed to support decision making in an organization. They differ in terms of their target users, the scope of the info they provide, and the types of decisions they support.

Storage Area Network (SAN) is a mass storage network that links various types of remote storage devices. The textbook says "In a SAN system, the user's computer provides the file system for storing data, but the SAN provides the disk space for data." What does this mean? Describe in details. You may reference external materials with citations to answer this question.

This quote means that SAN is a storage system that stores files from more than one computer. Users who use SAN have the ability to access, read, and write the files through the system. These files are installed within SAN but are not installed on their personal computers.

what is the purpose of the analysis phase -

This second phase of the systems life cycle determines the requirements for a new system. Data is collected about the present system and analyzed, and new requirements are determined.

What are toggle keys? What are combination keys?

Toggle keys are keys that turn a feature on or off, like the Caps Lock key. A Combination key performs an action when held down in combination with another key, such as the Ctrl key.

What is UNIX? What is Linux? What is Chrome OS?

UNIX is an operating system originally developed for midrange computers. It is now important because it can run on many of the more powerful personal computers. Linux is a type of UNIX operating system initially developed by Linus Torvalds, it is one of the most popular and powerful alternatives to the Windows operating system. Chrome OS is an operating system designed by Google for netbook computers and Internet connectivity through cloud computing.

What are a URL, a protocol, a domain name, and a web suffix

URL - location or address of the resources that connect you to resources on the web Protocol - rules for exchanging data between computers Domain name - second part of the URL (i.e. www.mtv.com) Web suffix - identifies type of organization in a URL (.com, .net)

Describe four standard ports and three specialized ports.

USB ports - These ports have replaced serial and parallel ports. They are faster, and one USB port can be used to connect several devices to the system unit. (USBA USBB USBC HDMI - Port that provides high-definition video and audio, making it possible to use a computer as a video jukebox or an HD video recorder. Ethernet - high-speed networking port that allows multiple computers to be connected for sharing files or for high-speed Internet access.

What are UTF-16 and UTF-8? Which is newer? Which is more efficient and why?

UTF-16 and UTF-8 are two different standards that Unicode is written in. UTF-16 is the older standard, and each character is a minimum of 16 bits. The newer standard is UTF-8 and can have characters as small as 8 bits, which makes it the more efficient standard.

What is an ultrabook? What is an all-in-one? What is a tower unit? What is a mini tablet?

Ultrabook - lighter thinner and longer battery life than most laptops All in one- desktop that has monitor and system unit housed together in the same case tower unit- desktop system unit placed vertically mini tablet - a type of tablet with a smaller screen

Describe the four parts of a DSS.

User - Any individual who uses a computer. System software - "Background" software that enables the application software to interact with the computer. Data - Raw, unprocessed facts that are input to a computer system that will give compiled information when the computer processes those facts. Decision model - The decision model gives the decision support system its analytical capabilities. There are three types of models included in the decision model: tactical, operational, and strategic.

discusss how fitbit and apples health app are examples of using IOT

Uses everyday object (watch) to connect and use the internet to gather data about the users body and report it back to them via their cellphone

What is an enterprise storage system?

Using mass storage devices, a strategy designed for organizations to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks within their organizations.

What are intrusion detection systems?

Using sophisticated statistical techniques to analyze all incoming and outgoing network traffic, this system works with firewalls to protect an organization's network.

What are utility programs? Discuss six essential utilities.

Utility programs, also known as service programs, perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources or files. - An antivirus program is a utility program that guards a computer system from viruses or other damaging programs. - A troubleshooting program or diagnostic program is a utility program that recognizes and corrects computer-related problems before they become serious. Also called diagnostic program. - A Virtual assistant is a utility that accepts commands through text or speech to allow intuitive interaction with your computer, cell phone, or tablet and coordinates personal data across multiple applications. - Backup program is a utility program that helps protect you from the effects of a disk failure by making a copy of selected or all files that have been saved onto a disk. - Search program is a utility that provides a quick and easy way to search or examine an entire computer system to find specific applications, data, or other files. - Storage management program is a utility program designed to solve the problem of running out of storage space by providing lists of application programs, stored videos, and other program files so that unused applications or archived large files can be moved or eliminated.

