ch 10

Approximately _____ percent of the population is asexual.

1

Masters and Johnson began their studies of the human sexual response in the:

1950s

Which fraction BEST expresses the percentage of people in general who experience some sort of sexual dysfunction?

40 percent

Carissa's doctor is helping her to come to terms with her HIV positive diagnosis. Which is NOT a fact that the doctor will tell her?

Carissa will likely quickly progress to the stage known as AIDS.

Mack has recently been diagnosed with an STI that will gradually deplete and weaken his immune system. It is MOST likely that Mack is infected with:

HIV virus.

Which statement about paraphilias is false?

Most paraphilias are socially acceptable.

_____ refers to the biological category of male or female as defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and function.

Sex

Which statement is true?

Sex is a biological concept, whereas gender is a sociocultural concept.

Which is NOT a characteristic of estrus?

The female refuses to actively signal a willingness to engage in sexual activity.

As Shelby walks by a playground she notices that all the boys are playing together and all the girls are playing together. What can she conclude about the ages of the children on the playground?

They are all very similar in age.

Michal is shown a picture of another little boy with a bow in his hair. When asked whether that boy is a girl or a boy, Michal replies, "A girl, because only girls wear bows." It is MOST likely that Michal is:

a preschooler.

Women experience _____ physiological response and sequence of arousal during stages of sex as compared to men.

about the same

It is mostly during the _____ years that participation in sports has been shown to enhance the self-esteem of females.

adolescent

The fact that twice as many males as females score in the very highest range (top 3 percent) on math achievement tests could be attributed to:

advanced mathematics drawing heavily on spatial abilities.

Recall the textbook's Focus on Neuroscience feature on romantic love and the brain. As compared to looking at a photo of a friend, looking at a photo of a romantic partner increases activation in the:

anterior cingulate cortex.

Ariel is a not sexually attracted to either men or women. Ariel is:

asexual.

In watching some children playing during recess one day, Jamal notices some peer interaction occurring that nicely illustrates gender differences. The boys seem well able to _____ within a group of male friends, and the girls tend to _____ with one or two friends.

assert themselves; form close bonds

An accurate way to summarize a discussion of gender differences would be to say that the differences between men and women are:

average differences.

Bartels and Zeki's (2000) research study revealed that romantic love activates brain areas involved in positive emotion; these brain areas include the anterior cingulate cortex, _____, putamen, and insula.

caudate nucleus

Paige and Ethan played together often when they were toddlers. Over time, their mothers noticed that if other children were around, Paige preferred to play with the girls and Ethan preferred to play with the boys. This transition to preferring play with members of one's own sex is:

common from age three and older.

Bartels and Zeki (2000) used fMRI to investigate patterns of brain activation among participants looking at a picture of a romantic partner in one condition or a picture of a close friend in another condition. The condition in which participants looked at the picture of a friend was the _____ condition in this study.

control

Six-year-old Martha is described by her mother as a very "feminine" little girl. It is evident that her mother has been influenced by _____ designations.

cultural and social

Which sequence correctly shows the human sexual response cycle?

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Ned and Kim are having a marital argument. Emotions are heating up and Kim starts to feel overwhelmed with her emotions, which causes her to feel out of control and even more emotional. According to John Gottman's research on conflict in intimate relationships, Kim is:

flooding

Luis realized while at a crowded club that he gets sexually aroused when he rubs himself up against unsuspecting women. Now he rides the subway during the entire rush hour, often ending up late for work, finding women in packed subway cars to rub up against to get aroused. What type of paraphilic disorder does Luis have?

frotteuristic disorder

The cultural, social, and psychological meanings associated with masculinity and femininity are called:

gender

Joseph is biologically male but has always "felt" female. This psychological sense of being male or female is known as:

gender identity.

Monica is presenting a paper to her class on the behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as either masculine or feminine in a given culture. The topic of Monica's paper is:

gender roles.

Dr. Myers is writing a book examining whether men actually are more aggressive than women or whether this notion is simply a _____ stereotype.

gender-role

The beliefs that people have about the typical characteristics and behaviors of each sex are referred to as _____ .

gender-role stereotypes

Depending on which culture one is born into, _____ is a large part of one's identity, while _____ is the same across cultures.

gender; sex

Masculine is to male as _____ is to ______.

gender; sex

Also known as _____, this condition involves the persistent, involuntary contraction of the vaginal muscles, resulting in uncomfortable or painful intercourse.

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Rodrigo is participating in a psychological research study in which an fMRI is being used to detect his brain activity. When shown a picture of Lisette, Rodrigo demonstrates changes in his anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, and insula. This makes it MOST likely that Lisette is Rodrigo's:

girlfriend

Males are MORE likely than females to have a sexual fantasy about:

having sex with multiple partners.

