Ch. 1 Looking at Abnormality

By 1960, a large and vocal movement known as the _________ rights movement emerged

patients' rights

Hippocrates theorized that mental illness was caused by an imbalance of four fluids called _______

humors

Mesmerism was later known as ______

hypnotism

Which of the following are considered to be normal behaviors? (select all that apply) 1. Behaviors that are not interfering with social life or work/school 2. Behaviors that are not distressing to the individual 3. Behaviors typical for the social context 4. Behaviors that are highly unusual for the social contet

1. Behaviors that are not interfering with social life or work/school 2. Behaviors that are not distressing to the individual 3. Behaviors typical for the social context

In wealthier European countries, there are over ___ mental health experts per 100,000 people

20

cognitive therapy, which focused on the irrational thoughts of people with psychological problems, was developed by _________

Aaron Beck

Freud collaborated with Josef ______ on the 1893 paper that would prove to be the foundation stone in the development of psychoanalysis

Breurer

the oldest writings on abnormal behavior from ancient Egypt were in a document called the _____ Papyrus

Kahun

A PsyD differs from a PhD in psychology in what way? a. a PsyD emphasizes clinical training more than research training b. a PhD emphasizes clinical training more than research training c. A PsyD can prescribe medications, but the PhD cannot. d. A PhD can prescribe medications, but the PsyD cannot.

a. a PsyD emphasizes clinical training more than research training

Modern biological theories of psychological disorders have focused on which of the following? (select all that apply) a. biochemical imbalances b. spiritual factors c. social factors d. the role of genetics e. structural and functional abnormalities of the brain

a. biochemical imbalances d. the role of genetics e. structural and functional abnormalities of the brain

Which of the following are the 3 theories of treatment of abnormal behavior that advanced greatly in the early 20th century? a. biological theory b. social theory c. neurological theory d. psychological theory e. multicultural theory

a. biological theory b. social theory d. psychological theory

In what ways does managed care address some of the problems associated with deinstitutionalization? (select all that apply) a. by helping to coordinate care offered by other providers b. by paying for all services needed for psychiatric help c. by ensuring that patients have access to appropriate care d. by helping patients to find appropriate care

a. by helping to coordinate care offered by other providers c. by ensuring that patients have access to appropriate care d. by helping patients to find appropriate care

Licensed mental health counselors have graduation training in which of the following? a. counseling b. psychology c. nursing d. social work

a. counseling

Teresa of Avila claimed that the mass hysteria she witnessed at a convent was the result of which of the following? (select all that apply) a. drowsiness b. sinful guilt c. melancholy d. a weak imagination

a. drowsiness c. melancholy d. a weak imagination

Chinese religious interpretations of abnormal behavior believed which of the following? (select all that apply) a. evil winds and ghosts were blamed for people's uncontrolled behavior b. ghosts were blamed for inciting people's erratic emotional displays c. evil winds were blamed for bewitching people d. the influence of other people changed peoples behaviors

a. evil winds and ghosts were blamed for people's uncontrolled behavior b. ghosts were blamed for inciting people's erratic emotional displays c. evil winds were blamed for bewitching people

One of the most important discoveries underpinning modern biological theories of abnormality was the discovery of the cause of which of the following? a. general paresis b. depression c. psychotic behavior d. bipolar disorder

a. general paresis

Which of the following are examples of the treatment of the insane during Plato's time? (select all that apply) a. people declared insane could not acquire or dispose of their own property b. the state did not provide asylums or institutions for the insane c. people who were insane were not allowed to marry d. poor people who were thought to be insane were burned at the stake

a. people declared insane could not acquire or dispose of their own property b. the state did not provide asylums or institutions for the insane c. people who were insane were not allowed to marry

In the early middle ages, insanity was believed to have been cause by which of the following? a. physical injury or severe emotional shock b. the devils spawn c. a wandering uterus d. witches witchcraft

a. physical injury or severe emotional shock

Mesmer's treatment of hysterical disorders involved which of the following? (select all that apply) a. realigning the person's magnetic fluids b. inducing a powerful magnetic field that would cause symptoms to disappear c. making patients relax and forget their symptoms d. converting unconscious symptoms into physical

a. realigning the person's magnetic fluids b. inducing a powerful magnetic field that would cause symptoms to disappear

which of following were some of the nonmedical treatments prescribed by early Greek and ROman physicians? (select all that apply) a. removing a patient from a difficult family situation b. having patients act out their feared situations in role playing c. showing a patient different stone etchings to determine underlying psychological phenomena d. having a discussion with the individual to restore rational control over emotions

a. removing a patient from a difficult family situation d. having a discussion with the individual to restore rational control over emotions

Currently, mental disorders are viewed as a collection of problems in which of the following areas? (select all that apply) a. social behavior b. emotional responding c. spiritual beliefs d. thinking

a. social behavior b. emotional responding d. thinking

Pavlov developed methods are theories for understanding behavior in terms of which of the following? a. stimuli and responses b. unconscious drives c. reinforced responses d. bells and whistles.

