CH 1 The Unfinished Nation

In 1609 English explorer Henry Hudson sailed up a river in what was then called New Netherland and laid claim over the territory for the

Dutch

Which of the following were major sources of conflict between native people and the Spanish in the North?

Encomiendas, Spanish attempts at religious conversion

Which of the following best describes why the English felt freer to establish colonies in the New World during the late sixteenth century?

England successfully challenged Spanish sea power

Which of the following best describes population trends in Europe during the early era of exploration?

Europe's population increased rapidly as trade increased

True or false: Prior to its contact with Europeans, African society was primitive and uncivilized.

False

In which of the following ways was life different for late Archaic-era farmers as compared to their ancestors?

Farmers stayed in one place.

Who among the following led the first known circumnavigation of the globe?

Ferdinand Magellan

The seventeenth-century colonial powers that presented the most formidable challenge to English domination of North America were

France and Holland

Which of the following are true regarding French settlers in America?

France's first colony was in Quebec The French established close relationship with native Americans

Match the European colonial power with the place where it established a colony in the early seventeenth century.

France- Quebec England- Newfoundland Holland- Manhattan Island Spain-Florida

Match the English monarch with his or her religious policies.

Henry VIII- Broke with Catholic Church and established the Church of England Mary I- Restores England's ties to Catholicism and persecuted Protestans Elizabeth I- severed England's ties to the Catholic Church James I- Favored English Catholics and "high church" forms of religious ceremony

Why was Cortes's military expeditions against the Aztecs "perfectly timed"?

His arrival seemed to fulfil a popular Aztec prophecy

In 1497-1498, Vasco da Gama sailed around the southern tip of _____ on his way to ____

Africa; India

In 1486, Bartholomeu Dias sailed around the southern tip of ___ at ____

Africa; the Cape of Good Hope.

Why did Ferdinand Magellan name the ocean to the west of South America the "Pacific"?

After weathering the stormy waters of the Strait of Magellan, the ocean seemed peaceful by comparison

Which of the following groups was the principal source of labor in the early Spanish and Portuguese colonies of the New World?

American Indians

Which of the following best describes why the English immigrants were attracted to the New World?

An opportunity to own land

Recent scholarship suggest that some early inhabitants of the Americas sailed from ____ and first settled as far south as Chile and Peru.

Asia

scholars once believed that all early migrants to the americas came via an ancient land bridge across the

Bering Strait

The prevalence of the _____ church in South and Central America and Mexico was due to priests

Catholic

The greograhic misconception of which seafaring captain working for the Spanish Crown caused him to inadvertently come across the New World?

Christopher Columbus

Which of the following are characteristics of the Inca civilization?

Complex administrative state Irrigation systems Paved roads

Which of the following was a duty of women in all North America tribes?

child care

According to the principles of mercantilism, wealth is ______, and a nation or person can grow rich only ______.

finite; at the expense of other

Most tribes in North America were matrilineal, which means that family association and clan membership

flowed through the mother's lineage

The very first Spanish settlers in America were most interested in

gold and silver mining

Of the following aspects of th exchange with the Europeans, which most negatively impacted native peoples?

introduction of European grass seed

African societies tended to be ______, meaning that people traced their heredity and inherited property from their mothers rather than their fathers.

matrilineal

In the Spanish colonial world, people of mixed race, particularly of European and Native American descent, were known as

mestizo

Which of the following was not one of the Puritans' demands?

ordination of women

The African slave trade

preceded European settlement of the New World

Based on Britain's experiences in Ireland, its colonization in the New World followed which of the following principles?

separation between colonists and native populations

After the disaster at Roanoke,

the English still had a desire to colonise.

Which of the following best describes the first English-sponsored expedition to North America?

It was led by Genoese sailor John Cabot

Like the English settlers in North America, other European settlers were driven to the New World by

Mercantilist ideas

Which of the following types of Asian goods did Europeans want most during the 1400s?

Silk, spices and dyes.

Which of the following did not occur in the years following the Roanoke disaster of 1590?

Sir Walter Raleigh went on to establish several other colonies

Match the century with the European nation that dominated the slave trade during that time.

Sixteenth- Portugal Seventeenth- Holland Eighteenth- England

The most substantial Spanish efforts at colonisation in what is now the United States took place in the

Southwest

What was at the heart of the uprising led by Pope?

Spanish attempts to suppress native rituals

Which of the following crops did the Europeans first encounter in the New World?

Squash Potatoes Maize

Which of the following was not a crop that Europeans first encountered in the New World?

Sugar

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between mercantilism, the wool trade, and England's desire to colonize the New World?

The collapse of the European wool market led English merchants to look overseas for mercantile opportunities

Which of the following had the most profound affect on native peoples in their exchange with Europeans?

The importation of diseases

Which of the following helped spur European exploration and colonisation during the late 1400s and early 1500s

-An interest in expanding trade with Asia -Population growth -Monarchs who wanted their countries to develop more commerce.