What is the difference between a utility and a utility suite?

Utility suites combine several programs into one package to improve system performance. Examples are Bitdefender and Norton. A utility is a specialized program that is designed to make computing easier.

What are virtual assistants? What is Cortana? What is Siri?

Virtual assistants are utilities that accept commands through text or speech to allow intuitive interaction with your computer, cell phone, or tablet and coordinate personal data across multiple applications. Cortana is Microsoft's virtual assistant. Siri is Apple's virtual assistant.

List and compare the three categories of keyboards.

Virtual keyboard - Displays an image of a keyboard on a touch-screen device. The screen functions as the actual input device, which is why the keyboard is considered virtual. Laptop keyboard - Attached to the laptop system unit and designed to fold up with the laptop monitor Traditional keyboard - Full-sized, rigid, rectangular keyboard that includes function, navigational, and numeric keys.

What is virtualization? Virtual machines? Host and guest operating systems?

Virtualization is a process that allows a single physical computer to support multiple operating systems that operate independently. Virtual machines are a software implementation of a computer that executes programs like a physical computer. Host is the operating system that runs on the physical machine. Guest is the operating system that operates on virtual machines.

What are voice recognition systems? Siri? Cortana? Google Assistant?

Voice recognition systems use a microphone, sound card, and specialty software so that the user can operate a computer and create documents using voice commands. Apple comes with Siri, Windows devices come with Cortana, and Android devices come with Google Assistant.

If the above visual code is re-designed and changed from 2D to one-dimensional as shown below, then, what's the minimal number of total cells needed by each such ID for 800 customers?

We need at least 10 digits to represent each ID.

What does the 'word' mean to a microprocessor chip? What's the word size of Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 Plus 5G microprocessor? How about Apple A14 Bionic chip?

Word is the number of bits that can be accessed at one time by the CPU. The Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 Plus 5G microprocessor is 64 bits. The Apple A14 Bionic Chip is also 64-bit.

What does it mean to write to secondary storage? What does it mean to read from secondary storage?

Writing is the process of saving information to secondary storage. Reading is the process of accessing information from secondary storage.

what is a network administrator

a computer specialist responsible for efficient network operaions and implementation of new network

name the 2 parts of the maintenance phase

a systems audit and a periodic evalutation

What is the purpose of an executive support system?

an ESS consist of sophisticated software that summarize, present, and analyze data from an organization's databases. It is so that top executives with little spare time can obtain essential information without extensive training.

The monitor should be at eye level or slightly below eye level. This is one of expert recommendations to particular avoid physical discomfort of

back and neck pain.

What is a bus, and what is bus width.

bus - connects the parts of the CPU to eachother bus width - the number of bits that can travel simultaneously down a bus

What are cache memory, DIMM, and virtual memory?

cache memory- improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and the cpu DIMM - An expansion module used to add memory to the system board. virtual memory - Feature of an operating system that increases the amount of memory available to run programs. With large programs, parts are stored on a secondary device like your hard disk. Then each part is read in RAM only when needed.

What are chips? How are chips attached to the system board?

chips consist of tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of sandlike material called silicone. they are mounted onto chip carriers that are directly plugged int slots or cards on system board

define these monitor feature: clarity, resolution, dot pitch, contrast ratios, size, and aspect ratio

clarity - Indicated by the resolution, or number of pixels, on a monitor. The greater the resolution, the better the clarity. resolution - A measurement reflecting the quality of an image dot pitch - Distance between each pixel. The lower the dot pitch, the shorter the distance between pixels and the higher the clarity of images produced. contrast ratios - Indicates a monitor's ability to display colors. It compares the light intensity of the brightest white to the darkest black. size - aspect ratio - The width of a monitor divided by its height. Common aspect ratios for monitors are 4:3 (standard) and 16:9 (wide screen).

