Ch. 1 - Intro to Nursing
When the major goals of healthcare-- promoting, maintaining, or restoring health-- can no longer be met, the nurse.....
facilitates coping with disability
promotion of health
involves encouraging individuals to be proactive in taking measures to foster and maximize optimal functioning. exercise is one of the most common, and accessible, activities that can help achieve this. support groups often focus on coping, while treating hypertension pharmacologically, and removing secretions that can threaten oxygenation, help restore health and prevent illness
Pioneering crusader for the reform of the tx of the mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
______________ are laws established in each state in the United States to regulate the practice of nursing.
Nurse Practice Acts
A nursing student wants to take up an advanced specialty nursing role. Which of the following roles is included in advanced specialty nursing? a) nurse midwives care for women with complicated pregnancies b) Nurse anesthetists are RNs c) Nurse anesthetists can have independent practice. d) nurse midwives are licensed practice nurses
b) Nurse anesthetists are RNs Nurse midwives are NOT LPNs, care for women with uncomplicated pregnancies
Which nursing groups provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing? a)AAN b)ICN c)ANA d) The Joint Commission
c)ANA
Established the American Red Cross
Clara Barton
Founder of public health nursing
Lillian Wald
First trained nursing in the US
Linda Richards
Founded in the late 1800s, the ____ is a professional organization for registered nurses in the United States
American Nurses Association (ANA)
The ________, developed by the ANA, define the activities of nurses that are specific and unique to nursing.
Clinical Nursing Standards
The ____, founded in 1899, was the first international organization of professional women.
International Council of Nurses (ICN)
The Henry Street Settlement was founded by whom?
Lillian Wald Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster established the Henry Street Settlement, which was the first public health service for the sick and poor
One of the major guidelines for nursing practice, the_________, integrates both the art and science of nursing.
Nursing Process
____________was developed to prepare nurses to give bedside nursing care to patients
Practical nursing
Which of the following Standards of Professional Performance, as defined by the ANA, has the nurse considered factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services? a) resource utilization b) Quality of practice c) practice evaluation d) leadership
a) resource utilization practice evaluation - evaluating nurses practice in relation to professional practice standards & guidelines, relevant statutes, rules and regulations. quality of practice - enhances quality and effectiveness of nursing practice
When a nurse helps a patient make an informed decision about his/her own health and life, which of the following nurse's roles has been performed? a. Advocate b. Counselor c. Caregiver d. Communicator
a. Advocate
Which national nursing org. serves as primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional org for nurse educator? a) NLN b) Sigma Theta Tau International c) ANA d) AACN
a) NLN
Which of the following nursing education programs attracts more men, minorities, and nontraditional students and prepares nurses to give care to patients in various structured settings? a. Diploma in nursing b. Associate degree in nursing c. Baccalaureate degree in nursing d. Graduate education in nursing
b. Associate degree in nursing
ANA Nursing Social Policy Statement
describes values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing's knowledge base, as well as the methods by which nursing is regulated
The legal right to practice nursing is termed __________.
licensure
A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind?
the nurse may teach advanced education for nurses
Which of the following are professional nursing organizations that are operating in the United States? (Select all that apply.) a. ANA b. NNO c. ICN d. AACN e. NASN f. ANO
a. ANA c. ICN d. AACN
A ___________ is a law that regulates the practice of nursing
nurse practice act
In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? a) 16th to 17th century b) 18th to 19th century c) early civilization to 16th century d) Pre-civilization
b) 18th to 19th century - social reforms changed roles of nurses and women in general. based on beliefs of Florence Nightingale
The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?
WW2 Esther Lucille Brown, in her report on nursing education publised at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals.
A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which of the following nursing aims should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient? a) facilitating coping b) promoting health c) restoring health d) preventing illness
a) facilitating coping patient's care in coming weeks or months will likely encompass all of the four foundational roles of a nurse. however, because pt has just recently received bad news and is emotionally distraught, helping patient cope is an appropriate priority in his immediate care
Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century? a) most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes b) nursing changed from a spiritual focus to an emphasis on knowledge expansion c) physician was the priest who treated disease with prayer d) nurse was a nun committed to caring for the needy and homeless
a) most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes physician was medicine man who treated disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening skull to release evil spirits. Nurse was mother. As civilizations grew, temples became medical centers
One of the four broad aims of nursing practice is to restore health. Which examples of nursing interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply. a. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program. b. A nurse performs range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest. c. A nurse shows a diabetic patient how to inject insulin. d. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive. e. A nurse provides hospice care for a patient with end-stage cancer. f. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school.
a, b, c. Activities to restore health focus on the individual with an illness and range from early detection of a disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery. These activities include drug counseling, teaching patients how to administer their medications, and performing range-of-motion exercises for bedridden patients. Recommending a yoga class for stress reduction is a goal of preventing illness, and teaching a nutrition class is a goal of promoting health. A hospice care nurse helps to facilitate coping with disability and death.