Xiomara had surgery last year and has since noticed a marked decrease in sexual interest. Her doctor notices that her testosterone levels are very low and attributes this to the surgery, in which _____ was (were) removed.

her ovaries

Recall the textbook's Focus on Neuroscience feature on romantic love and the brain. As compared to looking at a photo of a friend, looking at a photo of a romantic partner increases activation in each of these areas EXCEPT for the:

hippocampus.

According to research by Bartels and Zeki, the areas of the brain that are activated when a person looks at a photograph of _____ are the same areas that are activated by euphoria-producing drugs.

his or her romantic partner

Menstrual cycle is to _____ as estrus cycle is to _____.

humans; animals

One of the categories of sexual dysfunctions, known as _____, involves having little or no sexual interest.

hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Research demonstrates that sexual fantasies tend to begin:

in adolescence.

Harriett describes her gender identity as female but with a sexual orientation toward other women. This example illustrates that these two concepts are:

independent of one another.

A bisexual individual:

is attracted to members of both sexes.

Which choice BEST describes the method used in Masters' and Johnson's pioneering sexual response cycle research?

laboratory research

Research on sexual fantasies has demonstrated that people who engage in sexual fantasies most often tend to exhibit the _____ number of sexual problems and the _____ level of sexual dissatisfaction.

least; least

Doris is homosexual, and calls herself _____. Her friend, Nathan, who also is homosexual, calls himself _____.

lesbian; gay

Karl has a friend in his math class who recently performed very well on a test that examined the ability to rotate three-dimensional figures. It is MOST likely that Karl's friend is:

male

Men who experience a frequent inability to ejaculate may suffer from a condition called:

male orgasmic disorder.

A well-substantiated difference in male and female sexual fantasies is that:

men are more likely to imagine having sex with multiple partners.

In David Buss's cross-cultural investigation of the relationship between mating preferences and evolution, it was found that for both men and women the most important factor in choosing a mate was:

mutual attraction.

The major difference between a sexual dysfunction and a paraphilia is that a person with a paraphilia is MOST often:

not psychologically distressed by it.

During the shortest phase of the sexual response cycle, known as _____, blood pressure and heart rate reach their peak.

orgasm

For men, the MOST common sexual problems are premature ejaculation and:

problems achieving or maintaining an erection.

Derek has had an orgasm and is unable to have another one just yet. His fiance, Emma, however, has not had an orgasm yet. Her heart rate and blood pressure are rising but at a slowing rate. In addition, the muscles in her vagina are tightening. With respect to the human sexual response cycle, Derek is in the _____, while Emma is in the _____.

refractory period; plateau phase

The term "gender _____" refers to the collection of actions, beliefs, and characteristics that a culture associates with masculinity and femininity.

role

One-year-old Charles is playing with one-year-old Gary, who is dressed in a pink dress. According to gender-role development research, it is MOST likely that Charles:

senses that Gary is really a boy.

The behavioral manifestation of the sexual urge, referred to in common terms as _____, often involves sexual intercourse.

sex

Biology is to culture as _____ is to ______.

sex; gender

Consistent disturbances in sexual desire, arousal, or orgasm that cause psychological distress and interpersonal difficulties are known as:

sexual dysfunctions.

David is sexually aroused by members of the opposite sex. This preference would indicate that David's _____ is heterosexual.

sexual orientation

In general, people's responses to a girl who plays with boys or boys' toys are more flexible than responses to a boy who plays with girls or girls' toys. This difference in attitude toward gender roles is likely a reflection of:

society's greater tolerance of girls who cross gender lines.

Maryam and Chaz are having a marital argument. Emotions are heating up and Chaz starts to withdraw from Maryam, which causes her to become very angry and even more emotional. According to John Gottman's research on conflict in intimate relationships, Chaz is:

stonewalling.

The textbook cites double-blind research that found that acetaminophen reduces the pain of social rejection more effectively than does a placebo (DeWall, et al., 2010). In a double-blind study:

the researchers would not know which participants received the placebo, and each participant would not know whether he or she received acetaminophen or a placebo.

The idea that masculine roles are superior to feminine roles in U.S. culture is used to explain:

the ridicule that boys receive for acting like a girl.

Geraldo and Jennifer are having a playdate. Of the toys presented to them, Geraldo shows preference for the balls and blocks. Jennifer shows preference for the dolls and art activities. It is likely that Geraldo and Jennifer have reached age:

three

Jerry, a heterosexual financial executive at a local firm, has a "secret" life on weekends, in which he goes to clubs dressed as "Mary" in order to derive sexual arousal. Jerry struggles with his "secret" and has significant anxiety about it. Jerry is exhibiting what is known as:

transvestic disorder.

Francis, a department store employee, is terminated after he secretly installed small cameras in fitting rooms so that he could watch female customers undress. Francis demonstrated:

voyeuristic disorder.