Ch. 1: Accessing Your Health Quiz

Which of the following statements about mindfulness is true? a. An essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment. b. Mindfulness is a religious practice in which the individual contemplates the divine. c. Research linking mindfulness to improved health is inconclusive. d. The practice of mindfulness emerged in the United States in the 1970s.

a. An essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment.

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal? a. Reduce my weekend alcohol consumption from 4 or more drinks per night to no more than 3 drinks per night. b. Drink less alcohol. c. Reduce my weekend alcohol consumption from 6 or more drinks per night to 1 drink per night. d. Stop drinking alcohol.

a. Reduce my weekend alcohol consumption from 4 or more drinks per night to no more than 3 drinks per night.

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of a. action. b. precontemplation. c. maintenance. d. contemplation.

a. action

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of a. blocking and stopping. b. positive reinforcement. c. a situational reinforcer. d. countering.

a. blocking and stopping

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n) a. motivation. b. belief. c. analysis. d. attitude.

b. belief

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a a. social reinforcer. b. consumable reinforcer. c. possessional reinforcer. d. manipulative reinforcer.

b. consumable reinforcer

Spiritual health can best be described as a. not as important as other factors to overall wellness. b. having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life. c. holding to religious beliefs learned in childhood. d. establishing and maintaining fulfilling relationships.

b. having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life.

Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals? a. coaching b. imagined rehearsal c. athletic imagery d. vicarious performance

b. imagined rehearsal

Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth a. is overinsured. b. is likely to delay care that she needs. c. has equitable access to health services. d. is uninsured.

b. is likely to delay care that she needs

Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit yourself is an example of a. shaping b. modeling c. envy d. conforming

b. modeling

A person's bone structure is an example of a(n) a. epigenetic factor. b. nonmodifiable determinant. c. behavioral choice. d. nvironmental influence

b. nonmodifiable determinant

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model? a. perceived benefits b. perceived susceptibility c. perceived seriousness d. perceived barriers

b. perceived susceptibility

Having unprotected sex is considered a a. medical treatment. b. health disparities. c. risk behavior. d. health promotion.

c. risk behavior

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health? a. intellectual b. physical c. social d. emotional

c. social

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically? a. carrying a too-heavy course load b. substance abuse c. stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties d. repeated strep infections

c. stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties

The contemporary definition of wellness is a. the absence of ongoing symptoms or chronic disease. b. living longer than one's parents. c. the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions. d. the ability to move about freely without pain.

c. the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions.

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on a. environmental factors. b. fate and luck. c. their own actions. d. previous disappointments.

c. their own actions

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of a. progress. b. health. c. well-being. d. change.

c. well-being

Young adults (ages 15-24) are most likely to die from a. homicide. b. heart disease. c. cancer. d. accidents.

d. accidents

Health and wellness are best described as a. determined by genes. b. static. c. determined by the environment. d. dynamic.

d. dynamic

Differences in cancer mortality among specific populations are an example of a. medical malpractice. b. biological determinants. c. risk behaviors. d. health disparities.

d. health disparities

Which type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions? a. irect medical costs b. Medicare costs c. Medicaid costs d. indirect medical costs

d. indirect medical costs

Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that a. influence his or her genes. b. influence his or her response to medical treatment. c. predispose him or her to a particular set of diseases. d. influence his or her health status.

d. influence his or her health status

The six dimensions of health a. affect either the mind or the body. b. affect health independently of each other. c. seldom influence one another. d. interact continuously.

d. interact continuously

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a(n) a. biological determinant. b. environmental influence. c. social determinant. d. modifiable determinant.

d. modifiable determinant

Mrs. J. is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(n) a. manipulative reinforcer. b. consumable reinforcer. c. activity reinforcer. d. possessional reinforcer.

d. possessional reinforcer

Mindy wants to lose weight. The fact that her parents engage in regular exercise is a(n) a. enabling factor. b. reinforcing factor. c. motivational factor. d. predisposing factor.

d. predisposing factor

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n) a. isolated event. b. stressful situation. c. chance to wipe out past mistakes. d. process that occurs in stages.

d. process that occurs in stages

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a a. manipulative behavior. b. negative behavior. c. covert behavior. d. reinforcing behavior.

d. reinforcing behavior

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of a. punishment. b. enabling. c. shaping. d. self-talk.

d. self-talk

Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model? a. health belief model b. social cognitive model c. shaping model d. transtheoretical model

d. transtheoretical model

Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century? a. advances in heart and brain surgery b. advances in genetic testing c. more doctors in metropolitan areas d. vaccinations and antibiotics

d. vaccinations and antibiotics

Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include a. mental health counseling. b. lower birth rates. c. pharmaceutical products. d. workplace safety.

d. workplace safety F

One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to a. eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups. b. increase funding for research on certain diseases such as cancer and diabetes. c. reduce health care costs for all Americans. d. increase the number of public health departments in every state.

a. eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups.

Studies associate mindfulness with a. improvements in memory. b. increased blood pressure. c. increased religious belief. d. social isolation.

a. improvements in memory

Health promotion a. includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health. b. focuses on curing the most prevalent diseases. c. involves social justice efforts aimed at achieving health care for all Americans. d. refers to fundraising campaigns for health-related organizations.

a. includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip? a. shaping b. modeling c. visualization d. self-talk

a. shaping

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is a. shaping. b. preparation. c. journaling. d. action.

a. shaping

Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of a. situational inducement. b. negative reinforcement. c. social reinforcement. d. an activity reinforcer.

a. situational inducement

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the a. social cognitive model. b. behavior modification model. c. health belief model. d. transtheoretical model.

a. social cognitive model

All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT a. tuning out a noisy student in the library. b. acknowledging your disappointment at a poor grade. c. acknowledging that you are not perfect. d. cultivating compassion for a friend with financial problems.

a. tuning out a noisy student in the library

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n) a. analysis b. belief c. attitude d. motivation

b. belief

Effective health promotion programs a. focus on improving selected negative behaviors. b. have the most measurable results when implemented in schools. c. focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health. d. don't attempt to change individual attitudes about health.

c. focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health

The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions is the definition of a. recovery. b. satisfaction. c. health. d. fitness.

c. health

Overall, the leading cause of death for Americans is a. respiratory disease. b. accidents. c. heart disease. d. cancer.

c. heart disease

The science of epigenetics studies a. the structure of our genes. b. patterns of inheritance. c. how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes. d. how genes influence an individual's behavioral choices.

c. how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes.

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to a. update FDA regulations on the manufacture and sale of drugs in the United States. b. extend health insurance coverage to millions more Americans. c. improve the quality of life and years of life for all Americans. d. increase payments to doctors who serve Medicaid and Medicare patients.

c. improve the quality of life and years of life for all Americans.

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as a. emotional health. b. physical health. c. intellectual health. d. social health.

c. intellectual health

Which health model views treating disease through medications and surgery as the surest way to improve health? a. environmental model b. social model c. medical model d. public health model

c. medical model

Gavin downloads a new workout song every time he completes his week's exercise goal. This action is an example of a. countering. b. an intrinsic reward. c. positive reinforcement. d. shaping.

c. positive reinforcement

Washing your hands before eating is an example of disease a. treatment. b. screening. c. prevention. d. intervention.

c. prevention

The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is a. disease prevention. b. medicine. c. public health. d. immunology.

c. public health