5. Which of the following statements accurately describe a nurse practice act? (Select all that apply.) a. A nurse practice act regulates the practice of nursing. b. Nurse practice acts are regulated by the federal government. c. Nurse practice acts exclude untrained and unlicensed people from practicing nursing. d. The enforcement of rules and regulations does not fall within the scope of nurse practice acts. e. Nurse practice acts establish the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. f. Legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs are not specifically defined by the nurse practice acts.
a. A nurse practice act regulates the practice of nursing. c. Nurse practice acts exclude untrained and unlicensed people from practicing nursing. e. Nurse practice acts establish the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses.
3. Which of the following criteria define nursing as a profession? (Select all that apply.) a. A well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge b. Standards of performance determined by the medical community c. An established code of ethics d. Commitment to ongoing research e. Selective membership f. Recognized authority by a professional group
a. A well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge c. an established code of ethics d. commitment to ongoing research f. Recognized authority by a professional group
Who established the Red Cross in the US in 1882? a. Clara Barton b. Dorothea Dix c. Jane Addams d. Florence Nightingale
a. Clara Barton Dorothea Dix - pioneering crusader for reform of tx for mentally ill Jane Addams - provided social services within a neighborhood setting; a leader for women's rights; recipient of the 1931 Nobel Peace prize
Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree? a) administering medications as prescribed b) using research findings to improve practice c) collaborating with other health care providers d) providing direct physical care
b) using research findings to improve practice
World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing profession. Which development occurred during this period? a. The role of the nurse was broadened. b. There was a decreased emphasis on education. c. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings. d. There was an overabundance of nurses.
a. During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, which led to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology. This trend broadened the role of nurses to include practicing in a wide variety of health care settings.
1. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to promote health? (Select all that apply.) a. Increasing student awareness of sexually transmitted diseases by distributing informational pamphlets at a college health center b. Performing diagnostic measurements and examinations in an outpatient setting c. Serving as a role model of health for patients by maintaining a healthy weight d. Helping a person with paraplegia learn how to use a wheelchair e. Facilitating decisions about lifestyles that would enhance the well-being of a teenager f. Administering an insulin shot to a diabetic patient
a. Increasing student awareness of sexually transmitted diseases by distributing informational pamphlets at a college health center c. Serving as a role model of health for patients by maintaining a healthy weight e. Facilitating decisions about lifestyles that would enhance the well-being of a teenager
Nurse practice acts are established in each state of the United States to regulate nursing practice. What is a common element of every state practice act? a. Defining the legal scope of nursing practice b. Providing continuing education programs c. Determining the content covered in the NCLEX examination d. Creating institutional policies for health care practices
a. Nurse practice acts are established in each state to regulate the practice of nursing by defining the legal scope of nursing practice, creating a state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulations, define important terms and activities in nursing, and establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The acts do not determine the content covered on the NCLEX, but they do have the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the licensing examination. The acts also may determine educational requirements for licensure, but do not provide the education. Institutional policies are created by the institutions themselves.
6. Which of the following statements regarding nursing licenses are accurate? (Select all that apply.) a. The board of nursing for each state or province has the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the licensing examination. b. The licensed nurse is approved to practice nursing in any state. c. The nursing license is valid during the life of the holder. d. The nursing license can be denied due to criminal actions. e. The nursing license cannot be revoked or suspended for professional misconduct. f. A license is not necessary to practice nursing in nursing homes.
a. The board of nursing for each state or province has the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the licensing examination. c. The nursing license is valid during the life of the holder d. The nursing license can be denied due to criminal actions.
The Standards of Practice provide nurses with what? a) evaluation of care provided by nurses b) measurement criteria for payment c) guidelines for providing care d) legislation for health care reform
c) guidelines for providing care
7. Which of the following developments had the greatest influence on the development of nursing as a profession since the l950s? a. Large numbers of women began to work outside the home, asserting their independence. b. Nursing practice was broadened to include practice in a wide variety of healthcare settings. c. Male dominance in the healthcare profession slowed the progress of professionalism in the nursing practice. d. Hospital schools were established to provide more easily controlled and less expensive staff for the hospital.
b. Nursing practice was broadened to include practice in a wide variety of healthcare settings.