Another name for online storage is

cloud

discuss cloud, thermal, and plotter printers

cloud - A printer connected to the Internet that provides printing services to others on the Internet thermal - Printer that uses heat elements to produce images on heat-sensitive paper. plotter - Special-purpose output device for producing bar charts, maps, architectural drawings, and three-dimensional illustrations.

Discuss cloud computing and cloud storage

cloud computing - Data stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed cloud/online storage - Provides users with storage space that can be accessed from a website

what is a computer networks? nodes, clients, servers, directory servers, hosts, routers, and switches

computer network - Communications system connecting two or more computers and their peripheral devices to exchange information and share resources. node- any device that is connected to a network client- a node that requests and uses resources availbale from other nodes server- a node that shares resources with other nodes directory server - a specialized server that manages resources for an entire network host - any computer system connected to a netwrok that provides access to its resources router - a node that forwards or routes data packets from one network to their destination in another network switch - central node that coordinates the flow of data by sending messages directly between sender and receiver nodes

Name and describe the two components of a microprocessor.

control unit- tells the rest of the computer how to carry out program instructions arithmetic-logic unit- the part of the cpu that performs arithmetic and logical operations

What are specialty processors? Describe coprocessors. What is a GPU.

coprocessor - specialized processing chip designed to improve specific computer operations, such as the graphics coprocessor gpu - Designed to handle requirements related to displaying and manipulating 2D and 3D graphic images.

This measures how tightly the magnetic charges can be packed next to one another on the disk

density

What is digital currency? What is bitcoin? How is it used?

digital currency - currency for internet purchases bitcoin - form of digital cash, exists only on the internet

briefly describe the four approaches to conversion

direct approach - done simply by abandoning the old and starting up the new parallel approach - old and new systems are operated side by side until the new one proves to be reliable pilot approach - the new system is tried out in only one part of the organization phased approach - the new system is implemented gradually over a period of time

This hard-disk performance enhancement anticipates data needs.

disk caching

ebook readers have displays that are typically 6 inches and use a technology known as

e ink

Describe the flow of information

each level of management has different info needs, top level managers need summary info and info outside the organization. mid level managers need summarized information- weekly or monthly reports. supervisors need detailed, current, day-to-day info. information flow needs to flow in different directions top level managers flow both vertically and horizontally. mid level managers are both vertically and horizontally across functional lines. supervisory level managers are primarily vertical/ they communicate mainly with their middle managers and below.

what are ebook readers, digital whiteboards, flexible screens , and digital projectors

ebook readers- Handheld, book-sized device that displays text and graphics. Using content downloaded from the web or special cartridges, these devices are used to read newspapers, magazines, and books. digital whiteboards - Computers are digital machines because they can only understand 1s and 0s. For example, a digital watch states the exact time on the face, whereas an analog watch has the second hand moving in constant motion as it tells the time. flexible screen - monitor that allows digital devices to display images on nonflat surfaces. digital projectors - A type of monitor that projects images from a traditional monitor onto a screen or wall.

distinguish among economic, technical, and operational feasibility

economic - Comparing the costs of a new system to the benefits it promises. technical - Making sure hardware, software, and training will be available to facilitate the design of a new system. operational - Making sure the design of a new system will be able to function within the existing framework of an organization.

For system software to handle the majority of technical details, it should work with (must select all that apply for full credits)

end users computer hardware application software

An organizational strategy to promote the efficient and safe use of data across the networks

enterprise storage system

_______________ is defined as the study of human factors related to things people use. it is concerned with fitting the task to the user rather than forcing the user to contort to do the task.

ergonomics

What are expansion slots and cards? What are they used for?

expansion slot - Openings on a system board. Users can insert optional devices, known as expansion cards, into these slots, allowing users to expand their systems. cards - Optional device that plugs into a slot inside the system unit to expand the computer's abilities. Ports on the system board allow cables to be connected from the expansion board to devices outside the system unit.