a. stimuli and responses

which of the following statements are true about the ancient Chinese concept of yin and yang? (select all that apply) a. the human body contained a negative force (yin) b. if there was more yang than yin, the individual was healthy c. the human body contained positive force (yang) d. if there was more yin than yang, the individual was healthy e. if yin and yang were in balance, the individual was healthy

a. the human body contained a negative force (yin) c. the human body contained positive force (yang) e. if yin and yang were in balance, the individual was healthy

Which of the following statements are true about psychiatric nurses? (select all that apply) a. they conduct certain forms of psychotherapy b. they can never write prescriptions for psychotherapeutic drugs c. they deliver care to psychiatric patients d. they often work on inpatient psychiatric wards

a. they conduct certain forms of psychotherapy c. they deliver care to psychiatric patients d. they often work on inpatient psychiatric wards

Which of the following statements are true of Charcot, Bernheim, and Liebault? (select all that apply) a. they did a great deal to advance psychological perspectives on abnormality b. they became leading researchers of the psychological causes of abnormal behavior c. they could both induce and remove the symptoms of hysteria using hypnosis d. they could induce paralysis with hypnosis, but they couldn't' remove it

a. they did a great deal to advance psychological perspectives on abnormality b. they became leading researchers of the psychological causes of abnormal behavior c. they could both induce and remove the symptoms of hysteria using hypnosis

Which of the following statements are true of Freud's theories? (select all that apply) a. they pervade popular notions of psychological processes to this day b. they influenced literary theory, anthropology, and other humanities c. they are often used in mathematical and statistical theory d. they had an enormous impact on the development of psychology over the next century

a. they pervade popular notions of psychological processes to this day b. they influenced literary theory, anthropology, and other humanities d. they had an enormous impact on the development of psychology over the next century

The idea that behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated was proposed by which of the following teams? a. thorndike and skinner b. thorndike and bandura c. pavlov and bandura d. pavlov and thorndike

a. thorndike and skinner

The basis for the modern classification systems of psychological disorders came out of the work of which of the following psychiatrists? a. Sigmund Freud b. Emil Kraeplin c. Philippe Pinel d. Willhelm Griesinger

b. Emil Kraeplin

Mesmer was viewed as which of the following by a scientific review committee that included Benjamin Franklin? a. a creative genius b. a charlatan c. brilliant scientist d. a quack

b. a charlatan

A common belief is that a mental illness implies that an individual has which of the following? a. an inability to tell right from wrong b. a disease c. a dangerous disposition d. a tendency towards pathological deviance

b. a disease

Which of the following are cultural and gender influences on the expression of abnormal behavior? (select all that apply) a. culture and gender can influence how long the treatment of abnormal behaviors should last b. culture and gender can influence the way people express symptoms c. culture and gender can influence the types of treatments deemed acceptable or helpful for people exhibiting abnormal behaviors d. culture and gender can influence people's willingness to admit to certain types of behaviors or feelings

b. culture and gender can influence the way people express symptoms c. culture and gender can influence the types of treatments deemed acceptable or helpful for people exhibiting abnormal behaviors d. culture and gender can influence people's willingness to admit to certain types of behaviors or feelings

After deinstituionalization, which of the following community-based programs were instituted? (select all that apply) a. community-based psychiatric hospitals b. day treatment centers c. halfway houses d. community mental health centers

b. day treatment centers c. halfway houses d. community mental health centers

Marriage and family therapists primary focus on helping which of the following? (select all that apply) a. individuals b. families c. children d. couples

b. families c. children d. couples

According to the text, our understanding of prehistoric people's conceptions of abnormality is based on which of the following? (select all that apply) a. word of mouth through the generations b. fragments of bones c. artwork d. ancient tools

b. fragments of bones c. artwork d. ancient tools

psychiatric historians have argued that many persons accused of witchcraft in the middle ages may have been which of the following? (select all that apply) a. inebriated after drinking too much mead b. mentally ill c. experiencing hallucinations d. experiencing delusional behavior

b. mentally ill c. experiencing hallucinations d. experiencing delusional behavior

Clinical social workers focus on helping people with psychological problems do which of the following? a. overcome biological conditions contributing to their problems b. overcome social conditions contributing to their problems c. overcome their problems through medication d. overcome their problems through behavioral therapy

b. overcome social conditions contributing to their problems

today the term hysteria is used to refer to what? a. extreme excitability in women b. physiological symptoms that probably are the result of psychological processes c. depressive symptoms in both men and women d. extreme excitability in men

b. physiological symptoms that probably are the result of psychological processes

