CH 1 LESSON 3 -Computer Programming Languages

Weakly Typed (untyped) languages

language allows more flexibility when managing your data. You can reserve space and give a name to some data without really specifying the exact nature of the data in advance.

Interpreted

mean the source code itself is sent to the target computer.

C++

object-oriented concepts to the original C language. These concepts allow programmers to create and re-use large libraries of common code.

Visual Basic

programming language was created to allow non-programming students to write simple programs for their computers.

Compiling

the process of turning human-readable source code into native machine language.

Interpreter

translate the source code to machine code at runtime.

ChemML

Chemical Markup Language is used to represent chemistry concepts such as molecules and reactions

High- Level Interpreted

High level languages may also be interpreted, which means the source code itself is transferred between computer systems and turned into machine language by an interpreter program.

High-Level Complied

High level languages use more human-readable source code and can be compiled or converted into machine code for multiple operating systems and platforms. Only the compiled machine code is distributed to target computers to run. The program may not use the fastest possible instructions for the target computer, but it's easier to write code using powerful languages statements and development environments.

HTML

Hyper-Text Markup Language is used to control and format the display of information in web pages

Visual C++

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) provides a graphical way to design screens in an application.

Low-Level Machine Code

Machine language is composed of the actual bits and bytes (the 1's and 0's) that CPUs actually understand. Each combination of bits tells the CPU to perform a different operation. Machine language is specific to one type of computer platform.

Strongly Typed Languages

Many languages, especially those that are compiled like C/C++, Java, and C#. This means the language cares a great deal about the specific type of data you are storing.

C

This language has been around for many decades and was used almost exclusively in the early years of Windows programming. The C language is very powerful, but lacks some of the modern niceties of later languages.

Low-Level Assembly

One step above machine language, Assembly allows programmers to write individual CPU-level instructions using short character sequences that can be directly translated into machine language. Assembly language is specific to one type of computer platform. You can write very fast code in low-level languages, but it's hard to take advantage of the nice features and libraries that a high-level language provides.

Scripted

Similar to high-level interpreted languages, scripted languages are distributed in source form, but they are designed to run within and control another piece of software. JavaScript, for example, is a scripting language that runs in a web browser and controls how the browser displays content on a web page.

SPICE

Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) language is used to represent and analyze electronic circuits

MATLAB

The Matrix Laboratory language is used for a variety of mathematical calculations and tasks

Translated

The high-level source code is compiled down to an intermediate format that is sent to each computer. There a second program, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), will translate the intermediate format into native machine language for the target computer. This approach allows the same Java program to run on many different kinds of operating systems!

Java

allows programmers to write a program one time and then run on many different operating systems, not just Windows.

Visual C# (pronounced "C-sharp")

an object-oriented language with a large library of pre-built objects to make programming easier.

Prototyping

are used as "proof-of-concept" demonstrations. This means that when a company has an idea for a new program, instead of dedicating a lot of time and resources to creating the full program with a complicated language, they will create a quick version with Visual Basic.