What is fake news? Deep fakes?

fake news- information that is inaccurate or biased deep fakes- altering an individuals appearance or message in a way designed to mislead others

The higher the resolution of a monitor, the larger its pixels will be.

false

it is generally true that, the higher or greater the dot pitch, the clearer the images produced.

false

Increases storage capacity by reducing the amount of space required to store data and programs.

file compression

Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of secondary storage

file compression

Describe the 5 generations of mobile telecommunications

first gen (1G) - could only transmit analog signals used for voice communications second gen (2G) - used radio signals for cellular calls and introduced texting third gen (3G) - improved data speeds and introduced widespread use of the Internet on cell phones fourth gen (4G) - uses LTE connections for increased internet speeds, making streaming videos and music popular on cell phones fifth gen (5G) - newest and fastest

What are fitbit and apples health app? how do they work together?

fitbit and apples health app are web 3.0 applications that can combine data about the user with other data on the web, process the data and send the information back to another device

Commonly used on cameras and cell phones to expand their internal storage

flash memory cards

What is the system board, and what does it do?

flat board that usually contains the CPU and memory chips connecting all system components to one another

describe flat panel, lcd, led, oled monitors

flat panel/lcd - Or liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor. These monitors are much thinner than CRTs and can be used for desktop systems as well. led- A technology for flat-panel monitors that have a more advanced backlighting technology. They produce better-quality images, are slimmer, and are more environmentally friendly as they require less power and use fewer toxic chemicals to manufacture. Most new monitors are LED. oled- Replaces LED monitor's backlighting technology with a thin layer of organic compound that produces light.

List and describe three commonly used expansion cards.

graphics card - Device that provides high-quality 3D graphics and animation for games and simulations. NIC (network interface) - Used to connect a computer to one or more computers forming a communication network whereby users can share data, programs, and hardware. wireless network - Allows computers to be connected without cables.

what are headsets? multifunctional?

headsets- Audio-output devices connected to a sound card in the system unit. The sound card is used to capture as well as play back recorded sound. multifuncitonal -Devices that typically combine the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copying machine.

The virtualization software that runs in a single physical computer to host one or more separate virtual machines is generally called ______________ (one word beginning with 'h', no credit if misspelled.)

hypervisor

Which mobile operating system works with the iPhone? Which mobile operating system is owned by Google?

iOS works with the iPhone. Google owns Android.

compare inkjet, laser, and 3d printers

inkjet - Printer that sprays small droplets of ink at high speed onto the surface of the paper, producing letter-quality images, and can print in color. laser - Printer that creates dotlike images on a drum, using a laser beam light source. 3d printers - A printer that creates objects by adding layers of material onto one another. Also known as additive manufacturing.

what are the ways by which application software can be obtained

it can be purchased as off the shelf packaged software and possibly modified or custom designed

who determines whether to finance the second phase

management

Specialized high-capacity secondary storage devices designed to meet organizational demands.

mass storage devices

Describe mass storage devices including enterprise storage systems, file servers, network attached storage, RAID systems, organizational cloud storage, and storage area network systems

mass storage devices - Devices such as file servers, RAID systems, tape libraries, optical jukeboxes, and more. specialized high capactiyt SSD enterprise - Using mass storage devices, a strategy designed for organizations to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks within their organizations. file server - Dedicated computer with large storage capacity providing users access to shared folders or fast storage and retrieval of information used in that business. NAS - Similar to a file server except simpler and less expensive. Widely used for home and small business storage needs. RAID - Several inexpensive hard-disk drives connected to improve performance and provide reliable storage organizational cloud storage - High-speed Internet connection to a dedicated remote organizational Internet drive site. storage area network - An architecture that links remote computer storage devices such as enterprise storage systems to computers so that the devices are available as locally attached drives.