Which of the following helped Cortez in his defeat of the Aztecs

- A smallpox epidemic -help from the Tlaxcalans -Use of body armour

Which of the following statements help explain why people of mixed race became the majority in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of the Americas?

-European men vastly outnumbered European women in the Americas -European men fathered children with native women

Which of the following distinguished agricultural societies in the Northeast from those in the South and Southwest

-Lack of permanent settlements -Farming methods to quickly exploit the land

After England's first documented contact with the New World,

A century passed before it made any efforts to establish colonies there

Which of the following were aspects of the newly emergent monarchies and nation-states in Europe toward the latter 1400s?

A desire to increase national wealth and power An interest in trading with Asia

Which of the following did most native peoples of the Southwest, South and Northeast have in common?

A way of life that included agriculture

Which of the following did the Maya develop or use before Europeans arrived?

A written language A numerical system An accurate calendar

The ___ created the largest empire in the Americas

Incas

Which of the following were direct or indirect results of European population growth during the 1400s?

Increased interest in trade Rise of a new merchant class

England's first colonial experience was in

Ireland

Which of the following statements about Calvinism is not correct?

It promoted a doctrine of fatalism, so Calvinists did little to change the world around them.

Which of the following best describes the reason for Spanish and Portuguese exploitation of native labor?

Native labourers could be forced to work for little or no pay.

Which of the following best explains why millions of natives died from the diseases Europeans brought to the New World?

Native traditions of caring for their ill inadvertently helped spread the contagious diseases

The town that the Dutch built on Manhattan Island was named

New Amsterdam

In the early part of the Archaic period, what innovations in tools developed in the precontact Americas?

None. Most humans continued to use the same stone tools that earlier peoples had brought from Asia.

Roanoke was established on an island just off the coast of

North Carolina

Which of the following indigenous groups had the first truly complex society in the Americas and created a civilisation in what is now Mexico and much of Central America?

Olmec

In 1606, James I issued a new charter, which divided North America between the two merchant groups interested in colonization efforts. Who were the two merchant groups?

Plymouth merchants London group

Which of the following South American countries was not part of the Spanish Empire?

Suriname

Which of the following is a misconception that Christopher Columbus had?

The Asian continent extended farther east than it actually does.

Which of the following best explains a difference between the English Reformation and the Reformation in continental Europe?

The English reformation stemmed from a political, rather than doctrinal, dispute between the king and the pope

Which of the following is a way in which the French experience in North America differed from that of the English?

The French had fewer colonisers than the English

Spanish settlers in the Southwest received encomiendas, or

The right to demand tribute and labor from the natives

What caused European settlers to begin importing slaves from Africa?

Their system of coerced Indian labor did not satisfy the labor needs of the colonist

Which of the following were important benefits of New World colonies?

They created new markets for English goods They reduced poverty, unemployment and overcrowding They fostered economic independence for England

Which of the following statements about the Woodland Indians is true?

They inhabited land that contained the greater food resources on the continent

Which of the following were important benefits of New World colonies?

They reduced poverty, unemployment, and overcrowding

Which of the following best explains why King Ferdinand and cQueen Isabella agreed to fund Columbus's voyage in 1492?

They wanted to demonstrate the strength and ambitiousness of their monarchy

Which of the following best describes the Puritans and their beliefs?

They wanted to simplify worship and reform church leadership

which of the following was not an economic motivator fo rEngland to acquire New World colonies?

To obtain workers to fill labor shortages

True or False: By the end of the sixteenth century, the Spanish Empire included the Caribbean islands, Mexico, and southern North America

True

Which four of the following locations were part of the Spanish Empire at its height?

Various Caribbean Islands Coastal areas of South America Mexico The southern United States

Sir Walter Raleigh established ______ in honor of the English queen.

Virginia

The Inca empire controlled much of _____ through a sophisticated administrative system and a large network of paved roads

Western South America

Which of the following best describes the role of women in African societies?

Women often played a dominant role in trade

The new English merchant capitalists prospered by selling which product in foreign markets?

Woold and cloth

Match the person with his or her significance to the early English settlements in North America.

`Elizabeth- Dignitary for whom the colony of Virginia was named Sir Humphrey Gilbert- Colonizer who attempted to establish a British colony in Newfoundland Sir Francis Drake- Sea captain who helped inhabitants of the first Roanoke colony to evacuate Sir Richard Grenville- helped establish Roanoke

The city Cahokia was known

a trading center.

Which of the following best describes chartered companies in sixteenth-century England?

they were established by monarchs as monopolies

What was Columbus's primary goal for the voyages of 1493 and 1498?

to reach East Asia by sailing west.

Which of the following was the main motivation for the Dutch to establish a presence in North America?

trade

In the new world, natives under European rule spoke

unique dialects that fused European languages with their own