Ch. 10, Biology, Ch. 10 Vocabulary - Biology

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus. part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides.

prophase

Chromosomes become visible, the centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus, the centrioles help to organize the spindle, the chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers, the nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

interphase

Divided into 3 phases: G1- cells grow the most in this phase, cells increase in size and make new proteins and organelles. S- chromosomes are replicated and DNA molecules are synthesized. G2- many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.

telophase

The chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material (unravel) A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The spindle being to break apart and a nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus.

cytokinesis

Two nuclei are formed, each with a duplicate set of chromosomes. the division of the cytoplasm surrounding two nuclei. Appears after telophase.

centromeres

area where the chromatids of a chromosomes are attached.

cancer

disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth.

spindle

fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis.

prophase voc

first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus.

telophase voc

fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material.

cyclin

one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

chromatids

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome.

centrioles

one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.

interphase voc

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions.

cell division

process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.

metaphase voc

second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

cell cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

anaphase

the centromeres that join the sister chromatids split, allowing the sister chromatids to separate and become individual chromosomes. The chromosomes continue to move until they have separated into 2 groups near the poles of the spindle. it ends when the chromosomes stop moving.

metaphase

the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle.

anaphase voc

the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes pairs separate and move toward opposite poles.