The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century. What is a current health care trend contributing to these challenges? a. Decreased numbers of hospitalized patients b. Older and more acutely ill patients c. Decreasing health care costs due to managed care d. Slowed advances in medical knowledge and technology .
b. The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies the following critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century: A growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and more acutely ill, increasing health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology.
The various definitions of nursing provided in this chapter conclude that the central focus of nursing is based on which of the following? a. The care provided by the nurse b. The patient receiving care c. The nurse as the caregiver d. Nursing as a profession
b. The patient receiving care
A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a loss of consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates preparing the patient for ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition reflects which aspect of nursing? a. The art of nursing b. The science of nursing c. The caring aspect of nursing d. The holistic approach to nursing
b. The science of nursing science of nursing is the knowledge base for care that is provided. In contrast, the skilled application of that knowledge is the art of nursing. Providing holistic care to patients based on the science of nursing is considered the art of nursing.
Which of the following statements most clearly defines the role of the nurse in the early Christian period? a. The nurse was viewed as a slave, carrying out menial tasks based on the orders of the priest-physician. b. Women called deaconesses made the first organized visits to the sick, and members of male religious groups gave nursing care and buried the dead. c. The nurse was usually the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. d. Women who had committed crimes were recruited into nursing in lieu of serving jail sentences.
b. Women called deaconesses made the first organized visits to the sick, and members of male religious groups gave nursing care and buried the dead.
Which of the following individuals provided community-based care and founded public health nursing? a) Clara Barton b) Sojourner Truth c) Lillian Wald d) Adelaide Nutting
c) Lillian Wald established neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor in NYC and found public health nursing
A RN nurse plans to return to the nursing profession after a long hiatus. Which statement about the trend in nursing services would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind? a) Nurses rely on intution to make decisions today b) health care delivery systems are less controversial now c) clients enter the helath care system today acutely ill d) hospital stays are much longer these days
c) clients enter the health care system today acutely ill
What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? a) lack of influence from nursing leaders b) independence of nursing orders c) lack of educational standards d) hospital-based schools of nursing
c) lack of educational standards also: male dominance of health care, pervading belief that women were dependent on men
A group of nursing students has attended a presentation about the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA). Which statement by the group indicates that they have understood the information presented? a) NSNA is run by a group of RNs b) NSNA contributes to the improvement of public health c) the organization provides programs of current professional interest d) organization is funded by the national government.
c) the organization provides programs of current professional interest it is student-funded not federal funded CCNE - improvement of public health
Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole? a) to regulate work activites for members b) to provide socialization and networking for members c) to set standards for nursing education and practice d) to provide information to nurses about legal requirement
c) to set standards for nursing education and practice
2. The role of the nurse developed from the precivilization era, through the eras signifying the beginning of civilization, the beginning of the 16th century, the 18th and 19th centuries, and the World War II era to the present. Place the following roles of the nurse listed below in the correct chronologic order to follow this timeline. a. There was a shortage of nurses; criminals were recruited as nurses; nursing was viewed as disreputable. b. Nursing was broadened in all areas and was practiced in a wide variety of settings; nursing was viewed as a profession. c. Nurses were portrayed as a mother, caring for family and delivering physical care and health remedies. d. Nurses were viewed as slaves, carrying out menial tasks based on the orders of the priest. e. Florence Nightingale elevated nursing to a respected occupation and founded modern methods in nursing education. f. Efforts were made to upgrade nursing education, and women were more assertive and independent.
c, d, a, e, f, b c) Nurses were portrayed as a mother, caring for family and delivering physical care and health remedies. d) Nurses were viewed as slaves, carrying out menial tasks based on the orders of the priest. a) There was a shortage of nurses; criminals were recruited as nurses; nursing was viewed as disreputable. e) Florence Nightingale elevated nursing to a respected occupation and founded modern methods in nursing education. f) Efforts were made to upgrade nursing education, and women were more assertive and independent. b) Nursing was broadened in all areas and was practiced in a wide variety of settings; nursing was viewed as a profession.
Which phrase describes a purpose of the ANA's Nursing's Social Policy Statement? Select all that apply. a. To describe the nurse as a dependent caregiver b. To provide standards for nursing educational programs c. To define the scope of nursing practice d. To establish a knowledge base for nursing practice e. To describe nursing's social responsibility f. To regulate nursing research .
c, d, e. The ANA Social Policy Statement (2010) describes the social context of nursing, a definition of nursing, the knowledge base for nursing practice, the scope of nursing practice, standards of professional nursing practice, and the regulation of professional nursing.
Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on which defining criteria? Select all that apply. a. Well defined body of general knowledge b. Interventions dependent upon the medical practice c. Recognized authority by a professional group d. Regulation by the medical industry e. Code of ethics f. Ongoing research
c, e, f. Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on the following defining criteria: well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority by a professional group, code of ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, and autonomy and self-regulation.