A person's behaviors and feelings can be more or less dysfunctional, distressing, deviant, or dangerous. Therefore, which of the following statements is true when the 4 D's are used as a guide to determining abnormality. a. there is no question that normal is normal and abnormal is abnormal b. there is no sharp line between what is normal and what is abnormal c. we can still easily determine what is normal and what is abnormal d. we can always recognize abnormal behavior when we see it

b. there is no sharp line between what is normal and what is abnormal

a phenomenon in which a large number of people engage in unusual behaviors that appear to have a psychological origin is called which of the following? a. lunatic frenzy b. a bizarre enchantment c. a psychic epidemic d. mass madness

c. a psychic epidemic

In Viking times, Birger starte acting irrationally, claiming to hear voices and have visions. What would have been the most likely course of action to cure him? a. there really would not have been a treatment option; he would have been pushed out of the community b. a shaman would have treated him with a concoction of herbs and roots c. a shaman or healer would have been called in to perform an exorcism d. a psychologist would have been called to set up regular sessions

c. a shaman or healer would have been called in to perform an exorcism

The Egyptians believed that women who complained of unexplained aches and pains suffered form which of the following? a. cleopatra complex b. somatoform disorder c. a wandering uterus d. humors in the body

c. a wandering uterus

In many cultures, women who are aggressive and do not want children are at risk of being labeled as which of the following? a. witches b. transgender c. abnormal d. heroic

c. abnormal

Early Greeks and Romans saw abnormality as which of the following? a. the influence of satan b. possession by evil spirits c. an affliction from the Gods d. the result of a wandering uterus

c. an affliction from the Gods

The movement that was launched in 1963 by John Kennedy was called which of the following? a. mental health reform advocacy movement b. mental health outreach movement c. community mental health movement d. mental health reformation movement

c. community mental health movement

Which of the following are among the 4 D's of abnormal behavior? (select all that apply) a. disillusion b. depression c. dangerousness d. dysfunction e. deviance f. distress

c. dangerousness d. dysfunction e. deviance f. distress

people's beliefs about their ability to execute the behaviors necessary to control important events is called which of the following? a. vicarious intellectual ability b. thought modeling c. self-efficacy d. observational beliefs

c. self-efficacy

Which is a movement of the later 20th century that failed to meet early expectations mostly because of a lack of funds and planning? a. the humanitarian movement b. the mental hygiene movement c. the deinstitutionalization movement d. the institutionalization reform movement

c. the deinstitutionalization movement

opponents of cultural relativism claim which of the following? (select all that apply) a. dangers arise when cultural norms are allowed to dictate what is normal and abnormal b. societies have labeled individuals or groups as abnormal in order to justify controlling them c. individuals have labeled groups of people as abnormal in order to silence them d. it can be used to label mental patients as normal to dismiss them from hospitals for economic reasons

cultural norms are allowed to dictate what is normal and abnormal b. societies have labeled individuals or groups as abnormal in order to justify controlling them c. individuals have labeled groups of people as abnormal in order to silence them

an alternative the the hypothesis that trephination was used to drive evil spirits away was that it was used for which of the following reasons? a. as punishment for abnormal behavior b. as a means of creating revelatory hallucinations c. as an alternate to acupuncture d. as a means of removing blood clots and for other medical purposes

d. as a means of removing blood clots and for other medical purposes

Beginning in the 11th century, abnormality began to be seen as caused by which of the following? a. witchcraft only b. satanism only c. magnetic fields in the earth d. both witchcraft and satanism

d. both witchcraft and satanism

In the 1970s, psychology shifted its focus substantially to the study of which of the following? a. experiential learning b. the biological basis of behavior c. overt behavior d. cognition

d. cognition

The view that there are not universal standards or rules for labeling behavior as abnormal is called which of the following? a. cultural reality b. the abnormality/normality continuum c. cultural norming d. cultural relativism

d. cultural relativism

Mesmer believed that people have which of the following substances in the body that must be distributed in a particular pattern to maintian health? a. mesmeric water b. synaptic fluid c. vitreous humor d. magnetic fluid

d. magnetic fluid

a collection of methods for coordinating care that ranges from simple monitoring to total control over what care can be provided and paid for is called which of the following? a. specialized health care b. institutionalized care c. socialized care d. managed care

d. managed care

Which of the following mental health experts have an MD degree? a. licensed social workers b. psychologists c. psychiatric nurses d. psychiatrists

d. psychiatrists

the study of people who suffer from mental, emotional, and often physical pain is referred to as which of the following? a. deviant behavior b. psychiatric behavior c. psychopathic deviation d. psychopathology

d. psychopathology

One of Freud's influences, Pierre Janet, was investigating _____ personality disorder when Freud interacted with him

multiple

In the mid 20th century, a class of drugs called ________ were discovered that allowed many institutionalized people to be released from hospitals

phenothiazines

according to ________ theories, abnormal behavior is a result of traumas, such as bereavement or chronic stress

psychological

the therapy in which therapists challenged, sometimes harshly, their patients' irrational belief system was called __________ therapy

rational-emotive therapy

the ancient treatment of trephination involved drilling holes in the ________ of the person displaying abnormal behavior in order to allow the spirits to depart

skull

chinese medical philosphy held that human emotions were controlled by internal organs, when ________ air was flowing on one of these organs, an individual experienced a particular emotion

vital