The actual physical material that holds the data and programs

media

What is the function of a modem? compare the three types of modems.

modem - It is a communication device that translates the electronic signals from a computer into electronic signals that can travel over telephone lines. 3 types: DSL, cable, wireless

____________ screens can be touched with more than one finger, which allows for interactions such as rotating graphical objects on the screen with your hand or zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.

multifunctional

________________ devices (MFD) typically combines the capabilities of a scanner, printer, fax, and copy machine.

multifunctional

Most operating systems have an ability to switch between different applications stored in memory. This is called ________________. (One word beginning with 'm'.)

multitasking

In addition to stand-alone and embedded OS, there is another category of operating systems called ___________ operating systems. (One word beginning with 'n'.)

network

Discuss optical discs, including pits, lands, CDs, DVDs, Blue-ray, and hi-def

optical discs - Storage device that can hold over 17 gigabytes of data, which is the equivalent of several million typewritten pages. Lasers are used to record and read data on the disc. The three basic types of optical discs are compact discs (CDs), digital versatile or video discs (DVDs), and Blu-ray discs (BDs). pits - bumpy areas on disc surface lands- flat areas on disc CD - Widely used optical disc format. It holds 650 MB (megabytes) to 1 GB (gigabyte) of data on one side of the CD. DVD - A type of optical disc similar to CD-ROMs except that more data can be packed into the same amount of space. Blu-ray - A type of high-definition disc with a capacity of 25 to 50 gigabyte hi-def -the next generation of optical disc, with increased storage capacity

the two categories of laser printers

personal and shared

images are formed on a monitor by a series of dots called pixels, which stands for __________

picture elements

which 3 conversion approaches are favored methods

pilot and phased

what do systems analysts do

pland and designs information systems

What are ports? What do they do?

ports - Connecting socket on the outside of the system unit. Used to connect input and output devices to the system unit.

What is a power supply unit? AC adapter? Charging platform?

power supply unit - Desktop computers have a power supply unit located within the system unit that plugs into a standard wall outlet, converting AC to DC, which becomes the power to drive all of the system unit components. AC adapter- plug into standard wall outlets and convert AC to DC charging platform - Recharging device for laptops, tablets, and wearable computers that does not require a connecting cable.

RAM is sometimes referred to as

primary storage

optical scanners

recognize individual letters or images

discuss these printer features: resolution, color capability, speed, memory, connectivity, and duplex printing

resolution - A measurement reflecting the quality of an image. color capability - the option to print in either blank ink or with color speed - measured in the number of pages printed per minute memory - used to store printing instructions and documents waiting to be printed connectivity - the ability of the printer to connect to a network, eliminating the need for a computer to be attached by a cable to the printer and making it easier for multiple computers to share one printer duplex- Allows automatic printing on both sides of a sheet of paper.

clarity refers to the quality and sharpness of the displayed images of monitors. it is a function of several monitor features, including ________, dot pitch, contrast ratio, active display area, and _________ ratio.

resolution, aspect

The main functions that operating systems perform include managing ________ (one word beginning with 'r'), providing _______(two words beginning with 'u'), and running _______(one word beginning with 'a').

resources user interface application

Define ROM and flash memory.

rom - chips have information stored in them by the manufacturer flash memory - combination of RAM and ROM

what is satellite communicaton? gps? infrared?

satellite communication - This type of communication uses satellites orbiting about 22,000 miles above the Earth as microwave relay stations. gps - Devices that use location information to determine the geographic location of your car, for example infrared - Uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. Sometimes referred to as line-of-sight communication because light waves can only travel in a straight line.

Provides permanent or nonvolatile storage.

secondary storage

Each track is divided into invisible wedge-shaped sections called ______.

sectors

Define and describe sockets, slots, and bus lines.

sockets - provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called chips slots - provide a connection for specialized cards or circuit boards bus lines- provide pathways that support communciation among the various electronic components that are either located on system board or attached to it

This type of storage uses pits and lands to represent 1s and 0s

solid state

What is a solid-state storage? How is it different from RAM? ROM?

solid-state storage is a type of non-volatile storage that has no moving parts, while RAM is a type of volatile memory that stores data temporarily. ROM is also a type of non-volatile memory but it is read-only and cannot be written to like solid-state storage can.

Architecture to link remote storage devices to computers such that the devices are as available as locally attached drives.

storage area network

Hardware that reads data and programs from storage media.

storage devices

What is the difference between a system and an expansion bus?

system bus connects CPU to memory on system board while expansion bus connects CPU to other components on system board

what are the 3 tasks the system analyst is concerned with during this phase

t involves defining the problem, suggesting alternative systems, and preparing a short report.

Define TCP/IP, IP address, and packets.

tcp/ip - TCP/IP is the standard protocol for the Internet. The essential features of this protocol involve (1) identifying sending and receiving devices and (2) reformatting information for transmission across the Internet. ip address - The unique numeric address of a computer on the Internet that facilitates the delivery of e-mail. packets - Before a message is sent on the Internet, it is broken down into small parts called packets. Each packet is then sent separately over the Internet. At the receiving end, the packets are reassembled into the correct order.

If the company's estimated total customers is 800 and every visual 2D code or ID must be printed in square like the one above, i.e., equal number of white or black cells on each side, then, what's the minimal number of cells of each side the ID must have?

the minimal number of cells of each side each 2D code must have is 4.

what is RAD

the use of powerful development software, small specialized teams, and highly trained personnel

what is the advantage of these 2 approaches over the systems life cycle approach

they might develop a proposed or protype menu as a possible screen display for the time and billing system

what is prototyping

to build a model or prototype that can be modified before the actual system is installed

list and describe 5 important analysis tools

top-down analysis method - used to identify the top level components of a complex system grid charts - shows the relationship between input and output documents system flowcharts - show the flow of input data to processing and finally to output, or distribution of information data flow diagrams - show the data or information flow within an information system automated design tools- software packages that evalyate hardware and software alternatives accoridng to requirements given by the systems analyst

Concentric rings on a hard-disk platter

tracks

The name for concentric circles on a hard disk

tracks

output device

translate symbols from the system unit into words, images, and sounds that people can understand

input devices

translate words, numbers, sounds, images, and gestures that people understand into a form that the system unit can process

UPC contains 12 digits.

true

Discuss three types of expansion buses.

universal serial bus - Combines with a PCI bus on the system board to support several external devices without inserting cards for each device. firewire - primarily used to connect audio and video equipment to system board PCIe - New type of bus that is 30 times faster than PCI bus

what is virtual reality? vr head mounted display? vr controller? robot? drone?

virtual reality -Interactive sensory equipment (head-mounted display and controller) allowing users to experience alternative realities generated in 3D by a computer, thus imitating the physical world. VR head mounted- Interactive sensory equipment that collects data from embedded earphones and three-dimensional stereoscopic screens worn on the head. Vr controller- Device that provides input to a virtual reality environment about a user's hand movements. robot - Typically use cameras, microphones, and other sensors as inputs. Widely used in factories and other applications involving repetitive actions. drones- Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that act as an output device, sending back video and sound to the user.

Amazon's Echo, Apple's HomePod, and Google's Home are examples of devices on the market that exclusively offer access to virtual assistants with _____________.

voice recognition

A ______ boot occurs when the computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power. Starting a computer that has been turned off is called a ______ boot. (Each blank is one word.)

warm cold

maxicode

widely used by retail stores to automate the processes to check out customers, to change product prices and to maintain inventory records

identify the factors that need to be considered when choosing the best systems design

will the system work with the organizations overall information system will the system be felxible enough so it can be modified in the future can it be made secure against unauthorized use are the benefits worth the costs

what is a wireless network? wireless access point? hotspot?

wireless network - Uses radio frequencies to connect computers and other devices. All communications pass through the network's centrally located wireless receiver or base station and are routed to the appropriate devices. wireless access point - Uses radio frequencies to connect computers and other devices. All communications pass through the network's centrally located wireless receiver or base station and are routed to the appropriate devices. hotspot - Wireless access points that provide Internet access and are often available in public places such as coffee shops, libraries, bookstores, colleges, and universities.

Define word, clock speed, multicore chip, and parallel processing.

word- the number of bits that can be accessed at one time by the cpu clock speed- Also called clock rate. It is measured in gigahertz, or billions of beats per second. The faster the clock speed, the faster the computer can process information and execute instructions. multicore chip - A new type of chip that provides two or more separate and independent CPUs. parallel processing - Used by supercomputers to run large and complex programs.