The role of medicine developed from the precivilization era, through the eras signifying the beginning of civilization, the beginning of the 16th century, the 18th and 19th centuries, and the World War II era to the present. Place the events that defined these eras listed below in the correct chronologic order to follow this timeline. a. An explosion of knowledge in medicine and technology occurred. b. Focus on religion was replaced by a focus on warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge. c. Belief in good and evil spirits bringing health or illness existed; medicine men were physicians. d. Hospital schools were organized; female nurses were under control of male hospital administrators and physicians; males dominated the healthcare setting. e. Varied healthcare settings developed. f. Temples were the centers of medical care; belief that illness is caused by sin and gods' displeasure existed; priests were physicians.
c, f, b, d, a, e
Learning how to use a new piece of hospital equipment would most likely occur in which type of educational setting? a. Continuing education b. Graduate education c. In-service education d. Undergraduate studies
c. In-service education
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of nursing's role, according to the American Nurses Association (ANA)? a. Nursing is a profession dependent upon the medical community as a whole. b. It is the role of the physician, not the nurse, to assist patients in understanding their health problems. c. It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing. d. The essential components of professional nursing care are strength, endurance, and cure.
c. It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.
2. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to facilitate coping? (Select all that apply.) a. Teaching a class on the nutritional needs of pregnant women b. Changing the bandages of a patient who has undergone heart surgery c. Teaching a patient and his/her family how to live with diabetes d. Assisting a patient and his/her family to prepare for death e. Starting an intravenous line for a malnourished elderly person f. Providing counseling for the family of a teenager with an eating disorder
c. Teaching a patient and his/her family how to live with diabetes d. Assisting a patient and his/her family to prepare for death f. Providing counseling for the family of a teenager with an eating disorder
Which of the following nursing advocates elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing? a) Jane Addams b) Clara Barton c) Dorothea Dix d) Florence Nightingale
d) Florence Nightingale
A nurse is practicing as a nurse-midwife in a busy OB-GYN office. Which degree in nursing is necessary to practice at this level? a. LPN b. ADN c. BSN d. MSN
d. A master's degree (MSN) prepares advanced practice nurses. Many master's graduates gain national certification in their specialty area, for example, as family nurse practitioners (FNPs) or nurse midwives.
Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the founder of American nursing? a. Clara Barton b. Lillian Wald c. Lavinia Dock d. Florence Nightingale
d. Florence Nightingale - elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Clara Barton - established American Red Cross in US 1882 Lillian Wald - founder of public health nursing Lavinia Dock - nursing leader and women's rights activist instrumental in womens' right to vote
10. Which of the following is used by the nurse to identify the patient's healthcare needs and strengths and to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs? a. Nursing standards b. Nursing orders c. Nurse practice acts d. Nursing process
d. Nursing process
In early civilizations, the theory of animism attempted to explain the mysterious changes occurring in bodily functions. Which statement describes a component of the development of nursing that occurred in this era? a. Women who committed crimes were recruited into nursing the sick in lieu of serving jail sentences. b. Nurses identified the personal needs of the patient and their role in meeting those needs. c. Women called deaconesses made the first visits to the sick and male religious orders cared for the sick and buried the dead. d. The nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by using herbal remedies.
d. The theory of animism was based on the belief that everything in nature was alive with invisible forces and endowed with power. In this era, the nurse usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. At the beginning of the 16th century the shortage of nurses led to the recruitment of women who had committed crimes to provide nursing care instead of going to jail. In the early Christian period, women called deaconesses made the first organized visits to sick people, and members of male religious orders gave nursing care and buried the dead. The influences of Florence Nightingale were apparent from the middle of the 19th century to the 20th century; one of her accomplishments was identifying the personal needs of the patient and the nurse's role in meeting those needs.
In early civilizations influenced by theory of animism, roles of physician and nurse were ______________-
distinct and separate
Nurse Practice Acts
laws established in each state in the US to regulate the practice of nursing •Protect public by defining legal scope of nursing practice, excluding untrained and unlicensed people from practicing nursing •Create a state board of nursing or regulatory body having the authority to make and enforce rules and regulations concerning the nursing profession •Define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs •Establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?
nursing process nursing process is used to identify the client's strengths, limitations, health care needs, to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs, to implement that plan of care, and to evaluate effectiveness of the plan to achieve established outcomes.
All nursing actions focus on the __________
patient
A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse research. Which of the following is true regarding nurse researchers?
they are responsible for continued development and advancement of nursing. usually work in large teaching hospitals, research centers, academic institutions nurse administrator - serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing